一场自上而下的失败 。 文 丨 魏冰 郭瑞婵 编辑 丨 龚方毅 从爆发到崩塌，哪吒汽车的兴衰不过三年。 2022 年，它是造车新势力中销量最高的一家；2023 年，又成为当年唯一销量下滑的造车新势力； 2024 年，接连裁员、缩编；再到 2025 年，停工、停产，留下数百起未解的欠薪纠纷。 哪吒汽车的失败几乎是中国电动车创业浪潮中最典型的一种：在行业上行期迅速做大，竞争加剧后， 产品短板与组织问题暴露，失速并迅速倒下。 2025 年 6 月中旬，我们来到哪吒汽车在上海闵行区的最后一处办公地。物业出示的告示显示其于 6 月 12 日搬离，我们没有在这处哪吒汽车半个月前才新搬入的办公室见到相关人员。 我们原本试图回答一个看似简单的问题：是谁杀死了哪吒汽车？但在与十多位哪吒汽车前员工交流 后，我们发现正如许多企业的失败一样，哪吒汽车的倒下不能归因于某个时刻、事件或个体。 管理层误判市场趋势、组织内耗严重、多次在关键转型节点犹豫不前。他们曾有机会获得大众合作机 会，智能化团队与地方国资成立新公司的计划也接近落地。但管理层一次次在重要节点做错决定，把 公司的命运不断推向一种结局 —— 失败。 外部环境的变化加速了滑落。 ...

Group 1 - The European Central Bank's President Lagarde emphasized that a more accommodative financing environment supports demand in the Eurozone [1] - Increased defense and infrastructure spending is expected to provide additional support to the economy [1] - There is an urgent need to strengthen the Eurozone and its economy [1] Group 2 - The focus should be on enhancing competitiveness, productivity, and resilience within the Eurozone [1] - Anticipated tariffs and a stronger euro are expected to hinder investment [1]

Core Viewpoint - The real estate market shows a clear recovery trend in the first quarter of this year, with the future heat of the land market dependent on five key factors: improvement of the financing environment, stability of new housing transaction volume, effective inventory reduction, transformation of sales models under new real estate paradigms, and optimization of land supply rules [1][2][4]. Group 1: Financing Environment - The financing environment directly influences the willingness of real estate companies to acquire land, with a relatively loose financing environment currently aiding market stabilization [6]. - The real estate financing landscape has undergone significant adjustments, transitioning from a high-leverage model to a more regulated environment, with a focus on standardized financing methods [6][7]. - As of the end of April 2024, the balance of real estate development loans was 13.56 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of 3.2%, supported by both the extension of existing financing and new investments from the urban real estate financing coordination mechanism [7]. Group 2: New Housing Market Transaction Volume - The new housing market serves as a barometer for the land market, with a notable recovery in the first quarter of 2025, where new housing transaction area in major cities increased by 6% year-on-year [8]. - However, the momentum in the new housing market weakened in the second quarter, leading to potential pressure on the land market's continued growth [8][9]. - In the first five months of 2025, cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen saw significant year-on-year increases in new housing transaction areas, with growth rates of 13% and 106%, respectively [8]. Group 3: Real Estate Market Inventory - The total inventory of commercial housing remains high, with a pending sale area of 77.427 million square meters as of May 2025, although it has decreased by 7.15 million square meters over three months [10]. - Different cities exhibit varying inventory clearance cycles, with cities like Hangzhou and Shanghai having a clearance cycle of less than 12 months, indicating a more active land market [10]. Group 4: New Sales Models - The implementation of a current housing sales system is a crucial reform aimed at enhancing product quality and optimizing market supply-demand dynamics [11][12]. - The shift towards current housing sales is expected to lower purchasing risks for buyers and test the financial strength and product quality of real estate companies [12]. Group 5: Land Supply Rules - Land supply is being adjusted through total volume reduction, structural optimization, and innovative rules to align with market changes and promote high-quality industry development [13][14]. - Many cities have significantly reduced land supply plans, with some cities like Dongguan and Yantai seeing reductions exceeding 40% [13]. - Innovations in land transaction rules, such as flexible payment options and streamlined approval processes, are being piloted in various regions to enhance the attractiveness of land development [14].