春节假期，在享受团圆的同时，别忘了做自己健康的第一责任人。国家疾控局温馨提示，别忘预防这些 传染病： 呼吸道传染病 防范呼吸道传染病疫情，建议公众采取以下个人防护措施： 本文转自【国家疾控局】； 诺如病毒感染是一种常见的肠道传染病，属于丙类传染病中的其他感染性腹泻病。每年10月到次年3月 是诺如病毒感染高发季节。诺如病毒感染潜伏期为12～72小时，通常为24～48小时。常见症状主要为恶 心、呕吐、发热、腹痛和腹泻，部分患者有头痛、畏寒和肌肉酸痛等。儿童以呕吐为主，成人则以腹泻 居多，粪便为稀水便或水样便。 人群普遍易感，传染源主要为患者和无症状感染者，常通过被病毒污染的食物、水或者经粪口途径传 播，也可通过接触、飞沫等途径传播。多数患者发病后症状轻，无需治疗，休息2～3天即可康复，可口 服糖盐水或口服补液盐补充呕吐和腹泻消耗的水分。对于婴幼儿、老年人，特别是伴有基础性疾病的老 年人，如因频繁呕吐或腹泻，出现脱水等较严重的症状时，应及时治疗。 诺如病毒感染属于自限性疾病，春节假期人群跨区域流动增加，在餐饮等场所存在聚集性疫情发生风 险，个人和家庭可通过以下措施有效预防： 一是保持手卫生。饭前、便后、加工食物前应 ...

肠道传染病 诺如病毒感染是一种常见的肠道传染病，属于丙类传染病中的其他感染性腹泻病。每年10月到次年3月 是诺如病毒感染高发季节。诺如病毒感染潜伏期为12～72小时，通常为24～48小时。常见症状主要为恶 心、呕吐、发热、腹痛和腹泻，部分患者有头痛、畏寒和肌肉酸痛等。儿童以呕吐为主，成人则以腹泻 居多，粪便为稀水便或水样便。 春节假期，在享受团圆的同时，别忘了做自己健康的第一责任人。国家疾控局温馨提示，别忘预防这些 传染病： 呼吸道传染病 防范呼吸道传染病疫情，建议公众采取以下个人防护措施： 一是积极接种流感疫苗。 接种疫苗是预防传染病最有效、最经济的手段，建议6月龄及以上且无接种禁 忌的人群均应接种流感疫苗，尤其是高风险人群如医务人员、60岁以上老年人、学龄前儿童和中小学 生、慢性病患者等。 二是科学佩戴口罩。 在人员密集场所或乘坐公共交通工具时建议佩戴口罩，尤其是老年人和一些有慢性 基础疾病的患者，以降低感染风险。 三是保持良好卫生习惯。 注意手卫生，勤洗手，接触公共物品后不用手触碰眼、口、鼻，遵守呼吸卫生 礼仪。 四是倡导健康生活方式。 要均衡饮食、适量运动和充足休息，增强身体免疫力。出现发热、咳嗽等呼 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of health management for elderly individuals during the Spring Festival, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of chronic conditions, dietary precautions, and mental well-being. Group 1: Chronic Disease Management - Elderly individuals with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease should adhere strictly to medication regimens and avoid altering dosages during the holiday [2] - Regular monitoring of blood pressure and blood sugar is crucial, and maintaining a health record can assist in identifying any abnormalities [2] - It is essential to ensure an adequate supply of necessary medications to avoid shortages during the holiday [2] Group 2: Cardiovascular Health - Winter is a peak season for heart attacks and strokes, necessitating attention to warmth, emotional stability, and avoiding excessive fatigue [3] - Recognizing stroke symptoms using the "BEFAST" principle can aid in timely medical intervention [4] - Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction include sudden chest pain and discomfort, which should prompt immediate medical attention [5][6] Group 3: Dietary Safety - Elderly individuals should follow a diet that is soft, small in quantity, diverse, and hygienic to accommodate their reduced digestive capacity [7] - Foods should be easy to digest, and meals should be consumed slowly to prevent choking and digestive issues [8] - It is advisable to eat until 70-80% full to alleviate gastrointestinal burden, particularly limiting high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods [9] Group 4: Infection Prevention - The Spring Festival sees an increase in infectious diseases, necessitating vigilance in food hygiene and preparation [10][11] - Adequate hydration is important, with a recommended intake of 1500-2000 milliliters daily, while alcohol consumption should be limited [12] Group 5: Safety and Well-being - The festive environment can pose risks for elderly individuals, requiring family members to provide extra care [17] - Preventing falls is critical, with recommendations for maintaining dry floors and using non-slip footwear [18] - Ensuring warmth while maintaining ventilation is essential for health [19] Group 6: Mental Health - The psychological well-being of elderly individuals should be prioritized during family gatherings, with a focus on avoiding overstimulation and ensuring adequate rest [20] - Emotional support and communication are vital, as is assisting elderly individuals in using technology to connect with distant family members [20]

贺照阳 通讯员 邓文锴 孟芸 济南报道 寒假春节携手而至,聚会旅行增多,山东省疾病预防控制中心发布"2026年2月公众健康提示",提醒大家注 意防寒保暖,保持卫生习惯,牢记出行安全,做自己健康的第一责任人。 重点关注流感等 呼吸道传染病 这个时段需重点关注流感等呼吸道传染病,尤其是婴幼儿、老年人及慢性病患者等高风险人群,核心防护 措施包括以下几种。接种疫苗:"一老一小"及慢性病患者优先,建议未接种流感疫苗的人群尽早接种。流 脑、麻疹疫苗按免疫程序全程接种,未完成全程接种的,需尽早查漏补种。 注意个人卫生:外出回家要先洗手,用肥皂和流动水搓洗,咳嗽、打喷嚏时,用纸巾或肘部衣物遮掩口鼻,乘 坐公共交通工具、去医院等场所时要科学佩戴口罩。 做好家庭清洁:物体表面及地面经常打扫,保持清洁。每日至少开窗通风2次,每次30分钟。 注意防寒保暖:关注自身健康状态,发现相关症状持续或未见明显减轻,应及时就医。 注意饮食安全 防范肠道传染病 勤洗手,饭前便后用肥皂和流动水彻底洗手。 注意饮食安全,饮用安全水,海鲜彻底煮熟,少吃生冷食物,不食用变质食物,厨具生熟分开,剩菜剩饭食用前 彻底加热。 保持环境卫生,室内常通风,保持清洁 ...

Group 1: Influenza Prevention - The current flu season in Hainan Province is marked by typical symptoms such as sudden high fever, body aches, fatigue, and cough [1] - Vaccination is highlighted as one of the most economical and effective means to prevent influenza and other infectious diseases [1] - Recommendations include frequent hand washing, good ventilation, wearing masks in crowded places, and minimizing time spent in such environments [1] Group 2: Norovirus Prevention - The high incidence season for norovirus gastroenteritis in Hainan Province is from October to March, with transmission occurring through contaminated food, water, or surfaces [1] - Preventive measures include ensuring food is thoroughly cooked, avoiding drinking raw water, and practicing good personal hygiene, such as washing hands before meals and after using the restroom [1] - Individuals exhibiting symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea are advised to isolate at home and avoid preparing food for others [1] Group 3: Measles Prevention - Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus, with a high incidence during winter and spring [2] - Key preventive measures include vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and maintaining good hygiene practices [2] - Individuals who have been in close contact with a measles-infected person should monitor their health for 21 days and seek medical attention if symptoms like fever or rash appear [2]

Core Viewpoint - The provincial disease control bureau has issued health and safety guidelines for the upcoming New Year holiday, emphasizing the importance of travel safety, food safety, and disease prevention during the festive period [1][2][3] Group 1: Travel Safety - Travelers are advised to monitor the epidemic situation and weather conditions at their destinations, minimizing time spent in crowded places such as transportation hubs and tourist attractions [1] - It is recommended to wear masks in poorly ventilated environments and on public transport to reduce the risk of respiratory disease transmission [1] - Individuals should maintain good hand hygiene by frequently washing hands or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers, especially before meals, after using the restroom, and after touching public items [1] Group 2: Food Safety - The provincial disease control bureau suggests choosing restaurants with valid health permits and good hygiene practices to prevent foodborne illnesses [2] - It is crucial to follow the principle of separating raw and cooked foods, ensuring that meat, poultry, and seafood are thoroughly cooked before consumption [2] - During festive gatherings, moderation in eating is advised to avoid overeating, with a focus on a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables while limiting oily, spicy, and raw foods [2] Group 3: Disease Prevention - Vaccination is highlighted as one of the most effective preventive measures against respiratory diseases, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and individuals with chronic illnesses [2] - The winter season sees a rise in infections caused by norovirus, which spreads primarily through the fecal-oral route; personal hygiene and food safety are critical [2] - After returning from travel, individuals should monitor their health for one to two weeks, seeking medical attention if symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea, or rash occur [3]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the heightened risk of various infectious diseases following flood disasters, particularly intestinal infectious diseases, zoonotic diseases, and respiratory infectious diseases [1] Summary by Category Prevention of Intestinal Infectious Diseases - Intestinal infectious diseases, such as cholera, bacterial dysentery, typhoid, and hand-foot-mouth disease, are prevalent after flood disasters [2] - Key preventive measures include ensuring drinking water hygiene by consuming only boiled or sanitized bottled water, and maintaining cleanliness of water storage containers [2] - Food safety is crucial; food should be thoroughly cooked, and utensils must be cleaned and disinfected before use [2] - Environmental hygiene involves thorough cleaning and disinfection of homes affected by flooding, including the removal of stagnant water and debris [2] Prevention of Zoonotic Diseases - Zoonotic diseases of concern post-flood include dengue fever, hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, and plague [3] - Preventive actions include maintaining cleanliness to avoid rodent infestations, proper storage of food, and personal protective measures when handling sick animals [3] - It is advised to keep livestock away from living areas, avoid consuming raw milk or undercooked meat, and implement mosquito control measures [3] Prevention of Respiratory Infectious Diseases - The risk of respiratory infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and influenza, increases in temporary shelters due to close contact among individuals [4] - Preventive strategies include maintaining personal hygiene, ensuring adequate rest, and monitoring health for respiratory symptoms [4] - Emphasis is placed on environmental hygiene through regular ventilation and practicing good hand hygiene [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures against various infectious diseases during the upcoming National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays in China, as travel and gatherings are expected to increase significantly [1]. Group 1: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus infection peaks from October to March, often causing outbreaks in schools and travel groups, primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water [2] - Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with adults mainly experiencing diarrhea and children more often showing vomiting [2] - Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, maintaining food and water hygiene, and proper disinfection of contaminated surfaces [3] Group 2: Mosquito-borne Diseases - Dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus are transmitted by mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, fatigue, and severe pain [4] - Pregnant women are at higher risk for Zika virus, which can cause severe birth defects [4] - Preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites, eliminating breeding sites, and monitoring health after returning from endemic areas [5][6] Group 3: Cholera - Cholera is an intestinal infectious disease primarily spread through contaminated water and food, leading to severe dehydration [7] - As of August 2025, over 409,000 cholera cases have been reported globally, with a significant number in Africa [7] - Preventive measures focus on food and water hygiene, emphasizing the consumption of cooked food and safe drinking water [8] Group 4: COVID-19 - COVID-19 symptoms include sore throat, cough, and fever, with older adults at higher risk for severe illness [9] - Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding crowded places when symptomatic, and seeking medical attention promptly [10][11] Group 5: Monkeypox - Monkeypox presents with fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [12] - Preventive measures involve avoiding close contact with suspected cases and being aware of the disease's prevalence in travel destinations [13] Group 6: Food Poisoning - Food poisoning incidents peak during the months of May to October, particularly during holidays when dining out increases [14] - Preventive measures include choosing reputable dining establishments and ensuring proper food handling at home [15] Group 7: Zoonotic Diseases - Contact with livestock or wild animals can lead to zoonotic diseases such as plague and avian influenza [16][17] - Preventive measures include avoiding contact with unknown animals, proper handling of animal products, and seeking medical attention for animal bites [18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of transitioning children from "vacation mode" to "school mode" as the new school year approaches, highlighting the need for health precautions to prevent infectious diseases [1] - It identifies three main categories of infectious diseases to be wary of during the school season: respiratory diseases, intestinal diseases, and mosquito-borne diseases, particularly in southern regions [1][2] Group 2 - Five protective measures are recommended to prevent the aforementioned diseases: frequent handwashing, maintaining home hygiene, ensuring good lifestyle habits, timely vaccination, and monitoring children's health for symptoms [2] - The article stresses the significance of physical activity for youth, addressing health challenges such as myopia, obesity, and psychological issues, and suggests that sports can foster resilience and a positive mindset [3][4] Group 3 - Guidelines for youth sports participation include promoting diverse activities, gradual intensity increases, and balancing local and overall physical development, while emphasizing the importance of collective activities for social skills [4][6] - Key elements for children's physical activity are identified as "light, vision, and posture," advocating for outdoor time, proper eye care, and maintaining good body posture to prevent health risks [7] Group 4 - The article discusses the potential for children to experience depressive emotions as they transition back to school, with symptoms such as low mood and irritability, and differentiates between transient depressive emotions and clinical depression [8][9] - Recommendations for parents to help children manage these emotions include teaching emotional acceptance, preparing for school routines, and managing academic pressure through structured planning [10]

Group 1 - The transition from summer to autumn brings health risks, particularly for cardiovascular patients due to significant temperature fluctuations [3][4] - Experts emphasize the importance of maintaining warmth for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with chronic diseases during this transitional period [3][4] - Common seasonal myths regarding health management, such as the efficacy of intravenous fluids for vascular health and the belief that blood pressure will normalize naturally, are debunked [3][4] Group 2 - The onset of autumn leads to dry weather conditions, which can cause discomfort such as dry skin and throat; traditional Chinese medicine suggests dietary adjustments to alleviate these symptoms [4][5] - Recommended foods for combating autumn dryness include ingredients like lily, pear, and honey, which can be prepared in soups or porridge [4][5] - Simple lifestyle changes, such as practicing deep breathing and using humidifiers, can also help mitigate the effects of dry air [5] Group 3 - Mosquitoes remain active in the autumn, posing a risk for the transmission of various infectious diseases, including dengue fever and malaria [6][9] - Dengue fever symptoms include high fever, severe pain, and potential for severe complications, particularly in vulnerable populations [7][8] - Preventive measures against mosquito-borne diseases include environmental management, personal protective measures, and community health initiatives [10]