诺如 我省10月至次年3月为诺如病毒胃肠炎高发季节，直接食用或饮用被病毒污染的食物或水，或接触 被污染的物体表面后再经口摄入的间接接触传播，主要表现为呕吐、腹泻，儿童以呕吐多见。需要做好 如下防护：1.注意饮食卫生，食物彻底煮熟，不喝生水。2.注意个人卫生，饭前便后、加工食物前要规 范洗手，推荐使用七步洗手法。3.如出现呕吐、腹泻症状，应做好居家隔离，避免为家人准备食物。 麻疹 麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，冬春季高发，麻疹的潜伏期一般为10-14天。主要预 防措施包括接种麻腮风疫苗；保持良好卫生习惯；若曾与麻疹感染者密切接触，应进行为期21天的自我 健康监测（自最后接触之日算起）。一旦出现发热、皮疹或呼吸道症状，应及时就医。记者 钟起的 本报讯 近日，海南省疾控中心发布一月健康温馨提示：出行莫忘健康防护，注意预防呼吸道传染病、 肠道传染病等传染病。 流感 当前正值我省流感流行季，流感典型症状包括突发高热、全身酸痛、乏力、咳嗽等，流感病毒等 呼吸道传染病病原体主要通过感染者咳嗽、打喷嚏或说话时经呼吸道飞沫或空气传播，也可通过接触被 病毒污染的物体表面后，经口鼻眼等黏膜而感染。1.疫苗接种是预防流感等 ...

元旦将至，人员流动与聚集增加。为了做好节日期间呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病及意外伤害防控， 12月29日，省疾控局发出提示，元旦假期，群众需要关注旅途安全、饮食安全、重点疾病预防等。 "旅途安全方面，大家在出行前请关注目的地传染病疫情与天气变化，减少在交通枢纽、景区等人 员密集场所停留时间。"省疾控中心副主任医师孟昭伟说，在环境密闭、通风不良的场所（如候车厅、 车厢、密集室内场所），以及乘坐飞机、火车等公共交通工具时，建议规范佩戴口罩，可有效降低呼吸 道疾病传播风险。 "冬季是诺如病毒等所致感染性腹泻的高发期。该病毒传染性强，主要通过粪口途径传播。请注意 个人卫生和饮食安全。如家人或同行者出现呕吐、腹泻等症状，建议其及时居家休息，进行隔离，并对 被污染的环境和物品做好清洁消毒。"孟昭伟表示，如计划前往热带、亚热带地区，请提前了解登革热 等蚊媒传染病疫情。出行时可穿着浅色长袖长裤，在蚊虫活跃的清晨和黄昏减少户外活动，使用有效的 驱蚊剂，选择有防蚊设施的住所。 保持良好的手部卫生是预防疾病的关键。出行途中应勤洗手，或使用含酒精的免洗手消毒液清洁双 手，尤其在就餐前、如厕后和接触公共物品后，确保手部清洁到位。 省疾控局 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the heightened risk of various infectious diseases following flood disasters, particularly intestinal infectious diseases, zoonotic diseases, and respiratory infectious diseases [1] Summary by Category Prevention of Intestinal Infectious Diseases - Intestinal infectious diseases, such as cholera, bacterial dysentery, typhoid, and hand-foot-mouth disease, are prevalent after flood disasters [2] - Key preventive measures include ensuring drinking water hygiene by consuming only boiled or sanitized bottled water, and maintaining cleanliness of water storage containers [2] - Food safety is crucial; food should be thoroughly cooked, and utensils must be cleaned and disinfected before use [2] - Environmental hygiene involves thorough cleaning and disinfection of homes affected by flooding, including the removal of stagnant water and debris [2] Prevention of Zoonotic Diseases - Zoonotic diseases of concern post-flood include dengue fever, hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, and plague [3] - Preventive actions include maintaining cleanliness to avoid rodent infestations, proper storage of food, and personal protective measures when handling sick animals [3] - It is advised to keep livestock away from living areas, avoid consuming raw milk or undercooked meat, and implement mosquito control measures [3] Prevention of Respiratory Infectious Diseases - The risk of respiratory infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and influenza, increases in temporary shelters due to close contact among individuals [4] - Preventive strategies include maintaining personal hygiene, ensuring adequate rest, and monitoring health for respiratory symptoms [4] - Emphasis is placed on environmental hygiene through regular ventilation and practicing good hand hygiene [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures against various infectious diseases during the upcoming National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays in China, as travel and gatherings are expected to increase significantly [1]. Group 1: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus infection peaks from October to March, often causing outbreaks in schools and travel groups, primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water [2] - Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with adults mainly experiencing diarrhea and children more often showing vomiting [2] - Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, maintaining food and water hygiene, and proper disinfection of contaminated surfaces [3] Group 2: Mosquito-borne Diseases - Dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus are transmitted by mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, fatigue, and severe pain [4] - Pregnant women are at higher risk for Zika virus, which can cause severe birth defects [4] - Preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites, eliminating breeding sites, and monitoring health after returning from endemic areas [5][6] Group 3: Cholera - Cholera is an intestinal infectious disease primarily spread through contaminated water and food, leading to severe dehydration [7] - As of August 2025, over 409,000 cholera cases have been reported globally, with a significant number in Africa [7] - Preventive measures focus on food and water hygiene, emphasizing the consumption of cooked food and safe drinking water [8] Group 4: COVID-19 - COVID-19 symptoms include sore throat, cough, and fever, with older adults at higher risk for severe illness [9] - Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding crowded places when symptomatic, and seeking medical attention promptly [10][11] Group 5: Monkeypox - Monkeypox presents with fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [12] - Preventive measures involve avoiding close contact with suspected cases and being aware of the disease's prevalence in travel destinations [13] Group 6: Food Poisoning - Food poisoning incidents peak during the months of May to October, particularly during holidays when dining out increases [14] - Preventive measures include choosing reputable dining establishments and ensuring proper food handling at home [15] Group 7: Zoonotic Diseases - Contact with livestock or wild animals can lead to zoonotic diseases such as plague and avian influenza [16][17] - Preventive measures include avoiding contact with unknown animals, proper handling of animal products, and seeking medical attention for animal bites [18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of transitioning children from "vacation mode" to "school mode" as the new school year approaches, highlighting the need for health precautions to prevent infectious diseases [1] - It identifies three main categories of infectious diseases to be wary of during the school season: respiratory diseases, intestinal diseases, and mosquito-borne diseases, particularly in southern regions [1][2] Group 2 - Five protective measures are recommended to prevent the aforementioned diseases: frequent handwashing, maintaining home hygiene, ensuring good lifestyle habits, timely vaccination, and monitoring children's health for symptoms [2] - The article stresses the significance of physical activity for youth, addressing health challenges such as myopia, obesity, and psychological issues, and suggests that sports can foster resilience and a positive mindset [3][4] Group 3 - Guidelines for youth sports participation include promoting diverse activities, gradual intensity increases, and balancing local and overall physical development, while emphasizing the importance of collective activities for social skills [4][6] - Key elements for children's physical activity are identified as "light, vision, and posture," advocating for outdoor time, proper eye care, and maintaining good body posture to prevent health risks [7] Group 4 - The article discusses the potential for children to experience depressive emotions as they transition back to school, with symptoms such as low mood and irritability, and differentiates between transient depressive emotions and clinical depression [8][9] - Recommendations for parents to help children manage these emotions include teaching emotional acceptance, preparing for school routines, and managing academic pressure through structured planning [10]

Group 1 - The transition from summer to autumn brings health risks, particularly for cardiovascular patients due to significant temperature fluctuations [3][4] - Experts emphasize the importance of maintaining warmth for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with chronic diseases during this transitional period [3][4] - Common seasonal myths regarding health management, such as the efficacy of intravenous fluids for vascular health and the belief that blood pressure will normalize naturally, are debunked [3][4] Group 2 - The onset of autumn leads to dry weather conditions, which can cause discomfort such as dry skin and throat; traditional Chinese medicine suggests dietary adjustments to alleviate these symptoms [4][5] - Recommended foods for combating autumn dryness include ingredients like lily, pear, and honey, which can be prepared in soups or porridge [4][5] - Simple lifestyle changes, such as practicing deep breathing and using humidifiers, can also help mitigate the effects of dry air [5] Group 3 - Mosquitoes remain active in the autumn, posing a risk for the transmission of various infectious diseases, including dengue fever and malaria [6][9] - Dengue fever symptoms include high fever, severe pain, and potential for severe complications, particularly in vulnerable populations [7][8] - Preventive measures against mosquito-borne diseases include environmental management, personal protective measures, and community health initiatives [10]

Core Points - Vaccination is the most effective and convenient method for preventing infectious diseases such as measles, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps [1] - The chief expert from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wang Huaqing, emphasized the importance of vaccination and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of these diseases [1][2] Group 1: Vaccination Recommendations - Measles and mumps can be prevented through the administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine [1] - The EV71 vaccine is effective in preventing hand-foot-mouth disease caused by the EV71 enterovirus [1] - Timely vaccination is recommended for children at 8 months and 18 months of age to protect their health [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures - Maintaining good hygiene habits is crucial for disease prevention [1] - Regular ventilation and keeping the air fresh are important preventive measures [1] - During epidemic seasons, it is advisable to avoid crowded places with children [1] - Avoiding contact with infected individuals during the acute phase of the disease is recommended [1] - Health monitoring for children, including morning checks in kindergartens and primary schools, is essential [1]