预防肠道传染病 肠道传染病是病原体经口侵入肠道并引起腹泻和其他脏器及全身性感染的一类疾病，洪涝灾害发生 后，常见肠道传染病主要有霍乱、细菌性痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、手足口病及其他感染性腹泻。 预防肠道传染病，要注意饮用水卫生。不喝生水，只喝开水或符合卫生标准的瓶装水、桶装水；装 水器具必须干净，并经常倒空清洗。自来水水管或水龙头如被污染，退水后应充分清洗管路，水龙头表 面使用含氯消毒剂擦拭消毒。 要注意食品卫生。食物要煮熟煮透，生熟分开，餐具须清洁并消毒后使用，进食前要洗手；不吃腐 败变质或被洪水浸泡过的食物；不吃淹死、病死的禽畜和水产品。 要注意环境卫生。房屋被洪水浸泡后，要对室内外环境进行彻底清理，做到先清理、后消毒、再回 迁。排除积水，清除污泥和垃圾杂物；打开门窗，通风换气；清洗家具，清理室内物品，必要时对房间 墙壁和地面进行消毒。 预防自然疫源性疾病 海南日报海口10月5日讯（海南日报全媒体记者 马珂 通讯员 许珂）10月5日，海南省疾控中心提 醒：洪涝灾害发生后，由于供水系统毁损、食物安全难以保障、居住条件受到破坏、人群与病媒生物的 接触机会增多、人口流动性加大等因素影响，极易发生各类传染病疫情，特别是 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures against various infectious diseases during the upcoming National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays in China, as travel and gatherings are expected to increase significantly [1]. Group 1: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus infection peaks from October to March, often causing outbreaks in schools and travel groups, primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water [2] - Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with adults mainly experiencing diarrhea and children more often showing vomiting [2] - Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, maintaining food and water hygiene, and proper disinfection of contaminated surfaces [3] Group 2: Mosquito-borne Diseases - Dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus are transmitted by mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, fatigue, and severe pain [4] - Pregnant women are at higher risk for Zika virus, which can cause severe birth defects [4] - Preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites, eliminating breeding sites, and monitoring health after returning from endemic areas [5][6] Group 3: Cholera - Cholera is an intestinal infectious disease primarily spread through contaminated water and food, leading to severe dehydration [7] - As of August 2025, over 409,000 cholera cases have been reported globally, with a significant number in Africa [7] - Preventive measures focus on food and water hygiene, emphasizing the consumption of cooked food and safe drinking water [8] Group 4: COVID-19 - COVID-19 symptoms include sore throat, cough, and fever, with older adults at higher risk for severe illness [9] - Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding crowded places when symptomatic, and seeking medical attention promptly [10][11] Group 5: Monkeypox - Monkeypox presents with fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [12] - Preventive measures involve avoiding close contact with suspected cases and being aware of the disease's prevalence in travel destinations [13] Group 6: Food Poisoning - Food poisoning incidents peak during the months of May to October, particularly during holidays when dining out increases [14] - Preventive measures include choosing reputable dining establishments and ensuring proper food handling at home [15] Group 7: Zoonotic Diseases - Contact with livestock or wild animals can lead to zoonotic diseases such as plague and avian influenza [16][17] - Preventive measures include avoiding contact with unknown animals, proper handling of animal products, and seeking medical attention for animal bites [18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of transitioning children from "vacation mode" to "school mode" as the new school year approaches, highlighting the need for health precautions to prevent infectious diseases [1] - It identifies three main categories of infectious diseases to be wary of during the school season: respiratory diseases, intestinal diseases, and mosquito-borne diseases, particularly in southern regions [1][2] Group 2 - Five protective measures are recommended to prevent the aforementioned diseases: frequent handwashing, maintaining home hygiene, ensuring good lifestyle habits, timely vaccination, and monitoring children's health for symptoms [2] - The article stresses the significance of physical activity for youth, addressing health challenges such as myopia, obesity, and psychological issues, and suggests that sports can foster resilience and a positive mindset [3][4] Group 3 - Guidelines for youth sports participation include promoting diverse activities, gradual intensity increases, and balancing local and overall physical development, while emphasizing the importance of collective activities for social skills [4][6] - Key elements for children's physical activity are identified as "light, vision, and posture," advocating for outdoor time, proper eye care, and maintaining good body posture to prevent health risks [7] Group 4 - The article discusses the potential for children to experience depressive emotions as they transition back to school, with symptoms such as low mood and irritability, and differentiates between transient depressive emotions and clinical depression [8][9] - Recommendations for parents to help children manage these emotions include teaching emotional acceptance, preparing for school routines, and managing academic pressure through structured planning [10]

Group 1 - The transition from summer to autumn brings health risks, particularly for cardiovascular patients due to significant temperature fluctuations [3][4] - Experts emphasize the importance of maintaining warmth for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with chronic diseases during this transitional period [3][4] - Common seasonal myths regarding health management, such as the efficacy of intravenous fluids for vascular health and the belief that blood pressure will normalize naturally, are debunked [3][4] Group 2 - The onset of autumn leads to dry weather conditions, which can cause discomfort such as dry skin and throat; traditional Chinese medicine suggests dietary adjustments to alleviate these symptoms [4][5] - Recommended foods for combating autumn dryness include ingredients like lily, pear, and honey, which can be prepared in soups or porridge [4][5] - Simple lifestyle changes, such as practicing deep breathing and using humidifiers, can also help mitigate the effects of dry air [5] Group 3 - Mosquitoes remain active in the autumn, posing a risk for the transmission of various infectious diseases, including dengue fever and malaria [6][9] - Dengue fever symptoms include high fever, severe pain, and potential for severe complications, particularly in vulnerable populations [7][8] - Preventive measures against mosquito-borne diseases include environmental management, personal protective measures, and community health initiatives [10]

Core Points - Vaccination is the most effective and convenient method for preventing infectious diseases such as measles, hand-foot-mouth disease, and mumps [1] - The chief expert from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wang Huaqing, emphasized the importance of vaccination and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of these diseases [1][2] Group 1: Vaccination Recommendations - Measles and mumps can be prevented through the administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine [1] - The EV71 vaccine is effective in preventing hand-foot-mouth disease caused by the EV71 enterovirus [1] - Timely vaccination is recommended for children at 8 months and 18 months of age to protect their health [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures - Maintaining good hygiene habits is crucial for disease prevention [1] - Regular ventilation and keeping the air fresh are important preventive measures [1] - During epidemic seasons, it is advisable to avoid crowded places with children [1] - Avoiding contact with infected individuals during the acute phase of the disease is recommended [1] - Health monitoring for children, including morning checks in kindergartens and primary schools, is essential [1]