利率| 非银流动性工具怎么看——从美国的 ON 证券研究报告 固收专题报告 / 2026.01.29 分析师 孙彬彬 SAC 证书编号：S0160525020001 sunbb@ctsec.com 分析师 隋修平 SAC 证书编号：S0160525020003 suixp@ctsec.com 分析师 汪梦涵 SAC 证书编号：S0160525030003 wangmh01@ctsec.com 相关报告 1. 《利率 | 再探超长债供需》 2026- 01-28 2. 《利率｜开年机构行为的五点关注》 2026-01-27 3. 《信用 | 二永债可以继续拉久期吗？》 2026-01-26 核心观点 ❖ 近期央行在多个场合表述"央行正探索在特定情景下向非银机构提供流动性的机制性 安排"，结合美国 ONRRP 的背景和机制，我们认为新工具类似于 ONRRP 概率偏 低，更有可能是类似于前期 SFISF 的再贷款机制。 ❖ 美国的 ONRRP 成立的背景和关注点 美国隔夜逆回购协议工具（Overnight Reverse Repurchase Agreement Facility， 下文简称 ON RRP）是美联储 ...

Group 1: Federal Reserve Actions - The Federal Reserve announced the restart of the Reserve Management Purchases (RMP) tool, starting December 12, with an initial plan to purchase $40 billion in short-term Treasury securities in the first month[2] - The RMP is expected to inject approximately $150 billion in reserves into the market, continuing until Q2 2026[4] - The purchase structure will focus on ultra-short-term Treasury securities, with 75% of purchases planned for maturities of 1-4 months[4] Group 2: Economic Implications - The RMP aims to improve short-term liquidity, benefiting the U.S. stock market's "loose trading" environment[5] - However, RMP is not equivalent to quantitative easing (QE) and is expected to have limited effects on long-term interest rates and the cost of financing for the real economy[5] - The RMP's operational scale may need to be adjusted based on seasonal fluctuations in the Treasury General Account (TGA) and overall liquidity demands[4] Group 3: Current Liquidity Conditions - The current reserve levels are slightly below the reasonable range, with reserves to nominal GDP ratio at 9.5% and reserves to total bank assets at 11.8%[7] - The reasonable reserve balance is estimated to be around $3 trillion, indicating a need for the RMP to maintain adequate liquidity levels[22] - Compared to the end of QT-1, the current reserve levels are more ample, as they were 6.4% and 7.9% respectively at that time[7] Group 4: Market Indicators - The effective federal funds rate (EFFR) and the secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) have shown signs of liquidity tightening, with SOFR recently exceeding the interest on excess reserves (IOER) for consecutive weeks[8] - The EFFR-IOER spread has been narrowing, indicating a potential liquidity shortage in the banking system, although the situation is better than in 2019[9]