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理解宏观金融崩溃
经济观察报· 2025-06-24 11:10
《危机经济学》涵盖的不仅是2008年危机,还有过去三十多 年在东南亚、拉丁美洲等地发生的区域性宏观危机。 作者:韩明睿 封图:图虫创意 距离2008年全球金融危机已经过去了一代人的时间。无论是决策者还是关心经济的普通人,都想 知道应当从中吸取什么教训。这当然也是十几年来经济学界的研究重点之一。由两位顶尖的宏观经 济学家马库斯·布伦纳梅尔和里卡多·雷斯合写的《危机经济学:宏观金融的崩溃与复苏》,就是面向 仅具有经济学基本知识的非专业人士介绍该领域研究进展的一本小书。英文书名"A Crash Course on Crises"实际上围绕"崩溃"(crash)一词玩了个文字游戏,"crash course"意为"速成课程",这 套危机"速成课程"的主题也就不是一般的金融危机,而是像2008年危机这样的宏观金融崩溃。根 据两位作者的定义,金融危机是指一个金融市场所遭受的负面冲击迅速蔓延至别处,使多个市场几 乎同时出现大幅下跌或亏损。金融危机并不一定会对宏观经济造成沉重打击。世纪之交科技股泡沫 破灭,对经济就没有太大影响。但如果危机严重伤害了实体经济,经济问题又反馈至金融领域并加 剧危机,爆发的就是宏观金融崩溃了。《危 ...
理解宏观金融崩溃
Jing Ji Guan Cha Bao· 2025-06-23 06:59
Core Insights - The article discusses the lessons learned from the 2008 financial crisis and the evolution of macroeconomic and financial theories in understanding financial crises [1][2] Mechanisms of Crisis Formation - The 2008 crisis was primarily triggered by subprime mortgages linked to the real estate market, a pattern observed in various financial crises over the past century [4] - Real estate booms often result from capital inflows, making the sector a favored destination for financing, particularly in developing countries [4] - The influx of funds into real estate does not necessarily promote growth in productive sectors like manufacturing, leading to asset price bubbles [4][5] Nature of Financial Crises - Financial crises are characterized by bank runs, where liquidity issues can escalate into solvency problems, affecting both traditional banks and shadow banking institutions [6] - The interconnectedness of financial institutions means that a crisis in one area can lead to widespread asset sell-offs, exacerbating market downturns [7][8] Sovereign Debt Crisis - The relationship between banks and governments is crucial, as systemic banking crises can lead to sovereign debt crises due to the intertwined fates of financial institutions and state finances [9] Policy Responses - Central banks play a vital role in responding to crises, utilizing tools like liquidity provision and quantitative easing to stabilize markets [11][12] - Fiscal policies, such as increasing public spending during crises, are recommended to counteract reduced private sector consumption and prevent liquidity traps [13] Emerging Policy Proposals - New policy suggestions include automatic fiscal measures triggered by economic downturn indicators and a shift in monetary policy targets from inflation to nominal GDP [14]
人工智能时代的金融监管
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-05-11 21:35
金融强国建设与中国金融体系现状 金融强国建设是当前金融政策的重要方向,其内涵十分丰富。我的理解是,一个真正的金融强国应当具 备三个方面的特征:高效、稳健和国际影响力,其中国际影响力尤为关键。 对于中国金融体系的现状,通过多年研究,我们对其特点有了较为清晰的认识。中国金融体系可以概括 为"规模大、管制多、监管弱、银行主导"这四个特点。从总体上看,中国金融业规模已经相当庞大。 中央金融工作会议对中国金融体系问题做出了重要判断:"支持实体经济的质量欠佳,金融风险比较 多,同时金融乱象和腐败频发,金融监管能力有待提升"。这是一个相当严肃的评估,表明未来金融监 管政策必然会进行调整,实际上相关调整已经开始。 黄益平 金融监管政策的动态平衡 从金融监管政策或金融政策角度看,动态调整可能是一个永恒的主题。最根本的原因是需要平衡效率和 稳定之间的关系。在不同阶段,不同经济体的金融体系所面临的主要矛盾可能有所不同。我们观察到, 一个国家发生金融危机后,监管政策通常会收紧;当收紧到一定程度影响了效率时,又会适当放松。这 种调整是监管的正常过程。 当前中国面临的困难在于需要同时实现两个任务:一方面改善对实体经济的支持力度,这意味着 ...