从我国高等教育的历史经验看，这条路径有利于实现"拔尖创新人才不断涌现"的战略目标。民国时期， 北京大学、清华大学、南开大学等高校都经由转学促进了创新人才涌现。1926年至1930年，清华录取转 学生人数占总录取人数的比例分别为10%、6%、18%、11%、21%，江泽涵、曹禺、孙毓棠等诸多创新 者都是转学生。 20世纪50年代，大规模院系调整使得很多学生被动转学。当时出于现实需求，北京大学技术物理系突破 常规转学政策和高等教育体制约束，进行了计划性转学，在极短时间内培养出大批核工业技术骨干，这 些人才随后在核能基础研究等领域发挥出战略科学家的作用。这是转学模式的第一"得"。 转自：中国科学报 《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035）》（以下简称《纲要》）在开篇的总体要求部分提出了一个战 略性目标，即促进"拔尖创新人才不断涌现"。之所以说这是一个战略性目标，是因为其代表了教育强国 建设的一个方向，但实现目标的具体路径仍不清晰。理论上讲，这个战略性目标的本质与"钱学森之 问"相通，"涌现"即"钱学森之问"中的"冒"出来。 《纲要》第十四条"完善拔尖创新人才发现和培养机制"中提出，"在战略急需和新兴领域，探索国 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the 70th anniversary of Qian Xuesen's return to China and the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the first "Qian Xuesen Class," emphasizing the ongoing relevance of his question regarding the cultivation of innovative talent in China's education system [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context and Current Status - In 2005, China's higher education gross enrollment rate was 21%, and R&D expenditure was only 1.34% of GDP, highlighting the need for improvement in education and innovation [2]. - The "Qian Xuesen Question" addresses the challenges and achievements of China's education system since the reform and opening up, indicating a shift from population dividends to talent dividends [2]. Group 2: Educational Reforms and Innovations - Over the past 20 years, reforms such as the establishment of the college system, credit system, and mentorship system have been implemented to enhance the cultivation of top talent [2]. - Significant innovations in various fields, including quantum physics and space exploration, demonstrate the progress of China's innovation ecosystem [2]. Group 3: Future Directions and Challenges - Transitioning from an education power to an education stronghold requires a deep understanding of the needs of modernization in education, technology, and talent [3]. - The focus should shift from merely achieving high scores to fostering comprehensive development and innovative thinking among students [3][4]. Group 4: Long-term Vision - The answer to the "Qian Xuesen Question" lies not in specific achievements but in the potential of millions of young students, emphasizing the importance of nurturing an environment conducive to talent development [4]. - The question may not have a definitive answer, serving instead as a continuous measure of each generation's responsibility towards education and innovation [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the 70th anniversary of Qian Xuesen's return to China and the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the "Qian Xuesen Class," emphasizing the ongoing relevance of his question regarding the cultivation of innovative talent in China's education system [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context - In 2005, China's higher education gross enrollment rate was 21%, and R&D expenditure was only 1.34% of GDP, highlighting the challenges faced in developing a robust educational and innovative ecosystem [2]. - The "Qian Xuesen Question" addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the education system since the reform and opening up, indicating a need for a shift from a population dividend to a talent dividend [2]. Group 2: Educational Reforms - Over the past 20 years, reforms such as the establishment of the college system, credit system, and mentorship system have been initiated to enhance the cultivation of top talent [2]. - New disciplines like New Engineering, New Medicine, New Agriculture, and New Liberal Arts have been developed, along with the implementation of programs like the "Top-notch Plan" and "Strong Foundation Plan" [2]. Group 3: Innovation and Achievements - Significant innovations have emerged from Chinese laboratories, including breakthroughs in quantum anomalous Hall effect and iron-based high-temperature superconductors, showcasing a vibrant innovation landscape [2]. - Major projects like Chang'e 6 lunar sampling and the Dream No. exploration of the ocean reflect China's growing capabilities in scientific exploration and innovation [2]. Group 4: Future Directions - Transitioning from an education power to an education stronghold requires a deep understanding of the needs of modernization in education, technology, and talent [3]. - The focus should shift from merely measuring academic performance to fostering innovative and critical thinking skills among students [3]. Group 5: Long-term Vision - The article suggests that the answer to the "Qian Xuesen Question" lies not in specific achievements but in the potential of millions of young students, emphasizing the importance of nurturing an environment conducive to talent development [4]. - It posits that the question may not have a definitive answer, serving as a continuous measure of each generation's responsibility to cultivate talent [4].

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of "Hangzhou Six Dragons" symbolizes a significant shift in China's technological innovation landscape, challenging traditional perceptions and showcasing the city's strategic foresight in fostering an innovative ecosystem [1][5][10]. Group 1: Innovation Landscape - Hangzhou has become a focal point for global attention, representing a new model of innovation that contrasts with the historical "follower" image of Chinese technology [5][6]. - The city has produced globally influential products, such as "Black Myth: Wukong" and DeepSeek, which have made substantial impacts on Western markets [1][5]. - The rise of Hangzhou's innovation ecosystem has prompted other cities to rethink their approaches to business environments and technological development [1][6]. Group 2: Historical Context - The "Li Youshe Dilemma" has historically puzzled scholars regarding China's scientific and technological advancements compared to the West [2][3]. - China's historical leadership in technology and industry was evident until the mid-19th century, after which it faced challenges that hindered its scientific progress [2][3]. Group 3: Policy and Strategy - Hangzhou's government has implemented proactive policies to foster a digital economy, positioning itself as a leader in innovation [7][8]. - The city emphasizes a supportive environment for entrepreneurs, focusing on risk tolerance and long-term investment in innovation [8][9]. - A unique approach to talent acquisition and nurturing has been established, creating a vibrant ecosystem for startups and tech companies [8][9]. Group 4: Future Directions - The ongoing technological revolution is reshaping the global innovation landscape, with a focus on integrating technology and industry [12]. - The Chinese government has prioritized innovation as a core element of national development strategies, aiming to enhance the country's global competitiveness [12][10]. - Other cities in China are encouraged to learn from Hangzhou's experiences while adapting strategies to their unique contexts [12][11].