Core Insights - China's economy continues to maintain stable and healthy development, providing certainty and positive energy for global economic growth. Despite some perceptions that investment opportunities are diminishing, China's economic transformation and upgrading present unprecedented opportunities for countries worldwide [1] Group 1: Industry Transformation and Upgrading - China's manufacturing sector remains the largest globally for 15 consecutive years, with 80% of it comprising traditional industries such as metallurgy, chemicals, machinery, light industry, and textiles. The acceleration of high-end, intelligent, and green development will release investment opportunities in these areas [1] - New industries such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and biomedicine are rapidly emerging, with China leading in several AI models and maintaining the largest industrial robot market for 12 years. The country is fostering the development of future industries and is open to sharing investment opportunities with global partners [1] Group 2: Technological Innovation and Talent Dividend - China is quickly rising in the global technology innovation landscape, with R&D expenditure exceeding 3.6 trillion yuan in 2024, approaching the OECD average. The country leads in high-level international journal publications and invention patents [2] - The integration of technological and industrial innovation is accelerating, with increasing patent conversion rates and the transformation of cutting-edge technological achievements into new productive forces. China produces over 5 million STEM graduates annually, enhancing the talent dividend, particularly in engineering [2] Group 3: Consumption Expansion and Upgrade - China's per capita GDP exceeds $13,000, with a steadily expanding market size. The retail sales of consumer goods are expected to surpass 50 trillion yuan by 2025, solidifying China's position as the world's second-largest consumer market [3] - Online retail sales have ranked first globally for 12 consecutive years, with significant sales in automobiles and air conditioners. Service consumption is becoming a new growth engine, with the proportion of per capita service consumption expected to reach 46.1% in 2024 [3] Group 4: Infrastructure Development - China's vast territory necessitates significant infrastructure development, particularly in the central and western regions where railway and road density is lower than in the eastern coastal areas. Traditional infrastructure construction and upgrades will yield long-term economic and social benefits [3] - Investment demand remains high for intercity railways and cross-river, cross-sea bridges, which improve transportation logistics and regional economic development. Rapid growth in new infrastructure areas such as computing networks, mobile communications, and smart cities will create vast market opportunities [3] Group 5: Urbanization and Social Welfare - China's urbanization is transitioning from rapid growth to stable development, focusing on improving quality and spatial layout, developing urban clusters, and modernizing cities. Urban renewal projects will create significant investment opportunities [4] - The demand for social welfare services, including childcare, education, elderly care, and healthcare, is increasing. By 2025, China aims to provide 4.5 childcare spots per 1,000 children under three, addressing gaps compared to developed countries [4]

原标题：各项民生事业取得长足发展 在9月26日国新办举行的"高质量完成'十四五'规划"系列主题新闻发布会上，人力资源社会保障部部长 王晓萍介绍，"十四五"期间，我国就业局势总体稳定，社会保障体系更加健全，劳动者权益保障制度更 加完善。 就业是最基本的民生。截至今年8月底，城镇新增就业累计达到5921万人，超额完成5500万人的目标任 务。城镇调查失业率前四年均值为5.3%，低于5.5%的预期控制目标。在就业困难挑战比较大的时期， 这一成绩来之不易。王晓萍表示，就业优先政策体系不断充实，形成了财政激励、税费减免、金融支持 的系统性政策框架，构建了社保费阶段性减免、失业保险稳岗返还、就业创业补贴等全链条支持体系， 政策工具更足、针对性更强。"十四五"时期，年均创业担保贷款余额3000亿元，年均支出就业补助资金 超1000亿元。 这一时期，也是社会保障领域改革力度最大的时期。全国基本养老保险参保人数达到10.72亿人，比"十 三五"末增加7300多万人，参保率从91%提高到95%以上。失业保险、工伤保险参保人数达到2.46亿人、 3.02亿人，较"十三五"末分别增加2900多万人、3400多万人。与此同时，三项社会 ...

Employment and Social Security - The employment situation in China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period is generally stable, with a cumulative urban new employment of 59.21 million by the end of August this year, exceeding the target of 55 million [1] - The average urban survey unemployment rate over the past four years is 5.3%, lower than the expected control target of 5.5% [1] - A comprehensive policy framework has been established, including fiscal incentives, tax reductions, and financial support, to enhance employment priority policies [1] Social Insurance Reform - The number of participants in the national basic pension insurance reached 1.072 billion, an increase of over 73 million compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," with the participation rate rising from 91% to over 95% [2] - The total scale of the three social insurance funds reached 69.27 trillion yuan, with a cumulative balance of 9.81 trillion yuan, indicating a stable increase in fund support capacity [2] - The investment operation scale of the basic pension insurance fund is 2.6 trillion yuan, having doubled since the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan," with an average annual investment return rate of 5.15% [2] Talent Development - The gradual implementation of a delayed retirement age policy is underway to transform demographic dividends into talent dividends during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [3] - Over the past five years, 92 million people have received subsidized vocational skills training, with 72 new occupations and 328 national occupational standards introduced [3] - The number of professional technical talents exceeds 80 million, and skilled workers total over 220 million, with over 72 million high-skilled talents [3]

新华社权威速览 · 非凡" 持续深化社保改革 具有鲜明中国特色的社会保障体系更加 中国式现代化，民生为大。"十四五"时期，人力资源社会保障部门坚持人民至上的价值取向，把加强人力资源开发利用作为工 作主线，推动就业、社保等各项事业取得长足发展，人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感进一步增强，为保障和改善民生作出了 积极贡献。跟随海报，一起了解。 "十四五"期间 累计面向9200万人次开展补贴性职业技能培训 紧跟市场动向发布72个新职业、颁布328个国家职业标 着力激发各类人才干事创业的活力 目前,我国专业技术人才超过8000万人 技能劳动者总量超过2.2亿人 其中高技能人才超过7200万人 新华社权威速览 ·非凡· 积极构建和谐劳动关 劳动者权益保障制度更加; 新建2300多家新就业形态劳动纠纷一站式调解中心 "十四五"以来,公布和处置重大欠薪违法行为1万多 移送涉嫌拒不支付劳动报酬罪案件超过1.4万件 恶意欠薪行为得到有效遏制 (责任编辑：张紫祎) 全国基本养老保险参保人数达到10.72亿 比"十三五"末增加7300多万人 参保率从91%提高到95%以上 失业保险、工伤保险参保人数达到2.46亿、3.02亿 "十四 ...

从社会保障成绩单 感知民生获得感 国新办9月26日举行"高质量完成'十四 五'规划"系列主题新闻发布会,介绍"十 四五"时期就业和社会保障工作高质量发 展成就,并答记者问。跟随发布会上的权 威回应,看"十四五"时期我国在健全社 会保障体系、提高社会保障水平方面取得 的新成果。 就业形势保持总体稳定 数说"十四五"成就 目前，我国专业技术人才超过 8000万人,技能劳动者总量超 过2.2亿人,其中高技能人才超 "十四五"期间，我国累计支 出就业补助资金超过4700亿 元,发放稳岗返还资金1389 亿元 经过各方共同努力,就业局势 保持总体稳定，就业结构持续 优化,就业质量稳步提升 截至8月底,城镇新增就业累计 达到5921万人，超额完成5500 万人的目标任务。城镇调查失业 率前四年均值为5.3%,低于 5.5%的预期控制目标 社会保障体系更加健全 "十四五"期间,是社会保障领 域改革力度最大的时期。企业职 工基本养老保险实现全国统筹, 失业保险、工伤保险实现省级统 筹,建立实施个人养老金制度, 创新开展职业伤害保障试点,社 会保障体系日趋完善 目前。全国其木养老保险参保人 H IJJ エロエアアル O Mi2 ...

人口变局下的破局之道 【开栏的话】 近年来，国务院发展研究中心积极开展国际学术交流活动，邀请诺贝尔经济学奖获得者等知名学者、国际组织负责人到中心交流研讨，以汇聚全球顶尖智 慧，共研时代重要命题。这些跨越国界、充满智慧的真知灼见，不仅能为中国发展提供镜鉴，也为世界理解中国打开了新的窗口。为将这些优秀思想成果 分享给业界及企业，中国经济时报自即日起开设"全球观·中国策"版面，聚焦前沿理论与学术观点，以深度报道架起中外思想者对话的桥梁。首期聚焦"人 口变局下的破局之道"，以全球视野探寻人口高质量发展新路径。 专访 中国人口与发展研究中心学术委员会主任 张许颖 ■中国经济时报记者 张娜 当前，中国已迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，人口发展也进入了一个新的时期，总体上看，人口增量发展转向减量发展阶段，人口发展呈现少 子化、老龄化、区域人口增减分化等明显的趋势性特征。 人口发展新常态下，如何推动人口高质量发展？中国人口与发展研究中心学术委员会主任张许颖日前在接受中国经济时报记者专访时表示，"十五五"时期 我国将进入稳定的人口减量发展阶段。经济社会发展方式和资源配置能否及时适应人口结构变化并作出"结构性"调整将是主要 ...

Group 1: Education Sector Impact - The decline in school-age population is leading to increased attention on school vacancies and surplus teachers, prompting reforms in the education system [1][2] - Measures such as cross-grade and cross-regional teaching are being implemented to adapt to the new demographic reality, with a focus on improving teaching quality through smaller class sizes [2] - The shift from a "demographic dividend" to a "talent dividend" emphasizes the need for investment in human capital and the development of vocational education [2] Group 2: Labor Market Effects - The shrinking labor force and increasing aging population are weakening traditional growth models, necessitating a transition to a "talent dividend" approach [2] - There is a consensus on enhancing the overall quality and productivity of the labor force through lifelong investment in human capital [2] - The development of the "silver economy" and the optimization of industrial structures are crucial for addressing labor shortages [2] Group 3: Social Security System Challenges - The aging population poses significant challenges to the social security system, requiring reforms in medical insurance funding and efficiency [3] - Key reforms include establishing a provincial-level coordination for basic medical insurance and improving long-term care insurance systems [3] - The uneven demographic changes across regions necessitate optimized land use planning and urban-rural coordination [3] Group 4: Long-term Trends and Strategic Planning - Population decline is expected to be a long-term trend, highlighting the importance of early risk identification and strategic planning for high-quality development [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the profound impacts of China's declining population growth, characterized by low birth rates and aging demographics, on various sectors, particularly education, labor market, social security, and urban planning [3][4]. Education Sector - The decline in school-age population is leading to under-enrollment in schools and an oversupply of teachers, prompting discussions on the need for educational reform [3][4]. - The Ministry of Education emphasizes the need to adapt teacher resource allocation in response to demographic changes and urbanization [3]. - Opportunities for reform include transitioning teachers across educational stages and regions, improving school standards, and promoting smaller class sizes to enhance teaching quality [4][5]. Labor Market - The shrinking labor force is weakening traditional economic growth models, necessitating a shift from "demographic dividend" to "talent dividend" [5]. - There is a consensus on increasing investment in human capital throughout its lifecycle to improve overall labor quality and productivity [5]. - The development of the "silver economy" and the optimization of industrial structures towards knowledge and technology-intensive sectors are crucial for addressing labor shortages [5]. Social Security System - The aging population poses significant challenges to the social security system, particularly in healthcare funding and efficiency [5]. - Key reforms include enhancing the basic medical insurance system, improving funding mechanisms, and establishing long-term care insurance [5]. Urban and Regional Planning - Population changes are uneven across urban and rural areas, necessitating optimized land use and spatial planning [6]. - The article advocates for a coordinated regional development strategy, focusing on enhancing urban centers' capacity while addressing the needs of shrinking areas [6]. - Identifying risks and planning systematically can transform challenges into opportunities for high-quality development in the context of demographic shifts [6].

Group 1: Education Sector Impact - The decline in school-age population and the surplus of teachers are becoming increasingly prominent issues, leading to discussions on the direct impact on the education system [1][2] - The Ministry of Education has highlighted the need to recognize the challenges posed by fluctuations in school-age population and urbanization on the equitable distribution of teaching resources [1][2] - The education system can leverage this challenge to accelerate the transition from scale expansion to quality improvement and structural optimization [2] Group 2: Labor Market and Economic Transition - The shrinking labor force and increasing aging population are weakening the traditional growth model, necessitating a shift from "demographic dividend" to "talent dividend" [2] - There is a consensus on increasing investment in human capital throughout its lifecycle to enhance overall labor quality and productivity [2] - The development of the "silver economy" and the promotion of knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industries are essential to address labor shortages [2] Group 3: Social Security System Challenges - The aging population presents unprecedented challenges to the social security system, requiring improvements in medical insurance funding and efficiency [3] - Reforms such as provincial-level coordination of basic medical insurance and the establishment of long-term care insurance systems are critical as demographic changes deepen [3] Group 4: Regional Development and Spatial Planning - Population changes exhibit significant disparities between urban and rural areas, necessitating optimized land use planning [3] - The "multi-planning integration" system for land use has been established, and further regional spatial planning is needed to promote coordinated urban-rural development [3] - Strategies for areas facing population decline include land consolidation and the development of specialized industries for sustainable growth [3]

中国已成为全球规模最宏大、门类最齐全的人才资源大国—— 人才储备，三个之最和一个500万 从"人口红利"到"人才红利"，中国经济发展的要素禀赋正发生变化：如今，中国人才资源总量、科技人 力资源、研发人员总量均为全球最高；每年培养科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）专业毕业生超过 500万人。这三个全球之最和一个500万意味着什么？过去5年中国的人才储备有哪些新变化？ 人才创新活力加速迸发 "您的'金点子'，我们收到了。"8月5日，山东省济南市向广大人才朋友发出了一封主题信。 今年4月，济南市委人才办开设人才政策"金点子"征集专栏，面向社会各界特别是广大人才征集意见建 议，推动提升全市人才工作质效。这封信正是要把近4个月征集活动的进展情况与广大人才朋友分享： 对具备实施条件的建议，已迅速协调相关单位，制定具体优化方案，明确落实措施和时限，并及时予以 反馈。 济南市委人才办常务副主任王玉跃说："我们不断优化人才发展生态，今年修订出台济南人才政策'双30 条'（2025版），从多方面加大支持力度。在系列政策举措支撑下，2024年济南新增青年人才超过15万 人，人才资源总量突破287.5万人。" 聚焦人才这个"第一资源 ...