从我国高等教育的历史经验看，这条路径有利于实现"拔尖创新人才不断涌现"的战略目标。民国时期， 北京大学、清华大学、南开大学等高校都经由转学促进了创新人才涌现。1926年至1930年，清华录取转 学生人数占总录取人数的比例分别为10%、6%、18%、11%、21%，江泽涵、曹禺、孙毓棠等诸多创新 者都是转学生。 20世纪50年代，大规模院系调整使得很多学生被动转学。当时出于现实需求，北京大学技术物理系突破 常规转学政策和高等教育体制约束，进行了计划性转学，在极短时间内培养出大批核工业技术骨干，这 些人才随后在核能基础研究等领域发挥出战略科学家的作用。这是转学模式的第一"得"。 转自：中国科学报 《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035）》（以下简称《纲要》）在开篇的总体要求部分提出了一个战 略性目标，即促进"拔尖创新人才不断涌现"。之所以说这是一个战略性目标，是因为其代表了教育强国 建设的一个方向，但实现目标的具体路径仍不清晰。理论上讲，这个战略性目标的本质与"钱学森之 问"相通，"涌现"即"钱学森之问"中的"冒"出来。 《纲要》第十四条"完善拔尖创新人才发现和培养机制"中提出，"在战略急需和新兴领域，探索国 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implementation of a three-year action plan for building a strong education system in China, highlighting various reforms and initiatives aimed at improving educational quality and accessibility across different levels of education [10]. Group 1: Educational Reforms - The "Big Ideological and Political Course" aims to integrate social resources into education, enhancing the teaching of the Communist Party's stories and promoting national rejuvenation [11]. - The initiative "Daily Exercise for 2 Hours" mandates that primary and secondary school students engage in at least two hours of physical activity daily, as part of a broader effort to reform school sports [12]. - The "Adjustment and Optimization of Academic Programs" focuses on aligning higher education disciplines with national strategic needs, resulting in the establishment of new programs in fields like artificial intelligence and integrated circuits [13]. Group 2: Higher Education Initiatives - "University Technology Transfer" is emphasized as a key reform to enhance the integration of education, technology, and talent, facilitating the conversion of academic research into practical applications [14][15]. - The "Excellence Engineer Training" program aims to cultivate high-level engineering talents through a collaborative education model that integrates industry needs with academic training [16]. - "Expansion of Quality Undergraduate Education" seeks to increase enrollment in top-tier universities while ensuring that the quality of education is maintained, particularly in emerging fields [19][20]. Group 3: Support for Rural Education - The "County High School Revitalization" plan aims to improve the quality of education in rural areas by optimizing resource allocation and enhancing teaching conditions [17]. - The "Free Year Before School" initiative will eliminate fees for the final year of preschool education in public institutions, addressing financial barriers for families [18]. Group 4: Vocational Education - The "New Dual High for Vocational Education" focuses on enhancing the quality of vocational training to better serve industry needs, with a significant proportion of programs aligned with major national industries [21]. Group 5: Collaborative Education Models - The "Education Alliance" initiative promotes collaboration among schools, families, and communities to support student development and address educational challenges [22].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Education and the National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center have launched the "Top 10 Education Reform Buzzwords for 2025," highlighting key initiatives aimed at advancing educational reform and quality in China [40]. Group 1: Major Education Reform Buzzwords - "Big Ideological and Political Course" aims to integrate traditional ideological education with real-world examples to enhance students' understanding of socialist values and national stories [40][41]. - "Daily Exercise for 2 Hours" mandates that primary and secondary school students engage in at least 2 hours of physical activity daily, promoting health and fitness [42]. - "Adjustment and Optimization of Subject and Major Settings" focuses on aligning higher education programs with national strategic needs and industry developments, enhancing talent quality and adaptability [43]. - "Transformation of University Scientific Achievements" emphasizes the importance of converting academic research into practical applications to foster economic and social development [44][45]. - "Cultivation of Excellent Engineers" aims to develop high-level engineering talents through a collaborative education model that integrates industry needs with academic training [46]. - "County High School Revitalization" seeks to improve the quality of education in rural areas by optimizing resources and enhancing teaching conditions [47]. - "Free Year of Preschool Education" will eliminate fees for the final year of public kindergarten starting in the 2025 academic year, promoting educational equity [48]. - "Expansion of Quality Undergraduate Education" focuses on increasing enrollment in top-tier universities while ensuring quality through targeted adjustments in program offerings [50]. - "New Dual High Standards in Vocational Education" aims to enhance vocational training by aligning educational programs with industry demands and national strategies [51]. - "Education Collaborative Network" promotes cooperation among schools, families, and communities to support student development and well-being [52].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the "Top Ten Education Reform Buzzwords for 2025" released by the Ministry of Education, highlighting key initiatives aimed at advancing educational reform and strengthening the education system in China [3][4]. Group 1: Major Educational Initiatives - "Big Ideological and Political Course" aims to integrate social resources into education, focusing on practical education that aligns with Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics [3][4]. - "Daily Exercise for 2 Hours" mandates that primary and secondary school students engage in at least 2 hours of physical activity daily, as part of a broader initiative to enhance student health [6]. - "Adjustment and Optimization of Subject and Major Settings" involves systematic changes to higher education programs to better align with national strategic needs and industry developments, including the introduction of new disciplines like artificial intelligence and integrated circuits [7]. Group 2: Technology and Innovation in Education - "Transformation of University Scientific Achievements" focuses on enhancing the integration of education and technology, promoting the commercialization of research outcomes through various methods [8][9]. - "Cultivation of Excellent Engineers" emphasizes training high-level engineering talents through a collaborative education model that integrates industry needs and practical problem-solving [10]. Group 3: Enhancing Educational Access and Quality - "Revitalization of County High Schools" aims to improve the quality of education in rural areas by optimizing resource allocation and enhancing teaching conditions [11]. - "Free Year of Preschool Education" will eliminate fees for the final year of preschool education in public kindergartens starting in the fall of 2025, addressing public concerns about educational costs [12]. - "Expansion of Quality Undergraduate Education" seeks to increase enrollment in high-quality undergraduate programs, particularly in fields aligned with national needs [13]. Group 4: Vocational Education and Community Collaboration - "New Dual High Standards in Vocational Education" focuses on enhancing vocational education to better serve industry needs and societal development, with a strong emphasis on practical skills [14]. - "Educational Alliance" promotes collaboration among schools, families, and communities to support student development and address challenges in their growth [15][16].