▌杨建民 在皇皇巨著《史记》里，司马迁为我们刻画描绘了多少永难忘怀鲜活如生的人物，可是司马迁自己呢？ 除去为著述所写的《太史公自序》，有限的信函（《报任安书》）外，我们难以充分知晓他意气风发却 终于艰困的一生。然而这些内容，却也由司马迁蘸着心血描写他人的笔触，隐约、蕴含、散布在五十余 万言的《史记》各处。若要细细搜寻、最终条分缕析写记出来，该是一件多么耗费精力、披沙拣金的工 作。在司马迁精神濡染鼓舞下，总有人出来，承担重任，试着探寻，它就是李长之的《司马迁之人格与 风格》。 司马迁画像 真怪，司马迁似乎不嫌弃我这个水平太低的后世读者，尽管当时字都认不全，断续隐约间，还是让人感 受到了项羽的勃勃精神英雄气概、李广不能封侯以及自尽的意气难平……那套绿皮《史记》，共十来 册，后来多次选读章节，反复沉浸其间，不仅喜爱其著述，更对司马迁这个人，生出由衷崇拜。自己能 力不足，却由衷向往。这份企念，还真缘分似的，被一册书圆梦。 上世纪八十年代中期，上了大学的我读到了一册小开、素朴的著述：《司马迁之人格与风格》。之前读 过作者李长之的先后两册关于李白的集子：《道教徒的诗人李白及其痛苦》《李白》，别开生面的角 度，饱满的情感及 ...

2026年1月26日，山东省政协十三届四次会议在济南开幕。会议期间，山东省政协委员、山东大学文学 院教授、《文史哲》主编杜泽逊接受了经济观察报的采访。杜泽逊表示，中华文化自古以来就是多元一 体的文化形态，从《史记》到《资治通鉴》再到《永乐大典》，历朝历代都有古籍工作者对多元文化进 行整合。因此，古籍整理工作并不是简单地整理古书，而是中华文化多元一体的具体体现。 杜泽逊多年来承担了多项国家和山东省重大古籍整理研究项目。截至2025年底，他主持的"《永乐大 典》存卷综合整理研究"项目第一期工程现代标点工作已基本完成，并交付中华书局进入出版流程；第 二期工程"《永乐大典》分书重编"也已取得阶段性成果，预计再过三年可全面竣工。《齐鲁文库·典籍 编》已相继出版300册。 在履职政协委员期间，杜泽逊曾多次建议推动山东省古籍资源数字化、公开化。他说，山东省是古籍大 省，但大量古籍长期沉睡在图书馆、博物馆等地，研究人员只能在网上查阅其他省份的资料。"传承优 秀传统文化，并不是直接把书交给读者，而是要读者领会书里面蕴含的民族精神精华。"杜泽逊说。 杜泽逊：在2025年履职期间，我曾多次建议推动山东省古籍资源数字化、公开化。 古 ...

Core Viewpoint - The importance of reading and its impact on personal development and societal contribution is emphasized, highlighting that reading is essential not only for academic pursuits but also for personal growth and cultural continuity [3][4][5]. Group 1: Importance of Reading - Reading is essential for both scholars and ordinary citizens, as it enriches life and culture [3][4]. - It is stated that reading can change one's temperament and character, as noted by historical figures like Zhu Xi [3][6]. - The act of reading is portrayed as a means to shed undesirable habits and cultivate a refined character [6][9]. Group 2: Personal Experiences and Influences - The speaker shares personal anecdotes about their educational journey and the influence of literature on their life, including early exposure to classical texts [4][23][25]. - The impact of various literary works, including Western literature, on personal development is discussed, indicating a broad appreciation for diverse literary traditions [25][26]. Group 3: Recommended Reading - A list of essential Chinese texts is provided, including "The Analects," "The Book of Songs," and "Records of the Grand Historian," which are deemed crucial for understanding Chinese culture and philosophy [10][11][12][13][14]. - The necessity of reading foreign literature alongside Chinese classics is emphasized, with specific works by philosophers and authors like Plato, Aristotle, and Tolstoy recommended [19][20]. Group 4: Reading Approaches - Different reading methods are suggested, including professional reading for academic purposes and leisurely reading for personal enjoyment, with the latter being encouraged for its enriching benefits [21][22]. - The significance of reading classical texts, such as the Six Classics, is highlighted, advocating for their inclusion in modern education [28].

Core Viewpoint - The narrative emphasizes the profound impact of reading and literature on personal growth and resilience throughout different life stages, illustrating how books serve as a source of inspiration and comfort in challenging times [1][2][3] Group 1: Childhood and Early Influences - The protagonist's childhood home, a simple earthen house, is depicted as a nurturing environment where reading flourished despite material poverty [1] - The use of a large cabinet as a makeshift desk symbolizes the resourcefulness and determination to pursue education amidst limited resources [1] - Nature and the changing seasons are intertwined with the reading experience, enhancing the connection between literature and the world outside [1] Group 2: Adult Life and Reflection - After finishing school, the protagonist returns to farming, highlighting the struggle to balance work and the desire for education [2] - Rediscovering an old book, "Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales," evokes memories of childhood and provides emotional relief from life's burdens [2] - The act of reading under a kerosene lamp at night signifies the enduring love for literature and its role in fostering courage to face life's challenges [2] Group 3: Lifelong Learning and Wisdom - As the protagonist ages, the reflections on reading history and contemporary literature reveal the lessons learned about life, history, and human nature [3] - The impact of classic works, such as "Records of the Grand Historian" and "The Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government," illustrates the importance of understanding history to navigate the present [3] - The protagonist finds solace and clarity in literature, suggesting that a well-stocked personal library can enrich life and provide a sense of purpose [3]

Core Viewpoint - The choice of Sima Qian to place the biographies of Bo Yi and Shu Qi at the forefront of "Records of the Grand Historian" reflects his values and standards for historical writing, emphasizing the theme of justice and moral integrity in a corrupt world [2][4]. Group 1: Historical Significance - Sima Qian's selection of Bo Yi and Shu Qi as the first figures in the biographies indicates a deeper standard beyond mere reverence for Confucius, focusing on the values of self-sacrifice and resistance against tyranny [2][3]. - The narrative of Bo Yi and Shu Qi serves as a critique of the violent overthrow of the previous regime, showcasing their refusal to accept power and their ultimate act of defiance against unjust authority [3][4]. Group 2: Emotional Resonance - Sima Qian's insistence on the "grievance" of Bo Yi and Shu Qi reflects his own emotional turmoil and disillusionment with the moral decay of the Han dynasty, as he personally experienced injustice [4][5]. - The portrayal of Bo Yi and Shu Qi becomes a medium for Sima Qian to express his anger and sorrow over the failures of the moral order, emphasizing the need for justice in a world where traditional values have collapsed [5][6]. Group 3: Philosophical Implications - Sima Qian argues that despite the collapse of moral order, individuals can maintain dignity through personal choices and adherence to ethical principles, which he believes should be recorded for posterity [5][6]. - The mission of the historian, as articulated by Sima Qian, is to document the lives of those who uphold virtue, thereby restoring a sense of justice and moral clarity in society [5][6]. Group 4: Lasting Impact - The emotional and philosophical themes established in the biography of Bo Yi and Shu Qi set the tone for the entire "Records of the Grand Historian," influencing subsequent narratives and reinforcing the humanistic spirit throughout the text [6]. - Sima Qian's work transcends mere historical documentation, positioning itself as a powerful tool for advocating justice and moral integrity in the face of oppression [6].

Core Viewpoint - The book "Twenty Lectures on the History of Chinese Editing and Publishing" by Liu Yunfeng systematically outlines the evolution of editing and publishing in China from ancient times to the present, emphasizing the cultural significance and social role of editing work [8][14]. Group 1: Historical Context and Development - The history of Chinese editing and publishing can be traced back to Confucius, who, despite not authoring books, played a crucial role in organizing and preserving classical texts, establishing the foundation for Chinese literary tradition [7][9]. - Since the 1980s, significant works have emerged in the field of publishing history, laying the groundwork for research, including comprehensive studies like "The General History of Chinese Publishing" [8][9]. - The book is structured into three main sections, focusing on key figures and milestones in editing history, from pre-modern editors like Confucius to modern publications such as "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" [9][10]. Group 2: Key Figures and Their Contributions - Confucius is highlighted as the "father of editing," whose work in compiling the Six Classics reflects an early understanding of the importance of editing for knowledge dissemination [9][10]. - Liu Xiang and Liu Xin's efforts in cataloging court collections laid the groundwork for systematic book classification and cataloging in Chinese history [9][10]. - Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" introduced innovative editing methods that elevated the role of editors from mere recorders to active shapers of historical narrative [9][12]. Group 3: Thematic Focus and Methodology - The book emphasizes the relationship between editing practices and societal changes, showcasing how significant texts reflect the cultural and ideological shifts of their times [10][12]. - It explores the aesthetic aspects of publishing, including the rise of modern reference books and the intricate printing techniques used in special publications, thus broadening the understanding of editing beyond mere text handling [10][12]. - The author employs a rigorous historical methodology, analyzing the lives and philosophies of notable editors to illustrate the deeper cultural significance of their work [12][14]. Group 4: Modern Implications and Legacy - The book discusses the evolution of modern editions of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun," revealing how each version reflects the historical context and cultural perceptions of Lu Xun's legacy [13][14]. - It serves as a bridge connecting ancient and modern editing practices, highlighting the continuous role of editors in shaping cultural narratives and preserving knowledge [14][15]. - The work aims to inspire contemporary editors by emphasizing the importance of cultural ideals and the responsibilities that come with the editing profession [14][15].

Core Viewpoint - Historian Wang Di, at 69 years old, continues to produce significant works, including the second volume of "A Century of Teahouses" and a nearly 900-page book titled "Chinese Chronicles (1912-1928)" [2][22]. Group 1: Academic Contributions - Wang Di's recent publications include the simplified Chinese version of "A Century of Teahouses" and "Chinese Chronicles," which reflects his deep engagement with historical narratives [2][22]. - His work emphasizes the importance of ordinary people's stories in history, challenging the traditional focus on prominent figures and events [18][21]. Group 2: Historical Perspective - Wang Di argues that history does not follow predictable patterns or rules, viewing it as a series of coincidences rather than a linear progression [5][23]. - He critiques the tendency to seek historical laws, suggesting that this approach overlooks the complexities and nuances of individual experiences [24][27]. Group 3: Methodology and Approach - Wang Di employs a micro-historical approach, focusing on the lives of ordinary individuals and their daily experiences, which he believes are often neglected in traditional historical narratives [30][32]. - His research methodology includes utilizing previously underused materials, such as foreign journalists' reports and personal diaries, to provide a richer understanding of historical events [34][36]. Group 4: Cultural Significance - The significance of teahouses in Chengdu is highlighted as a cultural phenomenon that reflects the social dynamics and public life of the city, which Wang Di aims to preserve through his research [16][18]. - Wang Di's work has sparked increased interest in the histories of ordinary people, indicating a shift in public engagement with historical narratives [21][22].

Core Insights - The article discusses the significance of the "Classical Texts and History" as a new foundation for Chinese philosophy, emphasizing the need to excavate the inherent foundations of Chinese civilization rather than seeking external bases [6][12][17] - It highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between "Classics" and "History" in shaping Chinese philosophical thought and its unique characteristics compared to Western philosophy [13][14][15] Summary by Sections Section 1: Philosophical Foundations - The reconstruction of Chinese philosophical research aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the world as perceived by Chinese civilization, rather than through other traditions [6][12] - The article argues for the necessity of inheriting and affirming the established paradigms of Chinese philosophy while recognizing their limitations [6][12] Section 2: Core Issues in Chinese Philosophy - Metaphysics and the theory of mind are identified as core issues in Chinese philosophy, while other areas like ethics and political philosophy are noted as less effectively addressed [7][9] - The article suggests that the understanding of "Classics" and "History" is crucial for grasping the theoretical framework and evolutionary patterns of Chinese civilization [9][12] Section 3: The Role of History - The article posits that historical events that significantly impact humanity become "Classics," with the "Six Classics" representing a summary of historical principles by figures like Confucius [14][15] - It emphasizes that the essence of "Classics" is derived from historical experiences, making it an objective reflection of historical rationality [14][15] Section 4: Methodological Implications - The "Classics and History" tradition is presented as a methodology for understanding the principles of civilization and guiding future historical developments [17][18] - The article distinguishes between two types of current studies in classical texts: those driven by academic motivations and those influenced by cultural-political dynamics [18]

Group 1 - The discovery of the "Gari Tang Qin Inscriptions" in Qinghai's Maduo County has sparked significant academic debate, with the National Cultural Heritage Administration confirming it as a Qin Dynasty artifact [3] - The inscriptions are linked to the concept of "Kunlun," which has inspired various interpretations and discussions among historians, particularly in the context of the Qin Dynasty's worldview [3] - Historian Li Kaiyuan's recent work, "Assassinating Qin: A New Understanding of the Qin Dynasty," offers insights into the cultural implications of the "Gari Tang Qin Inscriptions" [3] Group 2 - The geographical understanding of the Qin people evolved significantly after the unification of China, leading to a perception of the Qin Dynasty as the sole sovereign state in the world [5] - The inscriptions from the Qin era, such as those from Langya, illustrate the Qin's geographical worldview, emphasizing their dominion over all territories within their reach [5][6] - Li Kaiyuan argues that the Qin Dynasty reverted to a limited geographical perspective, akin to the "Small Nine Provinces" concept from "Yugong," rather than adopting the expansive views of the "Great Nine Provinces" [6] Group 3 - The Qin Dynasty's governance structure was characterized by a direct administrative system, contrasting with the Han Dynasty's more complex multi-layered governance [7][8] - The Qin's approach to external territories, such as the military conquest of the Baiyue region and the establishment of commanderies, reflects a rigid governance model that lacked flexibility in dealing with non-directly governed areas [9] - This inflexible governance model ultimately contributed to the Qin Dynasty's rapid decline, as it failed to adapt to the complexities of the external world [9] Group 4 - The historical perspective of the Qin Dynasty, as articulated in their edicts and inscriptions, reflects a belief in a linear, unending rule under the emperor, contrasting with the cyclical historical views of earlier scholars like Zou Yan [10][11] - The establishment of the title "Emperor" marked a significant shift in the perception of sovereignty, positioning the Qin emperor as a transcendent ruler beyond traditional kings [12] - Li Kaiyuan critiques this overconfidence in the Qin's historical narrative, suggesting it contributed to the dynasty's downfall by fostering a disconnect from the realities of governance and external relations [13]

Group 1 - The article discusses the historical significance and cultural value of the Western Jin mural tombs located in Dunhuang, highlighting their artistic and archaeological importance [1][2][3] - The discovery of the mural tombs in the 1940s and subsequent preservation efforts are emphasized, showcasing the challenges faced during excavation and the importance of safeguarding these artifacts [1][2][4] - The article invites readers to explore the rich history of the Silk Road through the lens of these ancient sites, encouraging a deeper understanding of the cultural exchanges that occurred in this region [1][2][3] Group 2 - The Western Jin mural tombs are recognized as a significant cultural heritage site, with six tombs identified as particularly valuable for their artistic merit and historical context [2][3] - The article describes the architectural features of the tombs, including the intricate designs and symbolic representations found within, such as the lotus motifs that reflect Buddhist influences [19][20] - The narrative connects the tombs to broader themes of life, death, and the afterlife in ancient Chinese culture, illustrating how these sites serve as a window into the beliefs and practices of the time [19][20][21] Group 3 - The Dunhuang Museum is highlighted as a key institution for preserving and showcasing the artifacts from the region, including items from the Han and Tang dynasties that reflect the area's historical significance [20][21][22] - The article notes the diverse range of artifacts found in the museum, from military supplies to everyday items, which collectively illustrate the lifestyle and culture of ancient Dunhuang residents [21][22][23] - The importance of trade and cultural exchange along the Silk Road is underscored, with references to the various influences that shaped the region's development over centuries [28][29][30]