如何从《诗经》读懂三千年前的年味？ ——专访北京师范大学教授、中国诗经学会会长李山 春节，是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节，其源头可追溯至三千年前的周代。彼时尚无"春节"一词，但岁末 年初的庆典已具雏形。 作为中国第一部诗歌总集，《诗经》堪称记载先民生活、情感与信仰的"百科全书"，塑造着中国人的精 神底色与审美观念。其中，《豳风·七月》等篇章保存了最古老、最质朴的"年味"记忆。 中新社"东西问"近日专访北京师范大学教授、中国诗经学会会长李山，解读《诗经》中的年味。 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 农闲时节的各种庆典持续至第二年春耕。《诗经·小雅·信( shēn)南山》描写了周代农耕典礼中的开春首 场大戏，即"春耕大典"。春耕开始前，周王要亲自下地，到农田跟万民见面，之后举行典礼，祭祀四方 天地神灵，还要跟大家一起吃顿饭。 中新社记者：子曰："不学诗，无以言。"《诗经》是一部什么样的典籍？ 李山：《诗经》是中国的文学经典，也是文化经典。它收录西周初年至春秋中叶约五百年的诗歌作品 305篇，主题涉及农事、宴饮、战争、婚姻等诸多方面，从草木虫鱼到宗庙祭祀，从田间劳作到宴饮欢 歌，全景式记录了早期中国社会的生活图景与心灵世界。 《 ...

Group 1 - The article reflects on the importance of reading and personal growth through literature, emphasizing that a fulfilling life is achieved by nurturing the mind and spirit through books [1][2][3] - The author highlights a diverse reading journey, starting from children's books to classic literature, showcasing how different genres have influenced personal development and understanding of life [2][3] - The commitment to reading is illustrated by a structured reading plan, with the author aiming to read one book per week and write reflections, demonstrating a disciplined approach to lifelong learning [3] Group 2 - The article contrasts traditional reading methods with modern information consumption, noting that while digital resources have made knowledge more accessible, printed books remain a reliable source for in-depth understanding [3] - The author expresses a desire to continue fostering a love for reading, indicating that the act of reading should become a habitual practice rather than a chore [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the transformative power of reading in shaping individuals' lives and perspectives, highlighting its role in personal growth and cultural understanding [6][18]. Group 1: Importance of Reading - Reading is portrayed as a vital activity that enriches individuals' inner worlds and provides strength in challenging times [10][21]. - The implementation of the "National Reading Promotion Regulations" aims to enhance the legal framework for building a reading society, fostering a culture of reading [6][18]. Group 2: Personal Experiences with Reading - Various authors share their personal journeys, illustrating how reading has influenced their life choices and career paths, such as becoming educators or cultural workers [15][16][19]. - The narratives reflect on the impact of specific books and authors, demonstrating how literature can inspire and guide individuals through different life stages [15][19]. Group 3: Cultural and Historical Context - The evolution of Chinese drama and literature is discussed, showcasing the blend of romanticism and realism throughout history, which has been a source of inspiration for many artists [9][10]. - The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural heritage through reading, as it connects individuals to their roots and broadens their worldview [9][10][19].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the cultural significance of the "Shijing" (Book of Songs) in the context of a farmers' poetry event held in the "Shijing Village" of Hejian City, Hebei Province, emphasizing the village's historical connection to Chinese poetry and its ongoing cultural practices [1][3]. Group 1: Historical Significance - Hejian City is recognized as the birthplace of Chinese poetry, specifically the "Shijing," with a history spanning over 2000 years [3]. - The "Shijing Village" is the only village in China named after the "Shijing," earning the title of "China's First Shijing Village" [3]. - The "Shijing" is the first anthology of Chinese poetry, compiled by Confucius, containing 305 poems from the early Zhou to the middle Spring and Autumn periods [3][4]. Group 2: Cultural Practices - The farmers' poetry event, themed "Thousand-Year Poetic Heart Celebrating Abundance," took place on the 8th day of the lunar month, marking the traditional start of the New Year celebrations [1][2]. - The "Shijing Poetry Society," founded in 2003, has over 380 members, with more than 60% being farmers, showcasing the active participation of local agricultural communities in poetry [5]. - Local farmers frequently engage in spontaneous poetry recitation, reflecting a deep-rooted cultural tradition where poetry is intertwined with daily life [6]. Group 3: Ongoing Legacy - The region continues to celebrate its poetic heritage, with the "Shijing" songs still being sung in various villages, serving as living evidence of the cultural continuity [6]. - The area has been recognized as a "Hometown of Chinese Poetry" since 2006, indicating its significance in the broader context of Chinese literary culture [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article explores the cultural significance of the "Shijing" (Book of Songs) in the village of Shijing, Hebei, highlighting its historical roots and contemporary relevance in poetry and local traditions [1]. Group 1: Historical Context - The name Hejian dates back to the Warring States period, known for its political, economic, cultural, and military importance, often referred to as "the first prefecture of southern Beijing" [1]. - "Shijing" is recognized as the first anthology of Chinese poetry, compiled by Confucius, containing 305 poems from approximately 500 years of history [1]. - The "Mao Shi" version of "Shijing," preserved by the descendants of Mao Heng and Mao Chang, is the only surviving version after the Qin Dynasty's book burning [1]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - The village of Shijing is the only village in China named after "Shijing," often referred to as "the first village of Shijing" [4]. - The "Shijing Poetry Society," founded in 2003, has over 380 members, with more than 60% being farmers, showcasing the local engagement with poetry [4]. - The poetry created by local farmers reflects rural life and traditions, with themes of agriculture and nature prevalent in their works [4]. Group 3: Contemporary Events - A farmer poetry event titled "Thousand-Year Poetic Heart Celebrating Abundant Year" was held in Shijing village, emphasizing the ongoing cultural practices related to "Shijing" [6]. - The ancient tradition of Hejian singing poetry, recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage since 2006, continues to thrive, with songs from "Shijing" still being sung in local villages [6].

Core Viewpoint - The archaeological discoveries at the Haihunhou Tomb in Nanchang provide a new perspective on Han Dynasty civilization, revealing rich historical information and cultural artifacts that enhance understanding of this period in Chinese history [2][9]. Archaeological Discoveries - The Haihunhou Tomb, discovered in 2011, is part of a larger site that includes a well-preserved burial complex with a total area of 46,000 square meters, featuring two main tombs, seven accompanying tombs, and a complete sacrificial system [4]. - Over 10 tons of cash coins and more than 115 kilograms of gold artifacts were found, reflecting the economic strength of the Western Han Dynasty [4]. - The tomb contained a jade seal inscribed with "Liu He," identifying the tomb's occupant as Liu He, a grandson of Emperor Wu, who had a brief reign of 27 days [6][9]. Cultural Significance - The artifacts unearthed, including Confucian classics and personal notes, provide a more nuanced view of Liu He's life, contrasting with historical accounts that label him as indulgent [10][21]. - The discovery of the earliest known portrait of Confucius and other significant texts highlights the cultural and educational practices of the time, serving as tangible evidence of the transmission of Confucian thought [19][22]. Public Engagement and Impact - The "Haihunhou phenomenon" has emerged, indicating a successful public engagement with archaeology, transforming academic findings into cultural experiences accessible to the general public [22]. - The ongoing interest in the Haihunhou Tomb has led to record attendance at exhibitions, demonstrating the public's fascination with historical discoveries [22]. Technological Advancements in Archaeology - Innovative techniques such as high-spectral scanning have been employed in the excavation process, enhancing the preservation and understanding of artifacts [26]. - The integration of laboratory methods in field archaeology has set a precedent for future archaeological practices in China [26][28].

Group 1 - The evolution of Chinese poetry can be categorized into four main forms: four-character, ci and fu, five-character, and seven-character poetry, with notable representatives for each form [1] - The "Nineteen Old Poems" is recognized for its ability to express shared human emotions, reflecting on aspirations and the inevitability of separation, making it a timeless literary work [2] - The distinction between poetry and literature is questioned, emphasizing that poetry transcends mere technical aspects and serves as a means for self-discovery and understanding of human existence [3] Group 2 - The appreciation of ancient Chinese poetry is rooted in traditional critical methods, which are often more impactful than modern lengthy analyses, though understanding these critiques can be challenging due to language barriers [4] - The notion that anyone can engage with poetry, regardless of their literary prowess, is highlighted, suggesting that poetry serves as a medium for personal awakening and connection with others [5]

Core Viewpoint - The importance of reading and its impact on personal development and societal contribution is emphasized, highlighting that reading is essential not only for academic pursuits but also for personal growth and cultural continuity [3][4][5]. Group 1: Importance of Reading - Reading is essential for both scholars and ordinary citizens, as it enriches life and culture [3][4]. - It is stated that reading can change one's temperament and character, as noted by historical figures like Zhu Xi [3][6]. - The act of reading is portrayed as a means to shed undesirable habits and cultivate a refined character [6][9]. Group 2: Personal Experiences and Influences - The speaker shares personal anecdotes about their educational journey and the influence of literature on their life, including early exposure to classical texts [4][23][25]. - The impact of various literary works, including Western literature, on personal development is discussed, indicating a broad appreciation for diverse literary traditions [25][26]. Group 3: Recommended Reading - A list of essential Chinese texts is provided, including "The Analects," "The Book of Songs," and "Records of the Grand Historian," which are deemed crucial for understanding Chinese culture and philosophy [10][11][12][13][14]. - The necessity of reading foreign literature alongside Chinese classics is emphasized, with specific works by philosophers and authors like Plato, Aristotle, and Tolstoy recommended [19][20]. Group 4: Reading Approaches - Different reading methods are suggested, including professional reading for academic purposes and leisurely reading for personal enjoyment, with the latter being encouraged for its enriching benefits [21][22]. - The significance of reading classical texts, such as the Six Classics, is highlighted, advocating for their inclusion in modern education [28].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preserving, inheriting, and utilizing traditional Chinese culture, particularly focusing on the rich cultural heritage of Hebei province, which is integral to the Chinese civilization and national spirit [1]. Group 1: Cultural Heritage - Hebei is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with a history that spans over two million years, showcasing a deep cultural lineage [2]. - The region's geographical position has allowed it to become a cultural corridor, fostering the integration of diverse cultural elements throughout history [2][3]. - The Great Wall and the Grand Canal are significant cultural symbols that have facilitated interaction and cultural exchange between agricultural and nomadic civilizations [3]. Group 2: Artistic Expression - The artistic and architectural imprints of Hebei reflect a blend of various cultural influences, showcasing the region's unique artistic style [4]. - Non-material cultural heritage, such as paper-cutting and traditional crafts, embodies the fusion of agricultural and nomadic artistic elements [4]. Group 3: Revolutionary Spirit - Hebei is recognized as a revolutionary land, having played a crucial role in the history of the Communist Party of China and the development of revolutionary culture [13]. - The region's revolutionary spirit is characterized by resilience and a commitment to the collective struggle for national independence and social justice [14][19]. Group 4: Cultural Development Initiatives - Hebei aims to strengthen its cultural identity by implementing various initiatives, including the protection of cultural heritage sites and the promotion of traditional arts [20][21]. - The province plans to enhance cultural tourism by integrating cultural elements into tourism development, thereby fostering a deeper connection between culture and economic growth [23].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and issues in Chinese literary criticism, particularly the phenomena of "forced interpretation" and "over-interpretation" that arise from the influence of Western literary theories on Chinese literature [1][4]. Group 1: Forced Interpretation - Forced interpretation is defined as a deviation from the text's discourse, where literary texts are interpreted according to the subjective intentions and conclusions of the interpreter, often leading to misinterpretations [2]. - Three characteristics of forced interpretation include: 1. External appropriation, where theories from outside the literary field are forcibly applied, resulting in misinterpretations [2]. 2. Subjective preconception, where the original meaning of the text is ignored, and interpretations are made to fit preconceived notions [2]. 3. Non-logical proof, where reasoning contradicts logical principles, leading to erroneous conclusions [2]. Group 2: Over-Interpretation - Over-interpretation refers to the phenomenon where researchers derive meanings that do not exist in the text based on personal experiences, often leading to exaggerated interpretations [4]. - The article highlights that over-interpretation can lead to absurd conclusions, such as attributing modern psychological concepts to classical literature without proper context [4][5]. Group 3: Differences and Commonalities - The difference between forced interpretation and over-interpretation lies in their approach: forced interpretation uses external theories to validate pre-existing beliefs, while over-interpretation remains within the literary field but stretches meanings beyond the text [5]. - Both phenomena result in a loss of the original essence of literature, moving beyond established meanings [5]. Group 4: Proposed Solutions - The article advocates for a return to "ontological interpretation," which focuses on the text's inherent meaning without preconceived notions, emphasizing a more accurate and objective reading of literature [6]. - It suggests building a unique knowledge system that reflects Chinese characteristics while being open to international perspectives, thus avoiding blind reliance on Western theories [6][7]. - The integration of digital humanities and innovative criticism methods is encouraged to develop a comprehensive model for literary criticism that aligns with contemporary needs [7].