涂 东 其一，当前美国政府与欧盟主流政治精英在更深层次，尤其是价值观层面存在巨大分歧。与此前民主党 政府不同，美方此次对欧盟的"反击"延伸到了更多领域。当前美国政府的行动有两大特征：一是在出面 批评欧盟的人员级别阵容和言辞尖锐程度上都有所提高。包括美国总统本人及副总统、国务卿，还有负 责监管美国互联网接入、电视和广播等通信网络的美国联邦通信委员会的主席等纷纷非常直白地对欧盟 进行公开批评；二是此类批评不仅限于法律的技术性层面，而是深入意识形态层面，突出欧盟"限制言 论自由"等违背美欧"共同价值观"原则的行为。 美国限制签证的举动是其对欧洲发动的价值观攻击的延续。今年2月初，万斯就在慕尼黑安全会议上批 判了欧盟的审查制度，称"（欧盟）领导人曾威胁并胁迫社交媒体公司审查所谓虚假信息......不喜欢持不 同观点的人表达不同的意见"。在最近发布的美国新版国家安全战略报告中，对欧盟当局审查言论自由 和压制反对移民政策的批评很多，还称欧洲的移民政策可能危及欧洲大陆的文明存续。在美国看来，意 识形态和价值观分歧已经成为特朗普政府与欧盟官方最根本的障碍。美国政府似乎将美欧在数字监管、 移民政策等方面的技术性差异，归因于意识 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent statements from EU officials highlight the deepening trade friction between the US and EU regarding digital economy governance, emphasizing the EU's commitment to its "sovereign" digital regulations [1][2]. Group 1: EU Digital Regulations - The EU's Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act are characterized as "sovereign legislation" and will continue to be implemented, covering all digital platforms operating in the EU market [1]. - The EU's regulatory framework applies to any company providing services within the EU, regardless of its headquarters location, indicating a strong stance on jurisdiction [1][2]. - The EU has identified major tech companies like Google, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, and ByteDance as "gatekeepers," with potential fines of up to 20% of global revenue for violations [2]. Group 2: US-EU Trade Relations - The US has expressed concerns over the EU's digital regulations, with President Trump warning of high tariffs and export restrictions on countries implementing discriminatory policies [1][2]. - The EU's digital service tax, which targets revenues from digital services, has been adopted by several European countries with rates typically set between 2% and 3% [1][2]. - The EU has indicated that the digital service tax is a separate issue from US-EU trade agreements, suggesting potential retaliatory measures if trade negotiations fail [3]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The divergence in digital governance reflects deeper economic philosophical differences, with the US favoring minimal regulation and the EU advocating for high standards of protection [2][3]. - The ongoing digital regulatory dispute may complicate the already slow progress of the US-EU trade framework agreement, which faces legislative hurdles [3]. - The struggle for digital governance authority signifies a broader reallocation of power in the global digital economy, with significant implications for international digital governance [3].

Core Viewpoint - The European Union (EU) will continue to enforce its digital legislation, specifically the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act, despite pressure from the United States [1] Group 1: EU Digital Legislation - The EU's digital laws are described as "sovereign legislation" and are applicable to all online platforms operating within the EU [1] - The digital laws are non-discriminatory and do not have extraterritorial effect; they apply to any service provided within the EU, regardless of the company's headquarters [1] Group 2: US Response - U.S. President Trump warned countries implementing digital taxes or regulations against U.S. companies, threatening high additional tariffs on goods imported from those countries unless they withdraw discriminatory measures [1]

Core Points - The European Commission's Executive Vice President for Technology Sovereignty, Hanna Vainio, stated that the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act are considered "sovereign legislation" of the EU, and the EU will continue to enforce these digital laws [1] - Vainio emphasized that the relevant digital laws are non-discriminatory and apply to all online platforms operating within the EU [1] - Vainio also reiterated in a letter to U.S. House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jim Jordan that EU digital legislation does not have extraterritorial effect, but any services provided within the EU will be subject to EU regulations, regardless of the company's headquarters location [1]

Group 1: Canada and US Trade Negotiations - Canada has agreed to cancel its digital services tax to facilitate trade negotiations with the US, which the White House claims is a significant victory for American tech companies [2][3] - The US will "immediately resume" trade talks with Canada following the cancellation of the digital services tax, with a goal to reach an agreement by July 21 [2][3] - The White House attributes this change to President Trump's strong negotiation style and emphasizes the importance of maintaining good trade relations with the US [2][3] Group 2: EU's Position on Digital Legislation - The European Union has stated that its digital legislation, including the Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act, will not be part of the trade negotiations with the US [4] - The EU remains firm on its sovereign decision-making regarding digital legislation and aims to reach a trade agreement with the US by July 9 [4][5] - The US has previously criticized the EU's digital regulations as unfair and has imposed significant fines on American companies for violations [4][5] Group 3: US-Japan Trade Relations - President Trump has expressed dissatisfaction with Japan's refusal to import US rice despite facing a rice shortage, indicating a potential letter to Japan regarding trade [6][7] - Trump has labeled the US-Japan trade relationship as "unfair," highlighting a significant trade deficit and suggesting that Japan should import more US goods [7][8] - The US has imposed a 25% tariff on imported cars, and negotiations with Japan regarding tariffs are ongoing, with a deadline set for July 9 [8]

Core Points - The European Union (EU) is firm on its digital legislation and will not compromise during trade negotiations with the United States [1] - EU Commission spokesperson Thomas Renier stated that the EU's Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act are not on the negotiation table [1] - EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has made it clear that EU's sovereign decisions and legislation will not be altered [1] - The EU is making efforts to reach a trade agreement with the US by July 9 [1]

Group 1 - The US and EU are nearing an agreement on various non-tariff trade disputes, including issues related to forest logging rules and the treatment of US tech companies in Europe, but the outlook on upcoming tariff measures remains unclear [1] - A draft of a "reciprocal trade agreement" indicates preliminary agreements on specific trade issues such as the EU's Digital Markets Act, carbon border tariffs, and shipbuilding [1][2] - The draft does not address any tariff measures threatened or already imposed by Trump, including the previously suspended 20% "reciprocal tariffs" and higher tariffs on specific industries like automobiles and steel [1] Group 2 - The draft agreement includes significant concessions on tech regulation, allowing for dialogue on the implementation of the EU's Digital Markets Act and a temporary exemption from enforcement actions against US companies during negotiations [2] - The EU has previously fined two US companies, Apple and Meta Platforms, under the Digital Markets Act, and the exemption for US companies may weaken the effectiveness of this landmark EU digital law [3] Group 3 - The draft also addresses environmental policy coordination, with the EU postponing the implementation of forest logging regulations by one year, which is not a new measure as it was already decided last year [4] - The US and EU will coordinate on the design and implementation of the carbon border adjustment mechanism, with US products receiving a one-year exemption after the policy is enacted [4] Group 4 - US energy exports to Europe will be exempt from EU methane regulations, and the EU will consider measures to encourage shipbuilding and shipping industry development from market economies [5] - The US and EU will enhance coordination in defense procurement and critical minerals sectors [5]