（来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 彭桓武 中国科学院理论物理研究所供图 回国之初，他先辗转云南大学、清华大学、北京大学任教。新中国成立后，他以前所未有的热情投 入科技事业的发展中。1952年出任中国科学院近代物理研究所副所长，1961年调入二机部九院并担任副 院长。可没过多久，他的名字从学术界彻底消失了——在茫茫戈壁中，已过不惑之年的彭桓武，领导并 参与了原子弹、氢弹的理论研究与设计，是我国核物理理论、中子物理理论与核爆炸理论的重要奠基 人。 多年后，当彭桓武再次出现在公众视野中时，已白发丛生，他的故事这才流传开来。 【人民需要这样的科学家㉕】 2005年6月3日，清华大学大礼堂的讲台前，一位白发苍苍的老人翻开一叠手写的讲义，开始作学术 报告——《广义相对论——一个富于刺激性的理论》。这场报告的前排听众，俱是中国数理学界的泰 斗：周光召、朱光亚、于敏、何泽慧、林家翘、马大猷、吴文俊…… 报告人，是"两弹一星"元勋、理论物理学家、中国科学院院士彭桓武。那一年，他已90岁高龄，却 依然坚守在理论物理研究前沿。 采访报道这次报告会的时候，记者刚参加工作不久。如今，彭桓武和当时许多与会者已作古。但就 在前不久采访一 ...

Group 1 - The event commemorating the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" spirit highlighted the historical significance of China's first atomic bomb and its connection to the early days of nuclear research in China [1][2] - The 221 Base in Qinghai Province is recognized as China's first nuclear weapon research base, where both the atomic and hydrogen bombs were developed [2] - The event featured testimonies from key figures involved in the nuclear program, emphasizing the hardships and dedication of the scientists during the early years of nuclear development [3][4] Group 2 - Significant funding of nearly 1.6 billion yuan has been allocated for the preservation and utilization of the 221 Base's historical sites, reflecting the importance of this heritage [3] - The personal sacrifices and dedication of scientists like Yu Min and Deng Jiaxian were highlighted, showcasing their commitment to the nation's nuclear ambitions despite challenging conditions [4][8] - The legacy of the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" spirit is seen as crucial for inspiring future generations in scientific endeavors and national defense [11][12] Group 3 - The event underscored the need for the younger generation to understand the principles behind scientific advancements, particularly in fields like artificial intelligence, to continue the legacy of innovation [11] - The importance of integrity and truthfulness in scientific work was emphasized, with anecdotes illustrating the moral courage of scientists during politically turbulent times [6][9] - The contributions of the 221 Base personnel are celebrated as foundational to China's national defense and technological independence, reinforcing the value of hard work and dedication [12]

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of the new textbook "There is a 'Nan Rendong Star' in the Sky" in the eighth-grade Chinese language curriculum aims to instill a spirit of scientific pursuit among students by sharing the stories of prominent scientists like Nan Rendong, Yuan Longping, and Deng Jiaxian [1][11]. Group 1: Educational Initiatives - The new curriculum includes activities such as students researching the lives of scientists, writing letters to them, and even staging plays to deepen their understanding of scientific spirit [2][3]. - Schools are encouraged to utilize rich educational resources, allowing students to experience science firsthand through visits to research bases and participation in competitions [3][11]. Group 2: Curriculum Content - The new textbook features stories of contemporary scientific achievements, including the first entry of topics like "China's first entry into its space station" and "the 'Jiaolong' exploring the sea," showcasing China's innovative strength in the global scientific arena [12][13]. - The textbook integrates elements of patriotism, innovation, and dedication, reflecting the rigorous academic spirit of scientists [11][12]. Group 3: Impact on Students - Students express admiration for scientists, recognizing the perseverance and dedication required to achieve scientific breakthroughs, as seen in their reflections after visiting relevant sites [3][9]. - The curriculum aims to shape students' values, fostering a love for science and a sense of national pride, which is crucial for their personal development [3][11].

Core Viewpoint - The introduction of new educational materials featuring stories of prominent scientists aims to instill a sense of scientific spirit and national pride among students, fostering a deeper understanding of the contributions made by these figures to science and society [3][4][6]. Group 1: Educational Initiatives - The new curriculum includes a lesson titled "There is a 'Nan Rendong Star' in the Sky," which highlights the life and achievements of scientist Nan Rendong, emphasizing the importance of scientific exploration and dedication [3][4]. - Schools are implementing various activities to engage students, such as writing letters to scientists and organizing stage plays to further explore the themes of scientific spirit and national service [4][6]. - The curriculum encourages students to appreciate the perseverance and dedication required in scientific endeavors, as exemplified by Nan Rendong's 22-year journey to realize the "China Sky Eye" project [4][5]. Group 2: Field Learning Experiences - Students are participating in hands-on learning experiences at research bases, such as the Yuan Longping Hybrid Rice Science Park, where they gain practical knowledge about agriculture and the significance of scientific advancements in food security [7][8]. - The Yuan Longping Hybrid Rice Science Park has hosted over 60 educational activities this year, reaching approximately 15,000 young people, thereby bridging classroom learning with real-world applications [8]. - The Qinghai Atomic City Memorial Hall provides students with insights into the historical context of China's nuclear development, enhancing their understanding of the contributions made by scientists like Deng Jiaxian [10][11]. Group 3: Impact on Student Values - The educational initiatives aim to cultivate a love for science and a sense of national pride among students, encouraging them to draw inspiration from the stories of scientists [6][7]. - Students express a desire to emulate the qualities of perseverance and dedication demonstrated by the scientists featured in their studies, indicating a positive influence on their personal aspirations [5][11]. - The integration of scientific stories into the curriculum is seen as a way to instill values of hard work and commitment to national development in the younger generation [6][10].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolving public opinion on nuclear weapons, particularly in the United States, highlighting a significant shift towards opposition against their use, as well as the efforts of the Japan Atomic Bomb Survivors Association to advocate for nuclear disarmament and recognition of the suffering caused by nuclear warfare [2][8]. Group 1: Public Opinion on Nuclear Weapons - In 1945, 53% of Americans supported the use of atomic bombs on multiple cities, a sentiment strongly defended by then-President Truman [7]. - Recent surveys indicate a dramatic change, with only 19% of Americans supporting the use of atomic bombs in 2024, and 36% believing that no atomic bomb should ever be used, marking a 32 percentage point increase from 1945 [8]. - The shift in opinion is particularly pronounced among younger generations, who are increasingly vocal against the use of nuclear weapons [8]. Group 2: Advocacy for Nuclear Disarmament - The Japan Atomic Bomb Survivors Association is intensifying its efforts to gain international recognition and support for nuclear disarmament, aiming for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2024 [4]. - During a recent event, representatives from the association emphasized the inhumanity of nuclear weapons and called for global discussions on their elimination [4][5]. - The association's advocacy is supported by a growing international sentiment against nuclear weapons, with surveys showing that 40-50% of respondents in several countries believe nuclear weapons should be abolished [9]. Group 3: Media and Historical Context - The reporting on nuclear bombings has evolved over the years, with increasing depth and quality in coverage, reflecting a persistent global concern about nuclear warfare [10]. - Research indicates that the number of survivors and their testimonies is dwindling, raising concerns about the future of nuclear disarmament advocacy and the transmission of historical memory [10].