Core Viewpoint - The keynote speech by Zhang Chaoyang, founder and CEO of Sohu, focuses on the exploration of the solar system and its implications for human civilization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the laws governing the solar system as a key to understanding humanity's past and future [3][4]. Group 1: Solar System Exploration - The solar system operates under specific laws, and understanding these laws is crucial for humanity [4]. - Zhang Chaoyang describes the solar system as a "home" that is both distant and close, highlighting the need for exploration and understanding [4]. - The speech is characterized as a "archaeology" of the solar system, using Newton's laws as foundational principles to explore celestial mechanics [4][5]. Group 2: Human Advancement in Space - The development of AI and aerospace technology is propelling humanity towards a "multi-planet civilization" [3]. - Zhang outlines three key stages for human exploration beyond Earth: the escape phase dominated by Earth's gravity, the Hohmann transfer phase dominated by the Sun's gravity, and the capture phase dominated by Mars' gravity [6]. - The concept of Lagrange points is introduced as stable locations for deploying scientific instruments, such as the Webb Telescope [6]. Group 3: Educational Impact and Media Strategy - Zhang emphasizes the value of learning physics, which aids in understanding both macro phenomena like global warming and everyday experiences [9]. - The physics course has conducted 270 live sessions over four years, accumulating over 26,000 minutes of online content, contributing significantly to the knowledge base [9]. - The integration of traditional teaching with new media is seen as a meaningful approach to disseminating knowledge in the current digital age [9].

金星、木星、水星、火星、土星、天王星、海王星以及人类生活的地球——对于我们熟知的太阳系八大 行星，你是否尝试过用数理公式深入理解它们的运动轨迹和物理特性？ 在这场特别的跨年演讲中，我们将循着科学的轨迹，探寻太阳系行星运转的定律与奇观；重温从经典物 理到现代天体物理的认知征程；并在无垠的宇宙坐标中，重新审视人类的位置与探索的使命。 四年时间过去，《张朝阳的物理课》已开展270余场直播课、30多堂线下课，累计在线时长突破26,000 分钟，让深奥的物理理论回归生活，也让大众认识到"万物皆物理，处处是物理"。 明天22:00，搜狐创始人、董事局主席兼首席执行官、物理学博士张朝阳将以"我们所居住的太阳系"为 主题，硬核开启2026跨年演讲。这一次，他将带我们坐着思想的飞船，从太阳附近出发，去访问水金地 火木土星，与广大网友一起硬核推导太阳系的基本参数，展示数学与物理之美。届时，搜狐视频关注流 账号"张朝阳"将进行全程直播，诚邀大家共同在跨年之夜仰望星空，思考宇宙。 当我们仰望苍穹，或许会心生疑惑：在这浩渺无垠的宇宙之中，是否存在与地球相仿的星球，是否孕育 着神秘的地外生命？宇宙之辽阔，远超我们的想象，可观测的宇宙直径 ...

（来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 彭桓武 中国科学院理论物理研究所供图 回国之初，他先辗转云南大学、清华大学、北京大学任教。新中国成立后，他以前所未有的热情投 入科技事业的发展中。1952年出任中国科学院近代物理研究所副所长，1961年调入二机部九院并担任副 院长。可没过多久，他的名字从学术界彻底消失了——在茫茫戈壁中，已过不惑之年的彭桓武，领导并 参与了原子弹、氢弹的理论研究与设计，是我国核物理理论、中子物理理论与核爆炸理论的重要奠基 人。 多年后，当彭桓武再次出现在公众视野中时，已白发丛生，他的故事这才流传开来。 【人民需要这样的科学家㉕】 2005年6月3日，清华大学大礼堂的讲台前，一位白发苍苍的老人翻开一叠手写的讲义，开始作学术 报告——《广义相对论——一个富于刺激性的理论》。这场报告的前排听众，俱是中国数理学界的泰 斗：周光召、朱光亚、于敏、何泽慧、林家翘、马大猷、吴文俊…… 报告人，是"两弹一星"元勋、理论物理学家、中国科学院院士彭桓武。那一年，他已90岁高龄，却 依然坚守在理论物理研究前沿。 采访报道这次报告会的时候，记者刚参加工作不久。如今，彭桓武和当时许多与会者已作古。但就 在前不久采访一 ...

《归来仍是少年：杨振宁传》：林开亮著，张婷婷绘； 湖南教育出版社、中信出版社出版。 若干年以后，世人会怎样看待物理学家杨振宁和李政道关于宇称不守恒的工作呢？可以参考物理学家费 曼对16世纪数学家塔尔塔利亚发现三次方程求根公式的评论："这是欧洲数学最重要的进展，证明了现 代人可以做到古希腊人做不到的事情。在心理上的重大意义是，激发出信心，有助于文艺复兴运动兴 起，让欧洲人不再一味模仿古人。" 观念和原理的主要源泉"。杨先生的话，也让我想起物理学家伽利略，他曾说"大自然这本书是用数学语 言写成的"。 1953年3月14日，爱因斯坦74岁生日。生日宴会前，举行了一个简短的记者招待会。招待会上，爱因斯 坦收到一份问题清单，清单上的最后一个问题是："对于一个希望从事科学事业的学生，你要向他提出 怎样的建议呢？"爱因斯坦回答说："建议是很难有什么帮助的，只有榜样的激励支持，才能有所帮 助。" 杨振宁就是榜样。如他自己所说，他一生最重要的贡献，是帮助中国人改变了在科学上觉得自己不如人 的心理。 1986年，杨振宁接受记者采访时感慨："这七八年的变化，使我感受到一个新的时代就要来临，中国经 济的发展也必然会带来教育方式上的一 ...

Core Viewpoint - The founder and CEO of Sohu, Zhang Chaoyang, emphasizes the importance of personal understanding and derivation of formulas in the age of AI, suggesting that while AI can assist in repetitive calculations, true comprehension requires individual effort and thought [1][3]. Group 1 - Zhang Chaoyang advocates for the necessity of personal research and understanding of physics, stating that relying solely on AI for answers diminishes critical thinking [3]. - The approach of hands-on calculation in physics education is highlighted as essential for grasping the core principles and logic of the subject, rather than indulging in superficial understanding [3]. - Zhang notes that physics serves as a rich source of mathematical inspiration, citing historical examples such as Newton's invention of calculus and Einstein's use of differential geometry in formulating the theory of relativity [3]. Group 2 - The discussion includes the assertion that mastering certain mathematical concepts is beneficial for understanding physical systems, which often involve differentiation and integration [3].

Core Insights - The live broadcast "Zhang Chaoyang's Physics Class" celebrated its fourth anniversary, focusing on the theme of expressing differential geometry through vector calculus [1][3] - Zhang Chaoyang, the founder and CEO of Sohu, initiated the physics class out of personal interest and curiosity, leading to significant improvements in his theoretical physics knowledge [1][5] Group 1: Educational Approach - The course utilizes vector calculus as a starting point to make the abstract concepts of differential geometry more accessible to beginners [3][5] - Zhang emphasizes the importance of hands-on calculation in understanding physics, arguing that true comprehension comes from personal engagement with the material [5][6] Group 2: Course Impact and Reach - Since its inception, "Zhang Chaoyang's Physics Class" has aired 265 episodes, accumulating over 26,322.82 minutes of online content, covering topics from Einstein's famous equation E=mc² to cutting-edge theories in quantum field theory and string theory [5][6] - The program has expanded its influence beyond live broadcasts by publishing a series of popular science books and engaging with students at prestigious universities like Tsinghua [6][7] Group 3: Personal Development and Lifelong Learning - Zhang Chaoyang shares his personal journey of learning and teaching, suggesting that individuals can learn at any stage of life and should actively engage in the learning process [7]

Core Points - The article discusses the concept of dimensional reduction in physics, illustrating how theories evolve from higher dimensions to lower dimensions, ultimately affecting human understanding of the universe [1][2][3] Group 1: Dimensional Reduction Theories - The first layer is M-theory, which operates in 11 dimensions and reduces to string theory through various projections [4] - The second layer is string theory, which exists in 10 dimensions and includes 3D space, 1D time, and 6D Calabi-Yau manifolds, influencing the types of fundamental particles and physical constants in the universe [5][6] - The third layer is General Relativity, which reduces from string theory in low-energy limits and connects to the concept of gravitons [9] Group 2: Further Reductions - General Relativity can further reduce to Special Relativity under conditions of flat spacetime and no gravity [10] - Special Relativity reduces to Newtonian mechanics when objects are moving at speeds much lower than the speed of light [11] - Newtonian mechanics is described in a 3+1 dimensional framework, emphasizing the complexity of truly understanding it [12] Group 3: Quantum Field Theory - Quantum Field Theory, considered a fourth layer, is composed of Quantum Yang-Mills theory, Higgs mechanism, and fermionic field theory [14] - Under certain conditions, Quantum Field Theory can reduce to Quantum Electrodynamics [15] - Quantum Electrodynamics can further reduce to Maxwell's equations in low-energy and non-relativistic limits [16][17] Group 4: Historical Context and Challenges - The article highlights the historical significance of Yang-Mills theory and its revival after being initially dismissed, showcasing the complexity of applying classical theories to quantum contexts [18][19] - It also discusses the contributions of mathematicians like Hilbert and their impact on the development of theories in physics, contrasting them with physicists like Einstein [20][21]

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the life and contributions of Yang Zhenning, a renowned physicist and Nobel laureate, highlighting his impact on science and education in China, as well as his personal philosophy and dedication to his homeland [3][4][12]. Group 1: Life and Achievements - Yang Zhenning was born on October 1, 1922, in Hefei, Anhui, and showed exceptional mathematical talent from a young age, influenced by his father's academic background [5][6]. - He studied at National Southwestern Associated University during a tumultuous period, where he developed a deep appreciation for the works of prominent physicists like Einstein and Fermi [7]. - Yang Zhenning achieved significant academic milestones in the United States, including the development of the Yang-Mills theory in 1954 and the discovery of parity violation in 1956, which established him as a leading physicist [7][9]. Group 2: Contributions to China - After winning the Nobel Prize, Yang Zhenning returned to China in 1971, becoming a key figure in fostering academic exchanges and rebuilding the scientific community [10][11]. - He played a crucial role in establishing over 60 top physics laboratories in China, significantly enhancing the country's research capabilities and nurturing numerous scientific talents [12]. - Yang Zhenning's philanthropic efforts included founding the "Science Exploration Award" and supporting Chinese scholars to study abroad, demonstrating his commitment to advancing science in China [11][12]. Group 3: Personal Philosophy and Legacy - Yang Zhenning emphasized the importance of character and style in scientific work, believing that a scientist's personal qualities significantly influence their contributions [13][14]. - He maintained a rigorous work ethic well into his later years, dedicating time to teaching and research in fields like high-temperature superconductivity and quantum computing [14][16]. - His reflections on life and science reveal a deep appreciation for the mysteries of the universe and a humble acknowledgment of humanity's place within it [16].

Core Concept - The article discusses the theoretical concept of white holes, which are the opposite of black holes, and explores their potential existence and implications in the universe [1][2][5]. Group 1: Black Holes - Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses within a critical radius, creating a region from which nothing, not even light, can escape [3]. - The existence of black holes was once doubted, but observational evidence since 1971 has confirmed their presence in the universe [3][4]. - The first image of a supermassive black hole was released in 2019, providing visual evidence of their existence [3]. Group 2: White Holes - White holes theoretically expel matter and energy, preventing anything from entering, and are mathematically related to black holes, differing only in the direction of time [3][4]. - There is currently no observational evidence for the existence of white holes, and some scientists question their formation mechanisms [5]. - Some theories suggest that white holes could explain certain cosmic phenomena, such as the energy output of quasars or the origin of the universe itself [5]. Group 3: Theoretical Implications - Theories propose that black holes and white holes may be connected by wormholes, allowing for the possibility of interstellar travel [4]. - A new hypothesis suggests that when matter is compressed in a black hole, it could undergo a quantum rebound, potentially transforming into a white hole [6]. - If this theory holds true, every black hole in the universe could eventually become a white hole [6]. Group 4: Future Prospects - There is hope that white holes may one day be discovered, potentially opening a gateway to deeper exploration of the universe [7].

Group 1 - The article discusses the theoretical concept of white holes, which are considered the opposite of black holes, expelling matter and energy instead of absorbing them [2][3]. - Black holes were once doubted in their existence until observational evidence, such as the detection of a black hole in the Cygnus X-1 system in 1971, confirmed their presence [2][3]. - The mathematical relationship between black holes and white holes suggests that they share the same properties, with the only difference being the direction of time [2][3]. Group 2 - There is currently no observational evidence supporting the existence of white holes, and some scientists argue that there is no reasonable mechanism for their formation [4]. - Some theories propose that white holes could explain certain cosmic phenomena, such as the energy output of quasars or even the origin of the universe, but these ideas lack observational support [4]. - A new hypothesis suggests that black holes could transform into white holes through a process of quantum rebound when matter is compressed to its limits, potentially allowing every black hole in the universe to become a white hole in the future [5].