岁末回望，星河璀璨。2025年，中国科技以"极限"为尺，丈量认知疆域。 我们不仅是凝视星空的梦想家，更是重构物质、对话幽灵粒子、破译生命密码的创造者。这一年，中国 智慧以一系列原创性、颠覆性的重大突破，在宇宙、物质、生命与信息的秩序中，刻下了鲜明的中国印 记。不仅为中国高质量发展注入澎湃动能，也为全人类的文明进步贡献不可磨灭的东方力量。 星辰大海，逐梦前行。 ——编者 回望2025年，"人造太阳"的束流瞬间点亮，承载起人类探索"终极能源"的梦想；光电融合通信芯片问 世，为6G奠定了硬件基础；航天员安全往返天地间、国家太空实验室运行良好，飞天逐梦步履不停； 大桥飞架、高铁奔驰，远程手术隔空"操刀"、"云端教室"赋能山村课堂，民生保障更加有力；人工智 能、生物医药、机器人等一批标志性科技产品惊艳世界，24个全球创新集群入围全球百强，中国的创新 实力、综合竞争力得到越来越多的认可…… 放眼神州大地，以创新为主要引领和支撑的经济体系和发展模式正在形成，以科技创新为核心的全面创 新正在加快推进。这一年，在科技强国的征程上，我们又交出了一份令人满意的答卷。 原始创新标志性成果涌现，拓展认知边界 人们常用"薄如蝉翼"来形容 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the successful implementation and ongoing development of the Meridian Project, which focuses on monitoring and forecasting space weather to ensure the safety of spacecraft and the stability of high-tech systems [1][3]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Meridian Project, officially known as the "Ground-based Comprehensive Monitoring Network for Space Environment," aims to monitor changes in the solar-terrestrial environment and enhance China's capabilities in space weather research and application [3][4]. - The project has established a comprehensive monitoring network consisting of 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, making it the most extensive and capable ground-based monitoring network for space environment internationally [4][5]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project has faced challenges in acquiring large equipment and advanced technologies, leading to increased efforts in independent research and development [2]. - Innovations include the development of a large-aperture laser radar system in Hainan, which utilizes metastable helium atoms to monitor the upper atmosphere over thousands of kilometers [2]. Group 3: Future Plans - The project aims to implement the International Meridian Circle Scientific Program, establishing a complete monitoring chain from 120 degrees East to 60 degrees West, facilitating all-latitude and all-weather observations of the solar-terrestrial environment [5]. - The goal is to provide scientific support for global responses to space weather disasters and the peaceful utilization of outer space [5].

Core Insights - The "Ziwuyuan Project" has significantly improved China's capabilities in space weather monitoring and research, directly impacting the safety of spacecraft and high-tech systems [1][4]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Ziwuyuan Project, officially known as the "Ground-based Comprehensive Monitoring Network for Space Environment," aims to monitor changes in the solar-terrestrial environment and enhance China's research and application capabilities in space weather [4]. - The project consists of 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, making it the most comprehensive ground-based monitoring network for space environment globally [4]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project has developed a unique monitoring architecture characterized by a complete observation chain from the sun to the Earth's surface, a "three-network" layout, and a focus on four key regions [1][4]. - Innovations include the development of a large aperture laser radar system to monitor the upper atmosphere, showcasing the team's ability to adapt and optimize technology in challenging conditions [2]. Group 3: Future Plans - The project aims to implement the International Ziwuyuan Grand Scientific Plan, establishing a global space environment monitoring network and enhancing the project's role in various applications [3][4]. - Future efforts will focus on improving data processing software for large monitoring devices and expanding the monitoring capabilities to provide comprehensive observations of the solar-terrestrial environment [3].

Core Insights - The "Ziwuyuan Project" has significantly improved China's capabilities in space weather monitoring and research, directly impacting the safety of spacecraft and high-tech systems [2][5]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Ziwuyuan Project aims to monitor changes in the solar-terrestrial space environment, providing support for space weather research and real-time forecasting [4][5]. - The project consists of a comprehensive monitoring network with 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, making it the most extensive and capable ground-based monitoring network internationally [5]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project has developed a unique monitoring architecture characterized by a complete observation chain from the sun's surface to the Earth's surface, and a "three-network" layout for electromagnetic, middle and upper atmosphere, and ionosphere monitoring [2][3]. - Innovations include the use of a large aperture laser radar system to monitor the upper atmosphere, which was optimized through team collaboration and experimentation [3]. Group 3: Future Plans - The project will continue to implement the International Ziwuyuan Grand Science Plan, aiming to establish a comprehensive monitoring chain from 120°E to 60°W, facilitating all-weather observations of the solar-terrestrial environment [6]. - The goal is to enhance global responses to space weather disasters and promote peaceful utilization of outer space [6].

Core Insights - The Meridian Project Phase II, a significant national scientific infrastructure for space environment monitoring, has officially entered operation after passing national acceptance in March 2023, achieving multiple original results since then [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - The Meridian Project consists of 96 monitoring stations and 282 monitoring devices, providing real-time data from space [1] - The project aims to study irregular structures in the ionosphere, which significantly impact radio communication and satellite navigation systems [1][2] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The project has made important advancements in understanding mesoscale ionospheric disturbances and polar flow evolution in the auroral region [1] - Research on ionospheric irregular structures is crucial for improving the accuracy of the BeiDou navigation system and other communication systems [2] Group 3: International Collaboration - The International Meridian Circle Scientific Program was initiated to establish a comprehensive monitoring network across longitudes, aiming for global integration of multidisciplinary observations of the space environment [2] - The program is currently in the proposal verification stage, with expectations for completion soon, enhancing continuous observation capabilities between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres [2]