转自：中国科学报 1月24日，第六届中国大地测量与地球物理学学术大会（下文简称第六届CCGG大会）在上海开幕。本 届大会主题为"地球科学与气候变化"，议题覆盖冰冻圈、大气科学、地震学等八大领域。 来自不同领域的学者齐聚，不仅交流学科发展，也探讨将不同学科交叉融合并服务于探测地球资源、减 轻地球自然灾害、改善和保护地球环境、助力社会经济可持续发展等社会发展需要。 大会期间，中国科学院院士、中国科学院国家空间科学中心主任王赤接受媒体采访。以下是主要采访内 容。 空间科学可以激发更多年轻一代投入科学研究 问：地球科学是典型的交叉学科，覆盖许多不同分支学科。空间科学同样是一门交叉学科，对于其他领 域与技术的发展起到了哪些带动作用？ 我们现在的认知是，太阳系中，只有地球上有生命现象，有人类这样高等的智慧生物。同时，现在基本 可以肯定，月球上没有生命现象。 王赤： 确实，空间科学不是一个独立的学科，而是一个交叉学科。过去几十年间，空间科学的发展，极大促进 了多个学科的发展。 人们首先想到的是天文学研究。由于大气层阻挡，很多波段在地面是看不见的，因此不少天文台都建在 了空气相对稀薄一些的高山上。但即便是珠穆朗玛峰，也不过8 ...

Core Insights - In 2025, China made significant technological breakthroughs across various fields, contributing to high-quality development and global progress in civilization [1][2] Group 1: Technological Innovations - The "artificial sun" achieved a world record of 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, marking a significant step in nuclear fusion research [9] - The successful launch of the Tianwen-2 probe initiated China's first asteroid exploration mission, enhancing capabilities in deep space exploration [10] - The DeepSeek AI model broke traditional paths by optimizing algorithms to achieve top performance with limited computing power, promoting an open ecosystem for global developers [7] Group 2: Scientific Research Achievements - The first large-area production of two-dimensional metal materials was achieved, marking a new frontier in material science [3] - Research on lunar samples from the far side of the moon revealed new insights into its geological history, challenging previous understandings [4] - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment (JUNO) achieved a measurement precision 1.5 to 1.8 times better than the previous international standard, advancing the study of neutrinos [4] Group 3: Economic Impact and Industry Development - The integration of AI technologies across various sectors, including healthcare and transportation, is driving high-quality development and enhancing productivity [12][14] - The approval of 69 innovative drugs in 2025 set a new record, reflecting the rapid advancement in the pharmaceutical industry [13] - The promotion of carbon capture technology in the cement industry and digital transformation in the steel industry are part of a broader shift towards sustainable practices [14] Group 4: Strategic Initiatives - The establishment of a comprehensive innovation system is underway, with a focus on self-reliance in technology and the cultivation of new productive forces [15] - The development of advanced technologies such as brain-computer interfaces and quantum computing is positioning China as a leader in these fields [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the successful implementation and ongoing development of the Meridian Project, which focuses on monitoring and forecasting space weather to ensure the safety of spacecraft and the stability of high-tech systems [1][3]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Meridian Project, officially known as the "Ground-based Comprehensive Monitoring Network for Space Environment," aims to monitor changes in the solar-terrestrial environment and enhance China's capabilities in space weather research and application [3][4]. - The project has established a comprehensive monitoring network consisting of 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, making it the most extensive and capable ground-based monitoring network for space environment internationally [4][5]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project has faced challenges in acquiring large equipment and advanced technologies, leading to increased efforts in independent research and development [2]. - Innovations include the development of a large-aperture laser radar system in Hainan, which utilizes metastable helium atoms to monitor the upper atmosphere over thousands of kilometers [2]. Group 3: Future Plans - The project aims to implement the International Meridian Circle Scientific Program, establishing a complete monitoring chain from 120 degrees East to 60 degrees West, facilitating all-latitude and all-weather observations of the solar-terrestrial environment [5]. - The goal is to provide scientific support for global responses to space weather disasters and the peaceful utilization of outer space [5].

Core Insights - The "Ziwuyuan Project" has significantly improved China's capabilities in space weather monitoring and research, directly impacting the safety of spacecraft and high-tech systems [1][4]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Ziwuyuan Project, officially known as the "Ground-based Comprehensive Monitoring Network for Space Environment," aims to monitor changes in the solar-terrestrial environment and enhance China's research and application capabilities in space weather [4]. - The project consists of 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, making it the most comprehensive ground-based monitoring network for space environment globally [4]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project has developed a unique monitoring architecture characterized by a complete observation chain from the sun to the Earth's surface, a "three-network" layout, and a focus on four key regions [1][4]. - Innovations include the development of a large aperture laser radar system to monitor the upper atmosphere, showcasing the team's ability to adapt and optimize technology in challenging conditions [2]. Group 3: Future Plans - The project aims to implement the International Ziwuyuan Grand Scientific Plan, establishing a global space environment monitoring network and enhancing the project's role in various applications [3][4]. - Future efforts will focus on improving data processing software for large monitoring devices and expanding the monitoring capabilities to provide comprehensive observations of the solar-terrestrial environment [3].

Core Insights - The "Ziwuyuan Project" has significantly improved China's capabilities in space weather monitoring and research, directly impacting the safety of spacecraft and high-tech systems [2][5]. Group 1: Project Overview - The Ziwuyuan Project aims to monitor changes in the solar-terrestrial space environment, providing support for space weather research and real-time forecasting [4][5]. - The project consists of a comprehensive monitoring network with 31 stations and 282 monitoring devices, making it the most extensive and capable ground-based monitoring network internationally [5]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The project has developed a unique monitoring architecture characterized by a complete observation chain from the sun's surface to the Earth's surface, and a "three-network" layout for electromagnetic, middle and upper atmosphere, and ionosphere monitoring [2][3]. - Innovations include the use of a large aperture laser radar system to monitor the upper atmosphere, which was optimized through team collaboration and experimentation [3]. Group 3: Future Plans - The project will continue to implement the International Ziwuyuan Grand Science Plan, aiming to establish a comprehensive monitoring chain from 120°E to 60°W, facilitating all-weather observations of the solar-terrestrial environment [6]. - The goal is to enhance global responses to space weather disasters and promote peaceful utilization of outer space [6].

Core Insights - The Meridian Project Phase II, a significant national scientific infrastructure for space environment monitoring, has officially entered operation after passing national acceptance in March 2023, achieving multiple original results since then [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - The Meridian Project consists of 96 monitoring stations and 282 monitoring devices, providing real-time data from space [1] - The project aims to study irregular structures in the ionosphere, which significantly impact radio communication and satellite navigation systems [1][2] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The project has made important advancements in understanding mesoscale ionospheric disturbances and polar flow evolution in the auroral region [1] - Research on ionospheric irregular structures is crucial for improving the accuracy of the BeiDou navigation system and other communication systems [2] Group 3: International Collaboration - The International Meridian Circle Scientific Program was initiated to establish a comprehensive monitoring network across longitudes, aiming for global integration of multidisciplinary observations of the space environment [2] - The program is currently in the proposal verification stage, with expectations for completion soon, enhancing continuous observation capabilities between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres [2]