Group 1: Space Life Science Experiments - The eighth batch of scientific samples from the Chinese space station includes 25 experimental projects, weighing approximately 37.25 kilograms, covering fields such as space life science, materials science, and new technologies [1] - The returned life science samples consist of 20 categories, including bone cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, early embryos of humans and animals, protein samples, and fruit flies, marking the largest variety of biological samples in the space station's application and development phase [1][2] Group 2: Research and Analysis Plans - Scientists will conduct morphological detection, cell lineage analysis, structural analysis, and multi-omics analysis on the returned samples, focusing on mechanisms affecting bone loss, stem cell growth in microgravity, and early embryonic development under space conditions [2] - The research results are expected to provide data and theoretical support for human health both in space and on Earth [2] Group 3: Space Materials Science Experiments - The materials science samples, which will be transported back to Beijing, include 22 types across 4 categories, such as tungsten-based ultra-high temperature alloys and high-strength steel [3] - Future analyses will investigate the effects of microgravity on material growth, composition segregation, solidification defects, and performance, supporting the design of new high-performance alloys and large-sized crystals [3] - The research aims to advance the manufacturing and application of critical materials for next-generation aerospace turbine blades, nano-electronic devices, and flexible solar sails, providing a theoretical foundation for future deep space exploration and human space activities [3]

Core Points - The eighth batch of space science experiment samples has successfully returned to Earth with the Shenzhou 19 crew, involving 25 experimental projects across various fields [1][3] - The total weight of the returned samples is approximately 37.25 kilograms [3] Group 1: Life Science Experiments - The delivered samples primarily consist of life science experiments, including bone cells, bronchial epithelial cells, early embryos of humans and animals, protein samples, and fruit flies, totaling 20 categories [6][8] - These life science samples were prioritized for transport due to their biological activity requirements, marking the largest variety of biological samples returned from the space station [6] Group 2: Fruit Fly Experiments - A notable experiment involved fruit flies that successfully bred in space, achieving "four generations" under microgravity and low magnetic field conditions [11][15] - Fruit flies are significant model organisms in genetic research, with 75% of human disease genes having homologs in fruit flies, contributing to six Nobel Prizes in related studies [13] Group 3: Material Science Experiments - The materials science samples, including high-strength steel and lunar soil reinforcement materials, will be transported back to Beijing for further research [19] - The ongoing research aims to provide important theoretical foundations and technical support for future deep space exploration and human space activities [19]

记者从中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心获悉，中国空间站未来将迎来新生命体——涡虫，参与空间科 学实验。 据了解，涡虫是一种拥有强大再生能力的扁形动物，其生命历程已经超过5.2亿年，是生物学研究中常用的动 物实验材料之一。涡虫的组织修复能力十分惊人，即使断成两截后，两边仍可再生出新的肌肉、皮肤、肠道， 甚至完整的大脑，而且这种再生可以无限地进行下去。 研究涡虫对研究人类细胞克服老化、延缓衰老等具有重要意义。未来，中国空间站将利用"生命生态实验 柜"的"小型通用生物培养模块"，研究空间环境对涡虫再生形态发生、生理行为的具体影响，探索空间环境影 响涡虫再生的分子基础，加深人们对再生机制的理解。 此前，两种模式动物斑马鱼和果蝇已经在中国空间站参与空间科学实验。 斑马鱼是一种小型的热带淡水鱼，它的基因组和人类基因组有高达70%以上的相似度，是开展生命科学、健康 科学、环境科学研究的重要模式动物。2024年4月，神舟十八号携带4条斑马鱼和4克金鱼藻进入中国空间站开 展在轨实验。通过斑马鱼，科研人员重点研究微重力对脊椎动物肌肉和骨骼的蛋白质造成的影响。 果蝇是一种成熟稳定的模式动物，人类对果蝇开展的研究已有百年历史。202 ...