2025年中国空间站空间应用系统交出"亮眼成绩单" 中新网北京1月9日电 (记者 孙自法)新增在轨项目31个、上行科学物资逾860公斤、下行空间科学实验样 品近84公斤、获取科学数据超150TB、授权专利超50项…… 中国载人航天工程空间应用系统总体单位——中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心(空间应用中心)1月9 日向媒体通报，2025年空间应用系统在中国空间站开展的空间科学、应用实验与技术试验项目进展顺 利、成果丰硕，交出了一份"亮眼成绩单"。 空间亚磁-微重力复合环境果蝇培养及生物学效应研究体系。中国科学院空间应用中心 供图 中国科学院空间应用中心介绍，通过持续建设与优化，中国空间站已形成覆盖空间生命科学与人体研 究、微重力物理科学、空间新技术与应用等多领域的科学设施，为核心科学任务的实施提供关键保障。 2025年，空间应用系统新增在轨实施科学与应用项目31个，上行实验模块、单元及样品等科学物资约 867.5公斤，下行空间科学实验样品83.92公斤，获取科学数据超过150TB，各领域科学团队深度挖掘诸 多领域方向，着力攻克系列重大科学命题，产出系列原创性、前沿性、创新性的进展与成果，授权专利 超过50项。 ...

Core Insights - The recent press conference by the National Space Science Center of China highlighted significant advancements in space science, focusing on the origins of the universe, space weather, and life [2][8] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" will implement the Space Exploration Science Satellite Program, which includes four major missions aimed at achieving breakthroughs in understanding the dark ages of the universe, solar magnetic activity cycles, and exoplanet detection [2][8] Group 1: Satellite Missions and Achievements - Since the launch of the Space Science Pilot Project in 2011, eight scientific satellite missions have been completed, achieving "China's first" and even "world's first" breakthroughs in various fields [3] - The "Wukong" satellite, launched in December 2015, has provided the most precise secondary cosmic ray boron energy spectrum in the TeV/n range, aiding in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation [4] - The "Huiyan" satellite, launched in June 2017, has made significant contributions to understanding black hole accretion bursts and neutron star surface nuclear burning [5] - The "Huairou-1" satellite, launched in December 2020, discovered new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts and provided insights into the radiation environment near Earth [6] - The "Kuafu-1" satellite, launched in October 2022, revealed a lower-than-expected correlation rate between high-energy C-class flares and coronal mass ejections, offering new insights into solar eruptions [7] - The "Tianguan" satellite, launched in January 2024, has detected 165 significant X-ray transient sources, contributing to the understanding of X-ray phenomena in the galaxy [7] Group 2: Future Missions and Goals - The "Hongmeng Plan" aims to capture weak signals from the early universe using a low-frequency radio telescope array consisting of ten satellites [9] - The "Kuafu-2" mission will explore solar magnetic activity and its relationship with solar wind, enhancing understanding of the Earth-sun relationship [9] - The Exoplanet Survey Satellite will search for Earth-like planets in habitable zones, referred to as "Earth 2.0" [9] - The Enhanced X-ray Time-Variable and Polarization Space Observatory will study extreme conditions in the universe, such as black hole event horizons and neutron star surfaces [9] Group 3: Overall Impact and Development - The Space Science Pilot Project has demonstrated a strong development trend in China's space science, achieving breakthroughs across multiple dimensions [10] - The project has led to advancements in satellite technology and international collaboration, enhancing China's influence in global space science [10] - The transition from "catching up" to "keeping pace" and now to "leading" in certain areas reflects the growing importance of China's space science satellite cluster in exploring the unknown universe [10]

Core Insights - The core focus of the news is the significant breakthroughs achieved by China's space science satellite missions, highlighting the advancements in space science and technology during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1][2]. Group 1: Achievements and Breakthroughs - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," and "Mozi," resulting in major original achievements and several firsts for China and the world [1]. - The "Wukong" satellite has made a notable discovery by identifying a hardening structure in the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei, achieving precise measurements in the energy range above 1 trillion electron volts per hertz [1]. Group 2: Future Plans - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will implement the space exploration scientific satellite plan, which includes projects like the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu-2," aiming for breakthroughs in areas such as the cosmic dark age and exoplanet detection [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences' National Space Science Center has announced significant breakthroughs in space science through various satellite missions, marking a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation and research capabilities [6][7]. Group 1: Achievements and Developments - The Space Science Pilot Project, initiated in 2011, has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and setting multiple records in China and globally [7]. - The project has expanded scientific research into four extreme areas: macro, micro, extreme conditions, and interdisciplinary integration, leading to significant advancements in technology and talent development [7]. - The project has established a new task system combining chief scientists and engineering leads, fostering a new generation of innovative researchers [7]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The "Smile" satellite represents the first deep collaboration project between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the European Space Agency, showcasing a comprehensive partnership in space science [8]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite, led by China, involves participation from the European Space Agency, Germany, and France, marking a significant collaborative effort in Chinese space science missions [8]. Group 3: Scientific Discoveries - The "Tian Guan" satellite has discovered a new type of X-ray transient source, providing crucial insights into mysterious celestial phenomena [10]. - The "Weiyang" satellite has made significant contributions to understanding black hole accretion mechanisms and gamma-ray bursts [10]. - The "Hua Ruo" satellite has identified new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts, enhancing knowledge of gravitational wave counterparts [10]. - The "Wu Kong" satellite achieved the first precise measurement of boron energy spectra in cosmic rays, revealing important propagation effects [11]. - The "Kua Fu" satellite found a lower-than-expected correlation between high-energy solar flares and coronal mass ejections, offering new clues about solar eruption mechanisms [12]. Group 4: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to implement new satellite missions, including the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kua Fu II," focusing on major issues such as the origins of the universe and space weather [12]. - The center aims to produce more groundbreaking scientific results that will support China's technological independence and contribute to the nation's goals of becoming a leading space and technology power [12].

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant scientific breakthroughs from space science satellite missions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with plans to implement the "Space Exploration Science Satellite Program" in the upcoming 14th Five-Year Plan [1][3]. Group 1: Space Science Satellite Missions - The program will involve the development and launch of four space science satellite missions aimed at exploring cosmic mysteries, including the "Hongmeng Plan" for detecting the cosmic dark age, "Kuafu-2" for direct imaging of the solar polar regions, an exoplanet survey mission to find "Earth 2.0," and an enhanced X-ray time-variable and polarization space observatory to study new physical laws under extreme cosmic conditions [3][5]. - The director of the National Space Science Center, Wang Chi, emphasized the goal of achieving original scientific breakthroughs in understanding the origins and evolution of the universe, space weather, and extraterrestrial life by 2035 [5]. Group 2: Achievements in Space Science - Since its inception in 2011, the space science pilot project has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellite missions, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan," leading to significant discoveries such as the first X-ray all-sky map and the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum measurements [7]. - These missions have contributed to a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation, marking a significant milestone in the country's scientific capabilities [7]. Group 3: Lunar Research - Recent studies revealed that the lunar soil brought back by the Chang'e 6 mission from the far side of the moon has unique properties, being significantly drier than the Sahara Desert and exhibiting a sticky texture due to static electricity rather than water [8][10]. - The far side of the moon has undergone more intense meteorite impacts, resulting in finer and more angular soil particles, which contribute to its unique physical characteristics and implications for future lunar exploration and base construction [12].

Core Insights - The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant breakthroughs in space science, marking a historic leap from "catching up" to "leading" in certain areas of space research [1][5] Group 1: Achievements and Innovations - Since its launch in 2011, the space science initiative has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and creating multiple firsts for China and the world [2] - The "Tian Guan" satellite produced the world's first X-ray all-sky map, while the "Wu Kong" satellite provided the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum to date [2] - The "Hui Yan" satellite directly measured the universe's strongest magnetic fields and detected high-speed jets near black holes, showcasing advancements in extreme condition measurements [2][3] Group 2: International Collaboration - The initiative has fostered new paradigms of international cooperation, including the "Tian Guan" satellite project, which involved collaboration with the European Space Agency and other European countries [4] - The "Wei Xiao" satellite project represents a comprehensive collaboration between China and Europe, covering all phases from design to data analysis [4] Group 3: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to focus on major frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life, with upcoming projects including the "Hong Meng Plan" and "Kua Fu II" [4]

Core Insights - The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant breakthroughs in space science, marking a historic leap for China's space science innovation and positioning it as a leader in certain fields [1][5]. Group 1: Achievements and Innovations - Since its launch in 2011, the space science initiative has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and creating multiple "firsts" for China and the world [2]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite produced the world's first all-sky X-ray map, while the "Wu Kong" satellite provided the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum to date [2]. - The "Hui Yan" satellite directly measured the universe's strongest magnetic fields and detected high-speed jets near black holes, showcasing advancements in extreme condition measurements [2]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The initiative has driven significant advancements in cutting-edge payload and satellite platform technologies, including breakthroughs in key technologies such as ground-space optical alignment [3]. - The development of a large field-of-view, high-sensitivity lobster-eye X-ray telescope has positioned China at a leading level internationally [3]. Group 3: International Collaboration - The initiative has fostered new paradigms of international cooperation, including the "Tian Guan" satellite project, which involved collaboration with the European Space Agency and other European countries [4]. - The "Smile" satellite project represents a comprehensive collaboration between China and Europe, covering all phases from design to data analysis [4]. Group 4: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to focus on major frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life, with upcoming projects including the "Hong Meng Plan" and "Kua Fu II" [4]. - The goal is to achieve breakthroughs in areas like the dark ages of the universe, solar magnetic activity cycles, and exoplanet detection during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [4].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences is set to implement a space exploration satellite program during the 14th Five-Year Plan, focusing on significant scientific breakthroughs in space science [1][3]. Group 1: Space Science Satellite Program - The program will include the development and launch of four space science satellite missions aimed at exploring cosmic mysteries [3]. - The four missions are: 1. "Hongmeng Plan" for detecting the cosmic dark age and dawn 2. "Kuafu-2" for direct imaging of the solar polar regions 3. An exoplanet survey mission to find "Earth 2.0" 4. An enhanced X-ray time-variable and polarization space observatory to study physical laws under extreme cosmic conditions [3]. Group 2: Achievements of Previous Missions - Since its launch in 2011, the space science pilot project has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellite missions, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan" [5]. - These missions have led to significant achievements, such as creating the world's first all-sky X-ray map, obtaining the most precise cosmic ray electron and proton energy spectrum structures, and directly measuring the strongest magnetic fields in the universe [5]. - The program has also made groundbreaking discoveries in areas like transient celestial bodies and solar eruptions, propelling China's space science innovation into a rapid development phase [5].

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has announced significant breakthroughs in space science through its satellite missions, focusing on transient celestial bodies, cosmic ray propagation, and solar eruptions [1][14] Group 1: Satellite Discoveries - The Tian Guan satellite has discovered a new type of X-ray transient source, providing crucial insights into these mysterious celestial bodies [5][4] - The satellite's unprecedented wide field of view and sensitivity have transitioned China's cosmic research from capturing "static images" to recording "dynamic movies," leading to breakthroughs in the study of black holes, neutron stars, and gamma-ray bursts [4][5] Group 2: Future Missions - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, China will implement a space exploration satellite program, launching four scientific satellite missions aimed at exploring the origins of the universe, space weather, and life [14][15] - The first satellite, part of the Hongmeng plan, will consist of a low-frequency radio telescope array to be deployed on the far side of the moon, capturing faint signals from the early universe [17] - The second satellite, Kua Fu II, will orbit the sun's poles, aiming to uncover the ultimate secrets of solar magnetic activity [19] - The third satellite will search for Earth-like exoplanets in habitable zones, potentially identifying a "second home" for humanity [21] - The fourth satellite, eXTP, will observe extreme regions of the universe, such as black hole event horizons and neutron star surfaces, to test Einstein's predictions and explore the boundaries of physics [23]

Core Insights - China's space science is experiencing significant breakthroughs, with multiple scientific satellites achieving major original results and creating several firsts in both China and the world [3][4]. Group 1: Satellite Missions and Achievements - The space science pilot project initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011 has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, including "Wukong," "Weiyan," "Huairou," "Kuafu," and "Tianguan," marking a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation [3][4]. - The project has expanded scientific research towards four extremes: macro, micro, extreme conditions, and interdisciplinary integration, achieving notable milestones such as the first global X-ray all-sky map and the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum measurements [3][4]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The project has actively engaged in comprehensive international cooperation, exemplified by the "Smile" satellite, which represents a deep collaboration between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the European Space Agency [4]. Group 3: Scientific Discoveries - The "Tianguan" satellite has discovered a new type of X-ray transient source, providing key insights into mysterious transient celestial bodies, and has opened new pathways for discovering stellar black holes [6][7]. - The "Weiyan" satellite has made significant contributions to understanding black hole accretion mechanisms and the radiation mechanisms of millisecond pulsars [6][7]. - The "Huairou" satellite has identified new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts resulting from compact star mergers, enhancing the understanding of gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts [6][7]. - The "Wukong" satellite has achieved the first precise measurement of the boron energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 1 TeV/n, revealing important insights into cosmic ray propagation mechanisms [7]. - The "Kuafu" satellite has found that the correlation rate between high-energy C-class flares and coronal mass ejections is much lower than expected, providing new clues for understanding solar eruption mechanisms [7]. Group 4: Future Plans - Looking ahead, the Chinese Academy of Sciences plans to implement new space exploration satellite programs, including the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu II," focusing on major frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life [9].