出品：新浪财经上市公司研究院 对于中信证券和中金公司杠杆率较高的原因，我们研究认为，这两家券商或更加依赖以应付款项为核心的同业融资，对发债融资的需求较小。（具体见报告 《"券商一哥"发债规模掉队的背后：高额应付账款满足融资需求 优秀利率结构削弱债务置换需求》） 作者：光心 2025年7月以来，A股持续走强，券商作为资金融通中介的融资热情也极其高涨。截至11月27日，74家券商的年内境内债发行规模已超过17000亿，同比增幅 近50%。 据分析，券商此轮扩表一方面系由于行情催化下日常运营结算相关的资金大增，另一方面也是全行业积极增配重资产业务的结果。（具体见报告《券商债务 与重资产业务专题：2025年券商债务发行规模同比增长近60% 券商密集增配重资产业务为扩表的主要驱动力》） 而申万宏源负债端则是主要依赖卖出回购金融资产款抬升。 该科目主要衡量券商通过场内和场外回购融入资金的规模，其本质是一种有抵押的短期借款，证券公司将持有的债券、票据等金融资产质押给交易对手（如 银行、基金、保险等），约定在未来某一日期以约定价格购回，从而获得短期融资。 卖出回购业务是券商除发行债券外又一重要的主动融通资金的手段。截至202 ...

Core Viewpoint - Changsha Bank reported a slight increase in revenue and a faster growth in net profit for the first half of 2025, indicating a stable financial performance despite some challenges in net interest margin and asset quality [1][2]. Financial Performance - The bank achieved an operating income of 13.2 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.6%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 4.3 billion, up 5.1% year-on-year [1]. - The annualized weighted average return on equity was 12.6%, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points year-on-year [1]. - Revenue growth rates for operating income, pre-provision profit, and net profit were 1.6%, 1.9%, and 5.1% respectively, with changes from the previous quarter of -2.2, -5.4, and +1.2 percentage points [2]. Loan and Asset Growth - As of the end of Q2 2025, the bank's interest-earning assets and loans grew by 10.9% and 13% year-on-year, maintaining strong expansion [3]. - New loans totaled 57.6 billion, an increase of 12.4 billion year-on-year, with the loan-to-interest-earning assets ratio rising to 56.5% [3]. - The bank focused its lending on sectors such as leasing services, water and environmental management, and manufacturing, with significant growth in green and inclusive agricultural loans [3]. Deposit and Funding Trends - By the end of Q2 2025, interest-bearing liabilities and deposits grew by 12.6% and 11.2% year-on-year, reflecting a steady increase [4]. - The bank added 36.2 billion in deposits, a year-on-year increase of 12.5 billion, with time deposits making up 61.3% of total deposits [5]. Interest Margin and Non-Interest Income - The net interest margin (NIM) for the first half of the year was 1.87%, down 24 basis points from 2024, but the decline was less severe compared to previous quarters [5]. - Non-interest income reached 3.6 billion, growing by 11.8% year-on-year and contributing 27% to total revenue [6]. Asset Quality and Risk Management - The non-performing loan (NPL) ratio was 1.17%, showing a slight decrease, while the provision coverage ratio remained strong at 310% [7]. - The bank's capital adequacy ratios were stable, with the core tier 1 capital ratio at 9.73% [7]. Future Outlook - The bank is expected to maintain a high credit growth rate and expand its asset base, with a focus on enhancing pricing resilience in the regional market [8]. - The bank's earnings per share (EPS) forecasts for 2025-2027 are 2.02, 2.10, and 2.15, with corresponding price-to-book (PB) and price-to-earnings (PE) ratios indicating a "buy" rating [8].

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform the Market" rating for the industry [2][5][16]. Core Viewpoints - The recent revival of equity refinancing among several brokerage firms indicates a gradual recovery in the sector, with new funds directed towards innovative areas such as technology finance and wealth management [4][5]. - The demand for capital among securities firms is increasing due to the rapid development of investment and credit businesses, suggesting a dual approach of equity and debt financing to enhance capital strength [5][12]. - The competitive landscape remains intense, with a focus on wealth management, market-making, and financial technology, making equity refinancing crucial for supporting business transformation [5][12][16]. Summary by Sections Recent Developments - Multiple brokerage firms have restarted equity refinancing, with East Wu Securities planning to raise up to 6 billion yuan for various business expansions and operational needs [4][6]. - The equity refinancing trend has been gradually recovering since 2025, with notable events such as Tianfeng Securities' successful refinancing [5][8]. Financing Trends - The scale of equity refinancing has significantly decreased since 2023, with only 5.992 billion yuan raised in 2023, 29.492 billion yuan in 2024, and 16 billion yuan in 2025 to date [8][9]. - Debt financing remains the primary method for securities firms, with a notable increase in debt financing activities compared to equity financing [10][12]. Market Outlook - The report anticipates that the recovery of equity refinancing will support the expansion of business scale and performance growth for securities firms, particularly in a favorable capital market environment [12][16]. - The report recommends leading brokerages such as CITIC Securities and Huatai Securities, as well as firms with strong flow advantages like Dongfang Wealth and Guolian Minsheng [16].