春节假期，很多观众慕名来到深藏在辽宁西部山沟沟里的这处遗址——牛河梁遗址。 在通往牛河梁国家考古遗址公园的道路两旁，红彤彤的灯笼高挂，洋溢着春节喜庆的氛围。朝阳牛河梁遗址博物馆、牛河梁遗址第一地点（女神庙）保护展 示馆、牛河梁遗址第二地点（积石冢、祭坛）保护展示馆、红山文化展示中心、游客服务中心等散落在山梁上的万亩松林中。 牛河梁遗址博物馆 徐秀丽/摄 牛河梁遗址管理处处长张雪深感接待观众人数比去年春节有了显著增长。遗址博物馆新增百余件出土文物，使观众更好地了解遗址价值；遗址公园也经过全 面升级改造，园区整体环境更加舒适。 文明发端地 古国牛河梁 牛河梁是辽宁省朝阳市下辖的建平县与凌源市交界处的一座山梁，因考古工作者在牛河梁南部山梁发现了一座红山文化时期的墓葬，并在其周边更大范围内 发现了多处红山文化遗址，便将这处遗址群以"牛河梁"冠之，通称为牛河梁遗址。 浩瀚的中华文明如满天星斗，红山文化更是其中最耀眼的一颗。作为红山文化分布的核心区，1981年，牛河梁遗址的发现，吸引了世界的目光。牛河梁遗址 超过5000年的测年数据为中华五千年文明史提供了证据，被称为"中华文明的曙光"。 对牛河梁遗址的认识经历过漫长的路 ...

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has released findings on new archaeological discoveries in China by 2025, highlighting the Zhengjiagou site in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, where nine stone tombs have been identified, including significant artifacts like the jade pig dragon, which provides new insights into the Hongshan culture [1] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Zhengjiagou site features a large stone tomb with an area of approximately 1,500 square meters, surrounded by 90 tombs and over 180 sacrificial pits, indicating a complex burial structure [7] - Artifacts discovered include the jade pig dragon, which is a typical item of the Hongshan culture, and a unique two-linked jade piece that shows similarities and differences with those from the Liaoxi region [8][9] - The site also reveals a blend of cultural influences, with artifacts showing characteristics of both Hongshan and Yangshao cultures, suggesting a cultural exchange in the region [9] Group 2: Cultural Implications - The findings suggest that around 5,300 years ago, the Hongshan culture expanded into the Hebei Zhangjiakou area, forming a new cultural center that integrated various cultural elements [10] - The Zhengjiagou site challenges previous understandings of the Hongshan culture's timeline and geographical spread, extending its influence by 200 years and broadening its activity range beyond the Liaoxi region [10] - Genetic analysis indicates a strong hereditary link between the Zhengjiagou population and the Hongshan culture population in the Xiliao River basin, suggesting they belong to the same ethnic group [10]

Core Viewpoint - The recent archaeological discoveries at the Zhengjiagou site in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, reveal significant findings related to the Hongshan culture, including the excavation of nine stone tombs and over 600 artifacts, which provide new insights into the origins of Chinese civilization [1][17]. Archaeological Findings - The Zhengjiagou site features a large stone tomb with an area of approximately 1,500 square meters, surrounded by 90 tombs and over 180 sacrificial pits, indicating a complex burial structure [1][9]. - The excavation of the first stone tomb has uncovered a unique "Jade Pig Dragon," a typical artifact of the Hongshan culture, which was previously believed to be confined to the Liao West region [3][17]. - A notable discovery includes a "painted bear head clay sculpture," which was created using local materials and techniques, showcasing the artistic practices of the time [7][9]. Cultural Exchange and Influence - Artifacts from the Zhengjiagou site exhibit characteristics of both the Hongshan culture and the Yangshao culture, indicating a fusion of diverse cultural influences in the region [9][16]. - The site has been identified as a regional center for the late Hongshan culture, suggesting that it played a significant role in the cultural exchanges during that period [9][17]. Historical Context - The Hongshan culture is believed to date back approximately 6,500 to 5,000 years, with the Zhengjiagou findings extending its timeline by 200 years, indicating a broader geographical influence into Hebei Province [17]. - Genetic analysis of human remains from the site shows a strong genetic link between the Zhengjiagou population and the Hongshan culture population from the West Liao River basin, suggesting continuity in cultural identity [19]. Excavation Techniques - The excavation team employed modern techniques such as "box extraction" to preserve the integrity of the tombs while transporting them to the laboratory for detailed analysis [19][21]. - The process involves careful measurement and construction of a protective box around the tomb, followed by a methodical replacement of the soil to maintain the archaeological context [21][25].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant archaeological discoveries at two sites in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, which have been recognized for their contributions to understanding early human evolution and the origins of civilization in China [5][8]. Group 1: New Cultural Discoveries - The Xinhaozhuang site has revealed various stone tool technologies, providing crucial evidence for the evolution of early modern humans in North China and the transition from the Old Stone Age to the New Stone Age [5][6]. - The site has confirmed a cultural sequence spanning from 120,000 to 13,000 years ago, showcasing the earliest Mousterian technology in North China and the earliest microblade technology in East Asia [5][6]. Group 2: Archaeological Significance - The Zhengjiagou site has filled a gap in the archaeological record of the Hongshan culture in northwestern Hebei, with over 200 archaeological features and more than 600 artifacts, including jade and pottery [7][8]. - The discovery of a painted bear-head clay sculpture at Zhengjiagou supports the connection between this site and the Hongshan culture, further establishing the area's historical significance [7]. Group 3: Historical Context - The findings from both sites illustrate a continuous narrative from the evolution of early modern humans to the emergence of civilization, emphasizing Zhangjiakou's role as a cultural crossroads [8]. - The simultaneous recognition of these sites as national archaeological achievements underscores their importance in the study of early human evolution and the formation of Chinese civilization [8].

头条看点 文物玉猪龙。 牛河梁遗址考古现场第二地点内景。 牛河梁遗址博物馆广场。 以上图片均为牛河梁遗址博物馆提供 辽宁牛河梁遗址保护区是红山文化已知规模最大、由多个遗址点构成的遗址群。随着这个距今约5800年 的"超级工程"揭开神秘面纱，牛河梁考古新成果将中华文明起源向前推进了五六百年。经过一系列探 索，牛河梁国家考古遗址公园已成为辽宁最具标志性的文化旅游地之一，让古老文明更加可亲可近、可 知可感。 车行辽西，丘陵广布，河谷纵横。 辽宁省朝阳市建平县与凌源市交界地带牤牛河畔的牛河梁，因河而得名。20世纪80年代，考古人员在牛 河梁区域先后发现了积石冢群、大型祭坛，出土了玉猪龙等珍贵文物。2025年初，牛河梁遗址入选首批 重要大遗址清单。 牛河梁遗址考古发掘取得哪些新进展？还有哪些未解之谜等待解答？记者走进牛河梁国家考古遗址公 园，探寻中华文明起源，叩问"何以中国"。 红山文化已知规模最大的遗址群 牛河梁遗址保护区范围近60平方公里，已经确认的遗址点数量达51处，是红山文化已知规模最大、由多 个遗址点构成的遗址群。 在牛河梁遗址第一地点，由中国社会科学院考古研究所和辽宁省文物考古研究院联合组成的考古队，正 组 ...

Core Viewpoint - The archaeological discoveries at the Niuhe Liang site in Liaoning Province, which date back approximately 5800 years, have pushed back the timeline of Chinese civilization's origins by five to six hundred years, highlighting the significance of the Hongshan culture as the largest known archaeological site of its kind [4][9]. Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The Niuhe Liang site is the largest known archaeological site of the Hongshan culture, covering nearly 60 square kilometers with 51 confirmed sites [6]. - Recent excavations have revealed a large architectural complex consisting of at least nine platforms, with the main structure covering about 60,000 square meters, indicating advanced organizational capabilities of the Hongshan people [6][8]. - The site features sophisticated engineering solutions, such as a dual water drainage system, showcasing the early architectural principles that may have influenced later Chinese architecture [8]. Group 2: Cultural Insights - The discoveries at Niuhe Liang have redefined the narrative of the origins of Chinese civilization, marking it as the earliest known form of civilization in the region [9]. - The findings suggest that the Hongshan culture, which thrived from over 6500 years ago to around 5000 years ago, may have expanded and integrated with other civilizations rather than disappearing [9]. - Recent discoveries in Hebei Province, such as the Zhengjiagou site, provide new insights into the continuity and evolution of the Hongshan culture [9]. Group 3: Tourism and Cultural Heritage - The Niuhe Liang National Archaeological Park has become a prominent cultural tourism destination in Liaoning, with visitor numbers steadily increasing, reaching approximately 200,000 in 2025 [11][12]. - The park features various facilities, including museums and interactive exhibits, enhancing visitor engagement with the ancient culture [11]. - Ongoing preservation efforts are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the 51 archaeological sites within the park, ensuring that cultural heritage is protected while promoting tourism [11].

Core Points - The exhibition "Ceramic Stone Reflection, Dawn of Civilization - Archaeological Achievements of the Neolithic Era in Zhangjiakou" showcases over 70 precious artifacts, highlighting the cultural lineage of the Neolithic era in the Zhangjiakou region [2][3] - A unique human-shaped double-eared pot, dating back to the late Neolithic period, was discovered outside the eastern gate of Zhangjiakou's Xuanhua district, demonstrating complex craftsmanship and rarity compared to contemporaneous round pottery [2] - Stone grinding tools, found at the Shangi Sita Neolithic site, were essential for daily life, indicating that as early as 7600 years ago, the inhabitants were processing millet and broomcorn [2] - The jade pig dragon, a typical artifact of the Liaohe River basin's Hongshan culture, was unearthed from a stone mound site in Xuanhua, suggesting the cultural transmission path of the late Hongshan culture around 5000 years ago [2] Industry Insights - The exhibition serves as a platform for a cross-temporal dialogue of civilization, emphasizing the rich historical narrative of the Zhangjiakou region from cultural inception 10,000 years ago to the flourishing of civilization 5,000 years ago [3] - The artifacts reflect the diverse and integrated cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, providing an immersive experience of historical continuity [3]

Core Viewpoint - Shenyang is integrating its rich historical and cultural heritage with modern vitality, showcasing a unique cultural narrative that reflects both ancient civilization and contemporary creativity [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Cultural Heritage and Tourism - The "2025 Light and Shadow China" photography team visited Shenyang to explore cultural landmarks such as the Shenyang Palace Museum and the "September 18th" Historical Museum, highlighting the city's cultural confidence as a Northeast Asia center [1] - The Shenyang Palace Museum, one of the two remaining royal palace complexes in China, utilizes VR technology and cultural product design to enhance visitor experiences, bridging historical details with modern life [1] - The Liaoning Provincial Museum, as the first museum in New China, hosts over 20 special exhibitions annually and offers more than 300 cultural products, attracting a significant number of visitors, especially families [2] Group 2: Historical Significance and Education - The "September 18th" Historical Museum serves as a memorial for the events of 1931, hosting annual ceremonies and educational programs aimed at passing down the red gene to younger generations [3] - Shenyang is developing a "War of Resistance Memory Tour" that connects six major cultural venues, presenting a comprehensive narrative from the September 18 Incident to the trials of Japanese war criminals [3] Group 3: Urban Cultural Integration - The Shenyang Fangcheng Cultural Tourism Area, covering 1.69 square kilometers, features a blend of historical sites, traditional shops, and intangible cultural heritage, creating a vibrant cultural network [3] - The area includes the Zhongjie Pedestrian Street, which has 3,277 businesses and numerous historical alleys, allowing visitors to experience the city's past and present through leisurely exploration [3][4]

Core Points - The exhibition titled "Harmony of Mountains and Seas: Strengthening the Awareness of the Chinese National Community" officially opened on July 31 at the Liaoning Provincial Museum, showcasing a total of 512 cultural relics from 29 cultural institutions [1][6] - Among the exhibits, there are 57 first-class cultural relics, and 109 items are being displayed for the first time [1] - The exhibition highlights the history of cultural exchanges and integration among various ethnic groups in Liaoning, featuring artifacts from different historical periods [2][3] Summary by Categories - **Exhibition Overview** - The exhibition features 512 cultural relics, including significant pieces like the jade pig dragon and duck-shaped glass bottle [1][5] - It aims to present the historical evolution of the multi-ethnic integration in the Liaoning region [6] - **Cultural Significance** - The displayed artifacts range from early regional cultural relics to items that reflect the political and cultural integration between the Central Plains and border areas [2][3] - Each exhibit illustrates the unity and collaborative efforts of various ethnic groups in Liaoning, emphasizing the development and transmission of the awareness of the Chinese national community [2][6] - **Institutional Contribution** - The director of the Liaoning Provincial Museum expressed the hope that the exhibition would vividly showcase the historical context of the multi-ethnic integration and the contributions of Liaoning to the construction of the Chinese national community [6]

Core Viewpoint - The "Dragon Rising China: Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Exhibition" at the Shanghai Museum showcases the latest archaeological discoveries and research results of the Hongshan culture, highlighting its formation, development, and influence through significant artifacts and findings [1][2][3]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition focuses on the iconic cultural symbol of the Hongshan culture, the jade dragon, and includes new archaeological discoveries from Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Hebei, creating a comprehensive picture of the Hongshan culture's evolution [1]. - The Hongshan culture dates back approximately 6,500 years and lasted until about 4,800 years ago, with its sites covering nearly 300,000 square kilometers [1]. Group 2: Cultural Characteristics - Continuity and innovation are key features of the Hongshan culture, with typical pottery like the flat-bottomed cylindrical jar and the emergence of jade and painted pottery reflecting its innovative spirit [1]. - The variety and quantity of jade artifacts increased, evolving into ceremonial vessels with social functions, while painted pottery served as a medium for cultural exchange with the Central Plains [1]. Group 3: Ritual and Social Structure - The establishment of a ritual order centered around ceremonial activities formed the institutional basis for ancient state civilizations, with significant sites like the Niuheliang site in Liaoning indicating a complex ritual system [2]. - Differences in jade artifact quality and size among high-status members suggest the emergence of a hierarchical order, similar to historical records [2]. Group 4: Archaeological Discoveries - The decline of the ritual center at the Niuheliang site around 5,000 years ago raises questions about whether it was due to an overemphasis on rituals or environmental changes [3]. - The discovery of the Zhengjiagou site provides insights into the southward migration of the Hongshan culture's population, enriching the narrative of its integration into the Central Plains [3]. Group 5: Cultural Significance - The jade dragon, a complex and widely distributed artifact, symbolizes the intricate jade ritual system of the Hongshan culture and reflects societal acceptance of its hierarchical order [3]. - The numerous archaeological findings from the Hongshan culture offer important clues for exploring the origins of Chinese civilization from both institutional and spiritual perspectives [3].