据越南快讯网报道，修正案自2026年1月1日起生效。根据该修正案，越南所有稀土勘探、开采和加工活动必须符合国家稀土战略及总体规划。只有越南政 府指定或授权的机构和企业可获准开展稀土勘查、开采和加工活动，越南政府将统一管理地质数据，规范贸易并保持适当储备。 据美国地质调查局2025年发布的报告，越南稀土储量约为350万吨，居世界第六位。 据新华社援引越南媒体报道，越南第十五届国会第十次会议11日通过地质与矿产法修正案，将稀土列为严格受国家监管的特殊战略资源，并禁止稀土原矿 出口。 来源：新华社 ...

Core Viewpoint - Vietnam's National Assembly has passed an amendment to the Law on Geology and Minerals, designating rare earths as a strategically important resource under strict state control and prohibiting the export of rare earth ores [3]. Group 1: Legislative Changes - The amendment will take effect on January 1, 2026, and mandates that all activities related to the exploration, mining, and processing of rare earths must align with the national rare earth strategy and overall planning [3]. - Only institutions and enterprises designated or authorized by the Vietnamese government will be permitted to conduct rare earth exploration, mining, and processing activities [3]. Group 2: Resource Management - The Vietnamese government will manage geological data uniformly, regulate trade, and maintain appropriate reserves of rare earths [3]. - According to a report by the U.S. Geological Survey, Vietnam's rare earth reserves are approximately 3.5 million tons, ranking sixth in the world [3].

Core Viewpoint - Vietnam's National Assembly has passed an amendment to the Law on Minerals, designating rare earths as a strategically important resource under strict state control and prohibiting the export of rare earth ores [1] Group 1: Legislative Changes - The amendment will take effect on January 1, 2026, requiring all rare earth exploration, mining, and processing activities to align with the national rare earth strategy and overall planning [1] - Only government-designated or authorized entities will be permitted to conduct rare earth exploration, mining, and processing activities [1] - The Vietnamese government will manage geological data uniformly, regulate trade, and maintain appropriate reserves of rare earths [1] Group 2: Resource Availability - According to the U.S. Geological Survey, Vietnam has an estimated rare earth reserve of approximately 3.5 million tons, ranking sixth in the world [2]

Group 1 - The core point of the article is that despite reaching a significant mineral agreement with the United States, Malaysia will maintain its ban on the export of rare earth ores [1]. Group 2 - Malaysia's Trade Minister confirmed the continuation of the export ban on rare earth minerals, indicating a strategic decision to prioritize domestic resource management [1].

Core Insights - China's recent actions in the rare earth sector, including export controls and technological upgrades, have positioned it as a dominant player in the global rare earth industry, moving from a history of low-value raw material exports to a strategic leader [1][3][15] - The historical context reveals that China was once trapped in a cycle of "resource selling at low prices" and "technology being restricted," leading to a reliance on high-priced imports of processed rare earth products [7][9] Industry Transformation - China, holding the largest rare earth reserves globally, previously exported unprocessed rare earth minerals at prices lower than pork, resulting in environmental degradation and a lack of advanced processing technology [7][9] - The breakthrough in rare earth separation technology was spearheaded by Xu Guangxian, known as the "Father of Chinese Rare Earths," who developed new extraction theories and methods despite limited resources [9][11] Technological Advancements - The new extraction and separation process developed in China has significantly improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact, allowing for the production of high-purity rare earth elements domestically [11][13] - China's rare earth extraction purity has reached levels of 99.99%, enabling the country to produce essential materials for high-end applications, thus breaking the Western monopoly on this technology [11][13] Full Industry Chain Development - China has established a comprehensive industry chain from mining to application, including extraction, refining, and production of high-end materials, creating a self-sufficient ecosystem [13][15] - This integrated approach provides China with a competitive edge that is difficult for Western countries to replicate in the short term, as they would require over a decade to develop a similar infrastructure [13][15] Strategic Positioning - The recent export control measures are framed as a means of protecting national security and industrial development, marking a shift from passive compliance to active defense of China's interests in the global market [15][17] - The rise of China's rare earth industry illustrates the importance of self-reliance in core technologies, emphasizing that true advancement comes from domestic innovation rather than external acquisition [17]