2025年，随便刷一刷汽车新闻，就会发现大家讨论的焦点变了。以前，公众可能更关注发动机、百公里加速时间；而现在，电动隐藏式车门把手的是是 非非，动力电池新国标到底有多严，甚至电动汽车"反向送电"如何收益，这些关于具体部件、标准和模式的话题，频频冲上新闻热搜。 新的话题标签，其实都指向同一个大变化：汽车的核心竞争力正从传统的机械性能，转向是否足够"聪明"、足够安全，能否融入我们的生活与能源网络等方 面。细微和琐碎的零部件，开始成为搅动整个汽车产业变革的"风暴眼"。 本刊编辑部整理了2025年受到关注的8个零部件领域热词，希望能从这些具体的"小切口"入手，为读者呈现一幅汽车产业链正在发生的大变化。 大模型 2025年，AI大模型持续升温。VLA（视觉-语言-动作）模型、VLM（视觉语言大模型）与世界模型正与汽车产业形成深度协同，重塑智能汽车的感知、决策 与交互体系。同时，算力芯片的激烈竞争、电子电气架构向中央集中式的演进，以及"软件定义汽车"商业模式的成熟，共同为大模型上车铺平道路。 VLM的研发与应用，主要聚焦于智能座舱的升级，即通过整合OMS（车内乘员监测摄像头）、语音传感器等硬件数据，构建个性化用户服务体系 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the emerging trend of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology in Guangzhou, where electric vehicle owners can earn money by charging their cars at night with low-cost electricity and selling it back to the grid during the day, with potential earnings exceeding 200 yuan per day [1][4][16]. Group 1: V2G Implementation and Benefits - Guangzhou has become a pilot city for V2G applications, leading to the creation of the first personal V2G settlement statement in the country and the establishment of the largest V2G microgrid [1][4]. - The V2G model allows electric vehicle owners to transform their cars into "mobile power banks," alleviating grid pressure during peak hours while promoting a collaborative ecosystem among the automotive and energy sectors [1][16]. - As of now, over 9,000 electric vehicles in Guangzhou are regularly participating in V2G, with a cumulative discharge volume exceeding 600,000 kilowatt-hours, equivalent to the electricity consumption of 1,000 households for six months [6][9]. Group 2: Economic Incentives and Mechanisms - The economic model for V2G includes a combination of on-grid electricity pricing, construction subsidies, discharge volume subsidies, and virtual power plant policies, with discharge subsidies typically around 3 yuan per kilowatt-hour [9][10]. - Electric vehicle owners can benefit significantly from the price difference between low-cost night charging (as low as 0.3 yuan per kilowatt-hour) and daytime discharge rates (up to 3 yuan per kilowatt-hour), leading to daily earnings of 80 to 200 yuan [9][10]. - The government has allocated up to 30 million yuan annually for three consecutive years to support V2G pilot projects, demonstrating a commitment to fostering this innovative energy model [10][18]. Group 3: Collaborative Efforts and Future Prospects - Southern Power Grid has effectively collaborated with local governments to address key challenges in V2G implementation, ensuring that there are sufficient vehicles available for discharge, user confidence in battery longevity, and reliable income from the grid [10][11]. - The integration of V2G technology is seen as a transformative step for the electric vehicle industry, shifting from merely producing vehicles to providing comprehensive energy solutions [17][18]. - The successful implementation of V2G in Guangzhou serves as a replicable model for other large cities, potentially accelerating the transition to a new energy system and enhancing the role of electric vehicles as energy assets [16][18].

Core Viewpoint - Shandong has become the first province in China to implement market-oriented pricing for renewable energy, marking a significant step in the national reform of renewable energy pricing [1][4] Group 1: Market Reform and Pricing Mechanism - The recent announcement of the 2025 renewable energy pricing results in Shandong signifies the formal implementation of the 136 document, which aims to introduce market competition into the pricing of renewable energy [1] - Shandong's reform includes a clear distinction between existing renewable projects, which will follow national pricing limits, and new projects that will adopt market-based bidding rules [1][2] - The shift from fixed pricing to market-based pricing means that renewable energy companies must adapt to a more volatile market environment, where they may face negative pricing scenarios [1][3] Group 2: Negative Pricing Phenomenon - Shandong has experienced instances of negative pricing, particularly during periods of high renewable output and low demand, leading to situations where energy producers may have to pay to sell their electricity [3][4] - The occurrence of negative pricing is not unique to Shandong; it is seen in mature electricity markets globally and reflects the challenges posed by the integration of renewable energy into traditional power systems [4] Group 3: Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Integration - The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) in Shandong is creating opportunities for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, which allows EVs to act as mobile energy storage units that can help balance supply and demand [5][6] - Shandong plans to establish multiple V2G demonstration projects and charging stations to facilitate the integration of EVs into the energy grid, promoting efficient energy consumption [6][10] - The V2G model is seen as a crucial component for enhancing grid flexibility and enabling better utilization of renewable energy resources [5][12] Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the potential of V2G, challenges remain in terms of standardization, business model development, and user engagement, which need to be addressed for widespread adoption [8][9] - The current pricing mechanisms for V2G participation are not sufficiently attractive, limiting the economic incentives for EV owners to engage in energy trading [9][11] - Ongoing reforms in Shandong aim to create a more favorable environment for V2G, including differentiated pricing strategies and clearer compensation mechanisms for energy contributions from EVs [10][12]