Core Viewpoint - The keynote speech by Zhang Chaoyang, founder and CEO of Sohu, focuses on the exploration of the solar system and its implications for human civilization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the laws governing the solar system as a key to understanding humanity's past and future [3][4]. Group 1: Solar System Exploration - The solar system operates under specific laws, and understanding these laws is crucial for humanity [4]. - Zhang Chaoyang describes the solar system as a "home" that is both distant and close, highlighting the need for exploration and understanding [4]. - The speech is characterized as a "archaeology" of the solar system, using Newton's laws as foundational principles to explore celestial mechanics [4][5]. Group 2: Human Advancement in Space - The development of AI and aerospace technology is propelling humanity towards a "multi-planet civilization" [3]. - Zhang outlines three key stages for human exploration beyond Earth: the escape phase dominated by Earth's gravity, the Hohmann transfer phase dominated by the Sun's gravity, and the capture phase dominated by Mars' gravity [6]. - The concept of Lagrange points is introduced as stable locations for deploying scientific instruments, such as the Webb Telescope [6]. Group 3: Educational Impact and Media Strategy - Zhang emphasizes the value of learning physics, which aids in understanding both macro phenomena like global warming and everyday experiences [9]. - The physics course has conducted 270 live sessions over four years, accumulating over 26,000 minutes of online content, contributing significantly to the knowledge base [9]. - The integration of traditional teaching with new media is seen as a meaningful approach to disseminating knowledge in the current digital age [9].

封面新闻记者 吴雨佳 近日，搜狐创始人、董事局主席兼首席执行官、物理学博士张朝阳以"我们所居住的太阳系"为主题开启他的第三场跨年演讲。 潮汐力是怎么产生的呢？张朝阳通过对引力势的球谐展开，阐明了卫星在公转时会受到一种特殊力量的拉扯，这就是潮汐力的起源。张朝阳还提到，在极 端情况下，潮汐力甚至能毁灭星球。当小质量星球过分靠近大质量星体时，巨大的拉扯力足以将其撕成碎片，这也是土星环的一个可能成因。 更有趣的是，在地月系统中，由于地球自转偏快导致潮汐形变稍有延迟，地球隆起的方向并不完全对准月球，这就导致月球持续受到一个力矩作用，其轨 道半径以每年3.8厘米的速度扩张。反之，月球受地球潮汐作用产生的形变滞后，也会通过力矩作用减缓自身自转速度，最终形成与公转同步的潮汐锁定 状态，这也是人类始终只能观测到月球一面的原因。 我们的太阳系有太多奥秘等待探索，张朝阳带观众领略了飞出地球的三个站点。 第一站是拉格朗日点。所谓拉格朗日点，就是由质量悬殊的两个天体组成的公转系统中的5个受力平衡点。这些地方具有独特的力学稳定性，因而科学家 们在这些地方部署了大量探测器，例如韦布望远镜就部署在了日地系统L2点。太阳与木星系统中的L4和L ...

Core Insights - A recent analysis by NASA indicates that global ground-based astronomy research may face significant threats from satellite light pollution over the next decade, with approximately 96% of images from low Earth orbit observations potentially affected [1][2] Group 1: Satellite Impact on Astronomy - The number of satellites in orbit has surged to 15,000, up from just 75 in 2019, primarily due to decreased launch costs [2] - Ground-based observations, such as those from NASA's Webb Telescope, may be disrupted by reflected light from these satellites, rendering images unusable for research [2] - Previous studies have focused on the impact of satellites on ground-based astronomy, but the effects on space telescopes have been largely overlooked [2] Group 2: Future Projections and Solutions - NASA's Ames Research Center simulated the field of view changes for four space telescopes at an altitude of 800 kilometers as satellite numbers increase, including NASA's Webb and SPHEREx, ESA's ARRAKIHS, and China's planned survey space telescope [2] - It is projected that 560,000 satellites will be operational in the future, potentially polluting 39.6% of images from the Webb Telescope and 96% of images from the other three telescopes [2] - The average number of satellites observed by the Webb Telescope is estimated to be 2.14, while SPHEREx may see 5.64, ARRAKIHS 69, and the survey telescope 92 [2] - A potential solution proposed is to deploy satellites in orbits lower than those of the telescopes, although this could negatively impact the Earth's ozone layer [2]

Core Insights - The increasing number of satellites in Earth's orbit is significantly impacting ground-based astronomical observations, with a recent study warning that about 96% of images from low Earth orbit space telescopes may be affected by satellite light pollution in the next decade [1][4] - The number of satellites has surged from 75 in 2019 to 15,000 currently, primarily due to reduced launch costs, which poses a threat to the effectiveness of space telescopes like NASA's James Webb Telescope [1][4] Summary by Sections - **Impact on Space Telescopes** - The study highlights that the light pollution from satellites could render images from space telescopes unusable for research purposes [1] - It is noted that previous research has focused on the effects of satellites on ground-based astronomy, while the impact on space telescopes has been largely overlooked [1] - **Current and Future Satellite Projections** - The research indicates that there are currently 15,000 satellites in orbit, with projections suggesting that this number could rise to 560,000 in the future [4] - The anticipated increase in satellites could lead to 39.6% of images from the James Webb Telescope being polluted, while other telescopes like SPHEREx, ARRAKIHS, and a proposed Chinese survey telescope could see 96% of their images affected [4] - **Observational Data** - The average number of satellites observed by various telescopes is projected as follows: James Webb Telescope (2.14), SPHEREx (5.64), ARRAKIHS (69), and the survey telescope (92) [4] - **Potential Solutions** - A suggested solution to mitigate the impact of satellite light pollution is to deploy satellites in orbits lower than those of space telescopes, although this could have adverse effects on the Earth's ozone layer [4]