Group 1 - Coca-Cola has agreed to use real cane sugar in its cola beverages sold in the U.S., as announced by President Trump [1] - Currently, Coca-Cola sells a version of its cola made with cane sugar in Mexico, but it has not confirmed whether all U.S. beverages will switch to cane sugar [1] - The original Coca-Cola sold in the U.S. uses high fructose corn syrup, which is derived from corn and is widely used due to its stability, lower cost, and higher sweetness [1] Group 2 - According to the USDA, cane sugar is expected to account for about 30% of domestic sugar supply in the 2025-2026 period, with the remainder coming from beet sugar and imports [2] - Following the announcement, shares of corn syrup manufacturer Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM) fell by as much as 8% in after-hours trading, while Coca-Cola's stock remained relatively unchanged [2] - The president of the American Corn Refiners Association criticized the move to replace high fructose corn syrup with cane sugar, arguing it could lead to job losses in the U.S. food manufacturing sector and increased imports of foreign sugar without nutritional benefits [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant impact of high fructose consumption, particularly during early life, on neurodevelopment and the potential increase in anxiety disorders in adolescents. It highlights the mechanisms by which fructose affects microglial function and brain development, emphasizing the role of the GLUT5 protein in this process [1][3][11]. Group 1: Fructose Consumption and Health Implications - Fructose is a common sugar that has been widely used in food and beverages, often perceived as a "healthy sugar" due to its low glycemic index and high sweetness [1]. - Over the past 50 years, fructose consumption has surged, primarily due to the use of high fructose corn syrup in processed foods and drinks, which is linked to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver [1][6]. - Excessive fructose intake has also been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and anxiety disorders, particularly among adolescents [1][6]. Group 2: Research Findings on Fructose and Neurodevelopment - A study published in Nature indicates that high fructose intake during early life impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment, potentially leading to increased anxiety risk later in life [2][3][11]. - The research found that high fructose consumption significantly reduces the phagocytic activity of microglial cells in the brains of young mice, which is crucial for clearing dead neurons and ensuring proper brain development [5][7]. - The negative effects of high fructose on brain function are mediated by the GLUT5 protein, which is responsible for fructose transport into cells. The absence of GLUT5 can reverse the adverse effects of high fructose on microglial function [7][9]. Group 3: Implications for Dietary Habits - The findings suggest that early life exposure to high fructose may lead to cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors during adolescence, highlighting the importance of dietary choices during pregnancy and early childhood [9][16]. - The research team is exploring fructose analogs as potential substitutes to mitigate the negative impacts of fructose in modern diets, acknowledging the challenges in changing dietary habits [12][13].