该研究表明， 高果糖摄入 通过诱导代谢重编程促进 辅助 T 细胞 Th1 和 Th17 的生成 ，从而 加重炎症 ，而补充常用的降糖药物 二甲双胍 能够逆转这一影响。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 果糖 （Fructose） ，是一种单糖，是葡萄糖的同分异构体，也是饮食中仅次于葡萄糖的第二丰富的糖类。果糖具有口味好、甜度高、升糖指数低等优点，因此一 度被认为是"健康糖"，被广泛添加到饮料和食品中，以提升口感。例如大家经常喝的 奶茶 等饮料中加的糖，就以果糖为主。 在过去 50 年里，果糖的消费量大幅增加，主要是由于 高果糖玉米糖浆 被广泛用作饮料和超加工食品的甜味剂。过量摄入果糖与高血糖、肥胖、2 型糖尿病、脂 肪肝以及心血管疾病的发生密切相关，还有研究显示，过量摄入果糖可能增加结直肠癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、肝癌等癌症的发病风险 ，并与 乳腺癌患者的不良预后 相关 。 此外，还有一些研究显示， 过量摄入果糖还与焦虑症有关，尤其是在青少年中。 然而，果糖对免疫系统的影响尚未得到足够的重视，其是否能够直接调控获得性免疫，尤其是 T 细胞免疫，仍缺乏足够的研究。 2025 年 8 月 2 6 日， 四川大学华 ...

Core Viewpoint - The excessive intake of added sugars has become a significant public health issue, particularly among children and adolescents, leading to potential long-term effects on obesity, metabolic disorders, and cognitive functions [2][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published by a team from Beijing Normal University indicates that excessive sucrose consumption during early life alters cortical dynamics and adaptive behavior in adulthood [2][5]. - The research utilized wide-field calcium imaging to monitor the activity of the dorsal cortex in adult mice that had consumed high-sugar beverages since weaning, comparing them to a control group [4]. - Findings revealed that mice consuming high-sugar beverages exhibited changes in cortical dynamics and behavioral flexibility, despite no abnormalities in weight gain or glucose tolerance [4][7]. Group 2: Specific Observations - Mice exposed to sucrose during early life showed reduced cortical responses to sucrose in adulthood [7]. - These mice displayed delayed and prolonged learning-related cortical activity during early learning stages [7]. - There was a noted decrease in functional connectivity between the anterior and posterior cortices in mice that consumed sucrose early in life, along with heightened sensitivity to cue-reward association changes [7].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant contributions of Chinese scholars in the latest issue of the journal Nature, with 12 out of 24 papers authored by them, indicating a strong presence in cutting-edge research [1][25]. Group 1: Research on Health and Medicine - A study from Zhaoquan Wang at the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center reveals that high fructose intake in early life impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment, potentially increasing anxiety risk during adolescence [1]. - Research by Yang Wei from the NIH discusses the dynamic assemblies and coordinated reactions involved in non-homologous end joining, providing insights into DNA repair mechanisms [4]. - A paper from Gaoqun Zhang at the Max Planck Institute explores the developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin of thymic mimetic cells, shedding light on immune system development [10]. - A study by Lingjie Sang from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center identifies glycosaminoglycan-driven lipoprotein uptake as a key mechanism for cancer cells to resist ferroptosis, suggesting a new target for cancer therapy [11]. Group 2: Innovations in Technology and Materials - Research by Jianmin Liang at Arizona State University presents a fully open AI foundation model for chest radiography, outperforming existing models in detecting rare chest diseases [2][4]. - A study from Jack Chun-Ting Liu at Stanford University discovers genes enabling the biosynthesis of baccatin III, a precursor for the anticancer drug paclitaxel, addressing the challenge of sourcing sufficient quantities from natural plants [3]. - A paper from Jia Liu at Harvard University introduces a flexible neural implant that grows with the brain, promising advancements in treating neurological disorders [5]. - Research from Zheng Guo at the University of Science and Technology of China demonstrates a new method to enhance the lifespan of perovskite light-emitting diodes, achieving brightness over 1.16 million nits and a lifespan exceeding 180,000 hours [7]. Group 3: Environmental and Earth Sciences - A study by Jianghui Du at ETH Zurich challenges traditional views on marine biogeochemistry, indicating that various trace elements in the ocean originate from the seafloor [6]. - Research by Peng Gao at Peking University investigates phonon transport dynamics across interfaces, providing insights for thermal interface engineering [8]. - A paper from Wei-Yu Qian at Leibniz University presents the preparation of a neutral nitrogen allotrope, which could open new opportunities for energy storage concepts [9].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant impact of high fructose consumption, particularly during early life, on neurodevelopment and the potential increase in anxiety disorders in adolescents. It highlights the mechanisms by which fructose affects microglial function and brain development, emphasizing the role of the GLUT5 protein in this process [1][3][11]. Group 1: Fructose Consumption and Health Implications - Fructose is a common sugar that has been widely used in food and beverages, often perceived as a "healthy sugar" due to its low glycemic index and high sweetness [1]. - Over the past 50 years, fructose consumption has surged, primarily due to the use of high fructose corn syrup in processed foods and drinks, which is linked to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver [1][6]. - Excessive fructose intake has also been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and anxiety disorders, particularly among adolescents [1][6]. Group 2: Research Findings on Fructose and Neurodevelopment - A study published in Nature indicates that high fructose intake during early life impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment, potentially leading to increased anxiety risk later in life [2][3][11]. - The research found that high fructose consumption significantly reduces the phagocytic activity of microglial cells in the brains of young mice, which is crucial for clearing dead neurons and ensuring proper brain development [5][7]. - The negative effects of high fructose on brain function are mediated by the GLUT5 protein, which is responsible for fructose transport into cells. The absence of GLUT5 can reverse the adverse effects of high fructose on microglial function [7][9]. Group 3: Implications for Dietary Habits - The findings suggest that early life exposure to high fructose may lead to cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors during adolescence, highlighting the importance of dietary choices during pregnancy and early childhood [9][16]. - The research team is exploring fructose analogs as potential substitutes to mitigate the negative impacts of fructose in modern diets, acknowledging the challenges in changing dietary habits [12][13].