野田哲夫对话观察者网 【对话/观察者网 唐晓甫】 观察者网：对于非编程相关人员来说，一般会默认编程语言都是开源的，毕竟如果不开源，作为一种语言就不会有太多人使用。但是大家对语言开源的定义 似乎有一些不太一样。野田教授，您能否聊聊开源语言和闭源语言的区别？在Web1.0~2.0时代，从建立生态角度看，究竟是开源好还是闭源好？Ruby作为 一种开源语言，在之前几十年中又扮演了什么样的角色？ AI时代，中美之间的开闭源路线之争正在日趋激烈。以DeepSeek和Qwen为代表的开源AI大模型正在创造新的生态和潮流，并引领中国科技走向世界。但是 也有不少人对开源模式心存疑虑，尤其是对开源软件的盈利模式产生质疑，怀疑选择开源路线究竟能在多大程度上带动地区经济发展，会不会为他人作嫁 衣？ 对于这个问题，我们可以从邻国日本找到参考。早在上世纪末，日本著名软件专家松本行弘就开发了开源语言Ruby，随后岛根县松江市围绕Ruby这一开源 语言成功推动了地区IT产业，促进了相关产业发展。 近日，观察者网邀请到了岛根大学法文学院荣誉教授野田哲夫，请他基于自己的研究经验，谈一谈开源语言对于区域经济乃至软件生态层面的巨大影响。 野田哲夫： ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution and significance of Linux over the past 30 years, highlighting its open development model and resilience against various challenges, including legal battles and market shifts [2][3][5]. Group 1: Historical Context - The beginning of the Linux era marked the end of the Unix era, which had become fragmented due to various proprietary versions [3]. - In the early 1990s, there was a prevailing belief that everything would transition to Windows, but Linux emerged as a strong alternative [3]. Group 2: Development Model - Linux's open development model allowed contributions from anyone, contrasting with the centralized approach of previous software projects [4]. - The development speed of the Linux kernel remained unaffected by significant global events, showcasing its robustness [4]. Group 3: Legal and Market Challenges - The SCO vs. IBM lawsuit was a pivotal moment that, despite initial fears, ultimately legitimized Linux and strengthened its position in the market [5]. - The impact of the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic did not hinder the release of kernel versions, indicating the stability of Linux development [6]. Group 4: Technological Evolution - The adoption of proprietary tools like Bitkeeper and the subsequent creation of Git highlighted the ongoing evolution of development practices within the Linux community [6]. - The importance of face-to-face communication in maintaining a healthy developer community was emphasized, alongside discussions on the relevance of programming languages like C and the rise of Rust [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the growing dissatisfaction among users with Microsoft's Windows 11 due to its intrusive features and advertising practices, leading many, including developers and tech enthusiasts, to switch to Linux as their primary operating system [1][4]. Group 1: User Experience and Transition - The author shares a personal journey of transitioning from Windows to Linux after multiple failed attempts, ultimately driven by frustration with Windows 11's forced features and privacy invasions [1][4]. - After two years of using Linux, the author expresses satisfaction with the decision, despite acknowledging some drawbacks inherent to all operating systems [4][6]. Group 2: Industry Trends and User Rights - The article highlights a broader movement against corporate control in the tech industry, citing examples like the StopKillingGames campaign and the European Digital Markets Act aimed at protecting user rights [5]. - The concept of "right to repair" is gaining traction, challenging manufacturers who restrict repair options through intellectual property laws, indicating a shift towards user ownership and control [5]. Group 3: Philosophical Insights on Freedom - The author emphasizes that achieving true freedom requires effort, and the importance of ownership over products to avoid being manipulated by corporate practices [6][7]. - The article warns against the gradual erosion of user rights, comparing it to a "digital feudalism" where users end up with nothing while being told to be content [7]. Group 4: Call to Action - The author encourages users to resist corporate monopolies and support efforts that promote user rights and freedom, suggesting that Linux is becoming a viable alternative to Windows as more companies undermine user trust [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the 34th anniversary of Linux, highlighting its humble beginnings as a personal project by Linus Torvalds and its evolution into a significant free operating system [2][7]. Group 1 - Linus Torvalds announced the Linux project 34 years ago, describing it as a hobby and not as extensive as GNU [2]. - The initial post in the comp.os.minix newsgroup sought feedback from the Minix community regarding the new free operating system for Intel 386 and 486 clones [6]. - Torvalds emphasized key features of Linux, such as its multithreaded file system and the absence of Minix code, while acknowledging its current limitation to the Intel x86 platform [6]. Group 2 - The first version of the free operating system, version 0.01, was set to be released in September 1991, with the official name "Linux" being chosen by a colleague without Torvalds' consent [7]. - Linux has proven to be a massive success in the free software community, showcasing excellent portability and adaptability across various devices [7]. - The article speculates that 2025 could be a significant year for Linux, especially with the retirement of Windows 10 and the arrival of SteamOS on desktops [7].

Core Viewpoint - Germany is considering replacing Microsoft software with open-source alternatives in government operations to enhance digital sovereignty and reduce reliance on American tech companies [1][3]. Group 1: Government Initiatives - The German Federal Ministry of Digital and National Modernization plans to increase the use of European solutions and open-source software, impacting thousands of public employees including teachers, civil servants, and police [1]. - The ministry has begun testing Open Desk as a potential replacement for Microsoft Office, indicating a possible end to the use of Microsoft products like Outlook, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint in federal government agencies [1]. Group 2: Political Context - The move to reduce dependency on American products is politically motivated, influenced by the uncertainties stemming from the Trump administration's policies [3]. - The Schleswig-Holstein state in Germany is already phasing out Microsoft products, opting for LibreOffice, Linux, Nextcloud, Open-Xchange, and Thunderbird as alternatives [3]. Group 3: Global Trends - Germany is not alone in seeking alternatives to American software; countries like France, Denmark, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela are also adopting open-source systems [5]. - India's Ministry of Defense has introduced a Linux-based operating system, Maya OS, to replace Windows, reflecting a broader trend of enhancing digital sovereignty [5]. - Russia is accelerating the replacement of foreign software with domestic solutions, particularly after the withdrawal of Western companies following the Ukraine conflict [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the importance of foundational software in China's new industrialization process and highlights the financial support provided by the government to enhance the development of this sector by 2027 [3][4][17]. Group 1: Current Status of Foundational Software - Foundational software, including operating systems, databases, and middleware, is crucial for the information technology industry and is emphasized in the government's financial support policies [4][5]. - The market share of domestic desktop operating systems remains low, with Windows holding 72.9% and OSX 15.2% globally, while Linux-based domestic systems face challenges in hardware compatibility and software ecosystem [6]. - In mobile operating systems, Huawei's HarmonyOS has increased its market share from 8% in Q1 2023 to 17% in Q1 2024, surpassing iOS and marking a significant milestone for domestic systems [7][8]. Group 2: Database Market Dynamics - The Chinese database market is projected to grow from approximately 596.16 billion yuan in 2024 to 837.42 billion yuan by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.99% [10]. - The penetration rate of domestic databases in government sectors is nearing 85%, while industries like energy and manufacturing are gradually accelerating their shift towards domestic solutions [11][13]. Group 3: Middleware Market Overview - The middleware market in China is expected to reach 116.9 billion yuan in 2024, growing by 14.0% year-on-year, driven by advancements in AI and cloud computing [14]. Group 4: Investment and Financing Trends - Since 2025, there have been 20 financing cases in the foundational software sector, totaling over 4 billion yuan, indicating increased investment interest [15][16]. - The government's financial support policies are expected to facilitate easier access to long-term financing for foundational software companies, particularly in core technology areas [17][18]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The release of the financial support guidelines is anticipated to inject strong momentum into the foundational software industry, enabling companies to achieve significant growth and innovation [17][19]. - The emphasis on self-sufficiency in foundational software is not only a national security requirement but also a necessary step for sustainable industrial development, presenting new market opportunities [19].

Core Viewpoint - Linus Torvalds criticized a recent RISC-V code submission from a Google engineer, labeling it as "garbage" and highlighting issues with its quality and late submission timing [1][4][19] Submission Issues - The RISC-V code updates were submitted too late, just before the closing of the Linux 6.17 merge window, which led to Torvalds' strong disapproval [4][19] - The engineer, Palmer Dabbelt, acknowledged his mistakes regarding late submissions and expressed intent to improve the quality of future contributions [17] Code Quality Concerns - Torvalds specifically pointed out that some of the code included in the submission was not exclusive to RISC-V and deemed it unnecessary, which he felt would degrade overall code quality [8][10] - He provided examples of poor coding practices, emphasizing that certain functions made the code less readable and more complicated than necessary [10][11] Community Reactions - The incident sparked discussions within the community, with some mocking Torvalds' approach while others defended his direct communication style as effective [18] - Torvalds' history of blunt criticism has been noted, with past apologies for his behavior, yet he continues to maintain high standards for code submissions [17][18] Future Expectations - The RISC-V features will need to wait for the Linux v6.18 release, with a clear directive that future submissions must be made early in the merge window and free of "garbage" code [19]

Core Viewpoint - Linus Torvalds criticized a recent RISC-V code submission from a Google engineer, labeling it as "garbage" and highlighting issues with its quality and timing, which sparked controversy in the tech community [1][4][18]. Group 1: Incident Overview - The incident involved Google Android engineer Palmer Dabbelt submitting RISC-V architecture updates to the Linux 6.17 merge window just before its closure [2][4]. - Linus Torvalds rejected the submission, stating it was submitted too late and criticized the quality of the code [4][5]. Group 2: Specific Code Issues - Torvalds pointed out that the submission included irrelevant code that was not specific to RISC-V, which he deemed inappropriate for the general header files [7][10]. - He provided examples of poor coding practices, such as the unnecessary use of a helper function that obscured code readability [9][10]. Group 3: Response and Community Reaction - Palmer Dabbelt acknowledged the criticism and expressed intent to improve submission practices to avoid late and low-quality contributions in the future [17]. - The incident reignited discussions in the community about Torvalds' direct communication style, with some defending his approach as efficient and necessary [18].

Security Alert - FBI warns Windows and Linux users to enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) immediately [1]

Open Source & Community - Open source projects lacking community contribution tend to be unsustainable [7] - Governance is critical for open source projects, influencing their long-term popularity [3] - The balance between users and contributors is critical for open source projects [7][8] AI & Open Source - AI can be a tool to remove the toil, allowing communities to focus on their passion [18] - The industry is trying to bridge the gap and enable individuals with domain expertise to contribute to AI models without deep AI knowledge or high training costs [9][10] - The goal is to make AI a tool that amplifies human ingenuity, allowing users to shape it for their tasks [19][20] - IBM seeded the granite model with the belief that giving it away for free will foster incredible innovation [6] Challenges & Future - The open source community may face challenges such as concerns about security, collaboration, and geopolitical issues that could fragment open source models [31] - The industry needs to be patient, persistent, and confident to get through the cycle of being ignored, laughed at, fought, and then winning in open source [23][24][25] - The younger generation's passion and belief in open source are consistent, giving hope for the future of technology [28]