公众号记得加星标⭐️，第一时间看推送不会错过。 来源 ：内容 编译自 tomshardware 。 34年前的今天，一位不知名的芬兰计算机科学系学生宣布，一个新的免费操作系统项目"即将启动"。 Linus Benedict Torvalds解释说，这个操作系统"只是个业余爱好，不会像 GNU 那样规模庞大、专 业化"。当然，这标志着这个如今被称为 Linux 的庞大协作项目的首次公开亮相。 上图是 Torvalds 在 comp.os.minix 新闻组上发表的第一篇关于 Linux 的帖子。如今，这位以尖刻、 暴躁、易怒著称的人物，在这篇具有历史意义的 Linux 里程碑帖子中，显得相对温和、顺从且易于 理解。 Torvalds 向 Minix 社区询问了大家对即将为Intel 386和 486 克隆机准备的免费新操作系统的看法。 他解释说，他从几个月前的四月就开始筹备这个项目了，并寻求指导。具体来说，他征求了其他 Minix 用户对该操作系统的喜好，以便与 Linux 区分开来。这位如今已声名显赫的开发者随后对迄 今为止的开发情况进行了粗略的总结。 到了2025年，我们可以自信地说，Linux 是自由软件 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the importance of foundational software in China's new industrialization process and highlights the financial support provided by the government to enhance the development of this sector by 2027 [3][4][17]. Group 1: Current Status of Foundational Software - Foundational software, including operating systems, databases, and middleware, is crucial for the information technology industry and is emphasized in the government's financial support policies [4][5]. - The market share of domestic desktop operating systems remains low, with Windows holding 72.9% and OSX 15.2% globally, while Linux-based domestic systems face challenges in hardware compatibility and software ecosystem [6]. - In mobile operating systems, Huawei's HarmonyOS has increased its market share from 8% in Q1 2023 to 17% in Q1 2024, surpassing iOS and marking a significant milestone for domestic systems [7][8]. Group 2: Database Market Dynamics - The Chinese database market is projected to grow from approximately 596.16 billion yuan in 2024 to 837.42 billion yuan by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.99% [10]. - The penetration rate of domestic databases in government sectors is nearing 85%, while industries like energy and manufacturing are gradually accelerating their shift towards domestic solutions [11][13]. Group 3: Middleware Market Overview - The middleware market in China is expected to reach 116.9 billion yuan in 2024, growing by 14.0% year-on-year, driven by advancements in AI and cloud computing [14]. Group 4: Investment and Financing Trends - Since 2025, there have been 20 financing cases in the foundational software sector, totaling over 4 billion yuan, indicating increased investment interest [15][16]. - The government's financial support policies are expected to facilitate easier access to long-term financing for foundational software companies, particularly in core technology areas [17][18]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The release of the financial support guidelines is anticipated to inject strong momentum into the foundational software industry, enabling companies to achieve significant growth and innovation [17][19]. - The emphasis on self-sufficiency in foundational software is not only a national security requirement but also a necessary step for sustainable industrial development, presenting new market opportunities [19].

整理 | 苏宓 出品 | CSDN（ID：CSDNnews） 在科技圈里，Linux 之父 Linus Torvalds 的火爆脾气早就不是秘密，尤其是在涉及他亲手把控和维护的 Linux 项目时，更是毫不含糊。 最近，他又因为一次与 RISC-V 架构相关的代码更新，直接向一位 Google 工程师"开炮"，甚至当场把提交的部分代码批为"垃圾"，这番言论立刻在社 区里掀起了不小的争议。 事情经过：RISC-V 代码更新被直接"打回" 事情是这样的：Google Android 团队的工程师 Palmer Dabbelt 上周五向 Linux 6.17 的合并窗口提交了一批 RISC-V 架构更新功能，具体包括： 按理说，这些功能对 RISC-V 社区来说是好事，但 Linus 看了代码后直接拒 绝，还加了一句—— "这是垃圾，而且提交得太晚。" 为何会惹怒 Linus？ 据悉，Palmer Dabbelt 是在上周五才将这批 RISC-V 代码更新提交到 Linux 6.17 的合并窗口，而该窗口预计会在周日随 6.17-rc1 发布一同关闭。这也 让 Linus 直言——"提交太晚了"。 不过，惹他动怒的 ...

Core Viewpoint - Linus Torvalds criticized a recent RISC-V code submission from a Google engineer, labeling it as "garbage" and highlighting issues with its quality and timing, which sparked controversy in the tech community [1][4][18]. Group 1: Incident Overview - The incident involved Google Android engineer Palmer Dabbelt submitting RISC-V architecture updates to the Linux 6.17 merge window just before its closure [2][4]. - Linus Torvalds rejected the submission, stating it was submitted too late and criticized the quality of the code [4][5]. Group 2: Specific Code Issues - Torvalds pointed out that the submission included irrelevant code that was not specific to RISC-V, which he deemed inappropriate for the general header files [7][10]. - He provided examples of poor coding practices, such as the unnecessary use of a helper function that obscured code readability [9][10]. Group 3: Response and Community Reaction - Palmer Dabbelt acknowledged the criticism and expressed intent to improve submission practices to avoid late and low-quality contributions in the future [17]. - The incident reignited discussions in the community about Torvalds' direct communication style, with some defending his approach as efficient and necessary [18].

Security Alert - FBI warns Windows and Linux users to enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) immediately [1]

Open Source & Community - Open source projects lacking community contribution tend to be unsustainable [7] - Governance is critical for open source projects, influencing their long-term popularity [3] - The balance between users and contributors is critical for open source projects [7][8] AI & Open Source - AI can be a tool to remove the toil, allowing communities to focus on their passion [18] - The industry is trying to bridge the gap and enable individuals with domain expertise to contribute to AI models without deep AI knowledge or high training costs [9][10] - The goal is to make AI a tool that amplifies human ingenuity, allowing users to shape it for their tasks [19][20] - IBM seeded the granite model with the belief that giving it away for free will foster incredible innovation [6] Challenges & Future - The open source community may face challenges such as concerns about security, collaboration, and geopolitical issues that could fragment open source models [31] - The industry needs to be patient, persistent, and confident to get through the cycle of being ignored, laughed at, fought, and then winning in open source [23][24][25] - The younger generation's passion and belief in open source are consistent, giving hope for the future of technology [28]

Core Viewpoint - The conflict between Linus Torvalds and Bcachefs maintainer Kent Overstreet has escalated to the point where Linus threatens to remove the Bcachefs file system from the Linux kernel due to fundamental disagreements in development philosophy [1][2]. Group 1: Conflict Background - Linus expressed dissatisfaction with Kent's request to merge a new feature patch called "journal-rewind" during the 6.16-rc phase, which traditionally only allows bug fixes [2][3]. - Kent's patch involved over a thousand lines of code and was deemed a new feature, violating the established rules of the merge window [2][3]. Group 2: Escalation of Dispute - The exchange between Linus and Kent became increasingly heated, with Kent responding to Linus's criticism in a confrontational manner, suggesting that Linus was being unreasonable [4][5]. - Kent emphasized the unique risks associated with file systems, arguing that issues could lead to irreversible data loss, unlike other kernel modules [4]. Group 3: Resolution and Future Implications - Despite temporarily accepting the controversial pull request, Linus indicated that he would likely sever ties with Bcachefs during the 6.17 merge window, stating that he no longer found it meaningful to be involved [5].

Core Viewpoint - Linux is a free and open-source operating system inspired by Minix and Unix, created by Linus Torvalds in 1991, allowing anyone to use, modify, and redistribute its source code under the GNU General Public License (GPL) [1] Distribution Recommendations - **Ubuntu**: One of the most popular Linux distributions, known for its stability, long-term support (LTS), and large community. It is suitable for beginners, developers, and enterprise users, with the upcoming Ubuntu 24.04 LTS set to enhance performance and security [3][7] - **Linux Mint**: Based on Ubuntu, it is favored for its user-friendly interface and aesthetic appeal, making it ideal for new Linux users transitioning from Windows [6][9] - **Fedora**: Sponsored by Red Hat, it is recognized for its rapid adoption of new technologies and serves as a testing ground for enterprises before they adopt Red Hat [11][13] - **Debian**: Known for its stability and extensive hardware support, it serves as the foundation for many other distributions and is ideal for server deployment and users prioritizing reliability [15][17] - **Pop!_OS**: Developed by System76, it is optimized for NVIDIA users and AI developers, featuring a modern desktop environment that enhances multitasking efficiency [19] - **Arch Linux**: A lightweight and flexible distribution that allows users complete control over their system, suitable for advanced users and those who prefer a customized environment [21] - **MX Linux**: A lightweight distribution that excels in performance on older hardware, making it suitable for users prioritizing efficiency [23][24] - **openSUSE**: Offers both stable and rolling release versions, appealing to developers and server administrators with its unique management tools [26] - **Zorin OS**: Designed for users transitioning from Windows, it features a modern interface and pre-installed tools for a seamless experience [27][29]

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing controversy surrounding Bcachefs, a file system recently accepted into the Linux kernel, highlights tensions between development practices and adherence to established protocols within the Linux community [1][3][5]. Group 1: Background of Bcachefs - Bcachefs was initiated by Kent Overstreet in 2015, aiming to combine the flexibility of Btrfs with the stability of ext4, featuring capabilities like copy-on-write, snapshots, compression, and checksumming [3]. - The project has been active as an external module for nearly a decade and was officially integrated into the Linux 6.7 kernel in early 2024 [3]. Group 2: Controversy and Development Practices - The recent dispute arose when Kent Overstreet submitted a new feature patch, journal_rewind, during the release candidate (RC) phase of Linux 6.16, which is against the established rule that only bug fixes are allowed at this stage [4][5]. - Linus Torvalds expressed strong discontent with this submission, emphasizing the importance of adhering to the merge window rules and labeling Bcachefs as an experimental file system [5][9]. Group 3: Arguments and Responses - Kent Overstreet defended his actions by arguing that user safety should take precedence over strict adherence to rules, highlighting the potential irreversible data loss that could occur if the file system fails [6]. - He pointed out that the journal_rewind patch was a small addition aimed at improving data recovery, and delaying its integration could significantly impact users [6]. Group 4: Community Reactions - The community has split into two camps: one supporting Linus Torvalds' adherence to process and the other backing Kent Overstreet's user-centric approach [10]. - Some developers criticized the rigid application of rules, suggesting that it could hinder the timely introduction of significant new features into the Linux kernel [11].

Core Viewpoint - The trend of "de-Microsoftization" is gaining momentum in Europe, particularly with the announcement from Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, to completely transition from Microsoft software to Linux and open-source tools by October 2025, coinciding with the end of support for Windows 10 [1][5]. Group 1: Government Initiatives - Schleswig-Holstein's decision will impact approximately 30,000 government employees, with plans to extend the migration to other public service personnel, including teachers [1][2]. - The Danish Digital Affairs Department has also announced a similar transition to LibreOffice and Linux, indicating a broader movement across Europe [1]. Group 2: Reasons for Migration - The primary reasons for this migration include ensuring data localization to protect sensitive information and significant cost savings, with estimates of saving tens of millions of euros in licensing and upgrade costs [2][5]. - The transition aims to avoid the high hardware requirements and forced account bindings associated with Windows 11, which has become a pain point for many organizations [2][5]. Group 3: Migration Steps - The migration will occur in phases, starting with the replacement of Word and Excel with LibreOffice, followed by the deployment of Open-Xchange and Thunderbird, and finally replacing Windows with Linux [3][8]. - The desktop environment will utilize KDE Plasma, and tools like Nextcloud will fill the functionality gaps left by Microsoft [3]. Group 4: Open-Source Advocacy - The LibreOffice Foundation has actively promoted the benefits of transitioning to Linux and LibreOffice, emphasizing user control and privacy [4][5]. - The foundation argues that the combination of Linux and LibreOffice offers a modern, stable, and unrestricted computing environment, compatible with older hardware [6][7]. Group 5: Community Support and Resources - The LibreOffice community provides ongoing maintenance and support, ensuring the software evolves and addresses security issues without licensing fees or vendor lock-in [7]. - The foundation has outlined key steps for individuals and organizations to facilitate the migration process, including testing, compatibility checks, and training [8]. Group 6: Challenges and Considerations - Despite the momentum, there are concerns regarding the effectiveness of open-source software as a complete replacement for Microsoft products, with mixed opinions within user and developer communities [9]. - Historical precedents, such as Munich's previous migration to Linux and subsequent return to Microsoft, highlight the complexities and potential pitfalls of such transitions [9].