Core Insights - Iran and Kazakhstan are set to deepen economic and trade cooperation, with a current bilateral trade volume of approximately $350 million, which both countries aim to increase to between $1 billion and $3 billion [1] Group 1: Trade and Economic Cooperation - Iranian President Pezeshkian visited Kazakhstan to attend a business forum and meet with President Tokayev, highlighting the potential for trade growth [1] - Both leaders proposed the establishment of a Joint Business Council, simplification of business visas, introduction of direct flights, and the establishment of a permanent trade exhibition [1] - Joint project opportunities were identified, including the Caspian Shipping Alliance, storage and distribution facilities in Aktau, joint food and packaging factories, an Iranian building materials export center in Almaty, and mineral processing enterprises [1] Group 2: Infrastructure and Logistics - President Tokayev expressed willingness to collaborate with Iran on expanding port terminals and developing a multimodal transport corridor connecting Central Asia and the Persian Gulf, with logistics and transit transport identified as priority cooperation areas [1] - Private enterprises from both countries signed nine cooperation agreements covering agriculture, mining, and food processing, with one agreement valued at over $1 billion [1]

Core Insights - Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Colombia reached $8.368 billion in the first 11 months of 2025, representing a year-on-year decrease of 16.5% [1] Group 1: Sector Performance - The oil and gas, as well as mining sectors, experienced a significant decline in foreign investment, dropping to $6.384 billion, which is a decrease of approximately $770 million compared to the previous year [1] - Non-resource sectors saw a decline of over 30% in attracted investments year-on-year [1] Group 2: Securities Investment - There was a notable recovery in foreign securities investment, with a net inflow of $7.065 billion this year, reversing the substantial outflow from the previous year [1] - The recovery in securities investment was primarily driven by certain external debt management operations and government bond issuances [1] Group 3: Economic Implications - The decline in foreign investment, particularly in non-resource sectors, poses challenges for employment and long-term technology transfer [1]

王文涛表示，近年来，中国政府不断优化营商环境，加强知识产权保护，全面落实外资企业国民待遇， 为外资企业在华发展营造了良好环境。经贸是中美关系的压舱石和推进器，中美经贸关系稳定符合双方 共同利益，也为跨国公司全球发展提供了更多确定性。中方欢迎包括宝洁在内的跨国公司继续投资中 国，在深化对华创新合作中实现更好发展。 詹慕仁表示，宝洁始终看好中国经济发展潜力，高度赞赏中国营商环境持续改善，将继续加大对华投 资，推动本土研发创新，推出更多中国消费者欢迎的产品，实现互利共赢。 12月16日，商务部部长王文涛在京会见宝洁公司董事长、总裁兼首席执行官詹慕仁。双方就宝洁公司在 华发展、中国营商环境等议题进行交流。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Thai government is implementing stricter measures to combat illegal foreign goods and businesses, aiming to create fair trade conditions for local enterprises and SMEs while enhancing regulatory oversight on e-commerce platforms [1] Group 1: Regulatory Measures - The meeting led by Deputy Prime Minister Anutin focused on developing effective strategies to address illegal foreign goods and businesses [1] - Customs will increase the inspection rate of full container loads (FCL) from 20% to 30% and implement 100% X-ray checks at high-risk border checkpoints [1] - Legal actions have been initiated against over 86,087 violators of regulations concerning illegal foreign goods [1] Group 2: Taxation Changes - Starting January 1, 2026, customs will impose import duties and VAT on goods valued at 1 Thai Baht and above to promote fair trade and prevent the import of substandard products [1] Group 3: E-commerce Regulation - The Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) has introduced a regulation requiring e-commerce platforms to disclose seller and product information, with a notification and delisting mechanism to be implemented by December 31, 2025 [1]

Economic Outlook - Cambodia's economic growth rate is projected to slow down to 4.8% in 2025, down from 6% in 2024 [1] - Multiple internal and external shocks, including a weak real estate sector, border disputes with Thailand, and increased U.S. tariffs, are significantly pressuring economic activity [1] Real Estate and Trade - The ongoing downturn in the real estate market continues to suppress domestic demand and the construction sector's vitality [1] - Tensions at the Cambodia-Thailand border disrupt bilateral trade and have a cascading impact on the labor market and tourism [1] - Starting August 1, 2025, the U.S. will impose a 19% tariff on all imports from Cambodia, further exacerbating external uncertainties [1] Resilience and Investment - Despite economic pressures, Cambodia shows some resilience, with healthy international reserves capable of covering approximately 7.5 months of import needs [2] - The public debt level is low, at about 26% of GDP, indicating good debt sustainability [2] - The average inflation rate for 2025 is expected to remain moderate at 2.7%, not significantly dragging down the economy [2] - In the first half of 2025, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows reached $2.3 billion, a year-on-year increase of 28.4%, effectively offsetting some negative impacts from external imbalances [2]

Core Insights - The PNG Investment Week 2025 (PNGIW25) has successfully boosted investor confidence, showcasing a commitment to building a stronger and more inclusive economy in Papua New Guinea [1] Group 1: Event Overview - PNGIW25 attracted nearly 2,000 representatives from 21 countries, featuring 90 speakers and over 90 exhibitors [1] - The event was attended by the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea and the Prime Minister of Australia, who both delivered speeches [1] Group 2: Key Outcomes - RD Tuna Canning Company announced a joint venture project worth 160 million in the Madang Integrated Economic Zone [1] - Pacific Lime Cement Company signed a development agreement with the Department of International Trade and Investment to advance the Central Lime Cement project [1] - Frieda River Limited received six environmental permits for its copper-gold project and associated infrastructure, including a 600 MW hydroelectric power station [1] - ExxonMobil PNG renewed its sponsorship of the "PNG Kumuls and Digicel ExxonMobil Cup" and signed an electricity project agreement with the Hela Provincial Government [1] - Tisa Bank launched a new product tailored for landowner companies, while Nasfund discussed investment opportunities in the economic zone [1] - Santos reaffirmed its long-term commitment to Papua New Guinea, emphasizing the importance of predictable approval processes and strong leadership for stability [1] - K92 Mining demonstrated confidence through reinvestment [1]

Core Insights - The Iranian Industrial Development and Renovation Organization reported a significant increase in vehicle trade-in programs, with 53,000 vehicles exchanged this year, representing a 330% year-on-year growth [1] Group 1: Vehicle Trade-in Program - The vehicle trade-in program has seen a substantial rise, with 53,000 vehicles exchanged, marking a 330% increase compared to the previous year [1] Group 2: Electric Vehicle Initiatives - The organization is collaborating with the Ministry of Industry and Trade to promote the electrification and localization of public vehicles [1] - The government has introduced incentives for electric taxis, with the total price of electric vehicles around 1.7 billion Tomans, and banks providing 1.2 billion Tomans in interest-free loans, covering nearly 80% of the vehicle price [1] - A total of 270 electric taxis have already been delivered under this initiative [1]

全国零售业创新发展大会9日至10日在北京举行。商务部副部长盛秋平在会上表示，要坚持诚信经营， 以高品质商品和服务赢得消费者青睐，推动商业设施从空间租赁转向场景运营、生态构建，提升可持续 发展水平。要学习推广胖东来等企业好经验好做法，加快转型提升。 ...

外国违法进口商品问题解决分委员会，由海关署署长与对外贸易厅厅长共同担任主席；防范与打击外国 人"代持经营"分委员会，由商业发展厅厅长与中央调查局局长共同担任主席。 据泰媒报道，12月10日，泰国副总理兼财政部长、"违法外国商品与外国商务经营问题解决管理委员 会"主席艾尼提主持召开了该委员会2025年度首次会议，旨在制定更高效、更具实质效果的解决方案， 应对违法的外国商品及外国人经营业务问题。 3.支持对涉嫌"代持经营"的高风险企业开展资金流审查，通过整合商业发展厅与反洗钱办公室的数据， 建立更完善的"股东结构—资金来源—风险行为"审查机制，防止外国人利用泰国人名义隐蔽经营。 会议达成以下共识 1.制定《总理府条例(草案)》，确保针对外国商品及商务经营的政策制定与管理措施能够持续推动，提 升整体效率。 2.设立两个分委员会： 艾尼提强调，政府高度重视提升进口商品安全标准、保护消费者权益，并为泰国企业营造公平竞争环 境。政府将以法律、科技和跨部门协作为主要手段，强化监管不仅是为了依法执法，更是为了重建社会 信心，保护泰国企业与民众免受不公平竞争影响，堵塞外国势力利用泰国经济制度漏洞的途径。他要求 各机构加快落实相 ...

皮帕表示，中小企业促进委员会已批准一系列中小企业援助措施，资金来自中小企业促进基金，总额为 27亿泰铢。此外，内阁于12月2日批准了总额为2670亿泰铢的"快速致胜"金融援助计划，该计划通过中 小企业促进委员会和中小企业促进办公室(OSMEP)监管下的七家专业金融机构实施。措施包括：(1)向 全国中小企业主提供12亿泰铢的低息贷款，并给予本金偿还宽限期；(2)向政府机构、国有企业和私营 组织提供15亿泰铢的财政援助，用于执行中小企业促进行动计划，重点援助受洪水影响的南部九个省份 的中小企业。 据泰媒报道，副总理兼中小企业促进办公室(OSMEP)主席皮帕在总理府董事会会议后透露，会议原则上 批准了紧急措施，以援助全泰国以及受严重洪灾影响的南部九府(宋卡、北大年、也拉、那拉提瓦、博 他仑、董里、沙敦、洛坤和素叻他尼)的中小企业主。中小企业促进办公室(OSMEP)的数据显示，此次 灾害影响了超过20万家企业，超90万人失业。 ...