Arcvideo Tech(688039)

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当虹科技(688039) - 2021 Q1 - 季度财报
2021-04-26 16:00
Financial Performance - Operating revenue increased by 90.26% to CNY 61,750,472.22 compared to the same period last year[6] - Net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 16.77% to CNY 1,442,686.38 compared to the same period last year[6] - The company's operating revenue for Q1 2021 increased by 90.26% year-on-year, reaching CNY 61,750,472.22, driven by significant growth in video solutions and public safety revenue[13] - Video solutions revenue amounted to CNY 21,265,600, representing a 162.20% increase compared to the same period last year, while public safety revenue reached CNY 27,618,200, up 125.82% year-on-year[13] - Net profit for Q1 2021 was ¥1,442,686.38, compared to ¥1,733,453.74 in Q1 2020, reflecting a decrease of approximately 16.8%[31] - The company reported a total profit of ¥1,214,024.95 for Q1 2021, down from ¥1,926,059.71 in Q1 2020, a decline of 37%[34] Cash Flow and Investments - The net cash flow from operating activities improved to CNY -69,519,305.73 from CNY -80,906,984.20 year-on-year[6] - Cash received from sales of goods and services amounted to CNY 40,011,842.46, representing a 43.80% increase from CNY 27,824,972.11[16] - Cash received from other operating activities decreased by 72.12% to CNY 2,244,683.50, down from CNY 8,052,065.08[16] - Cash paid for the purchase of fixed assets and intangible assets increased by 312.49% to CNY 18,945,878.93, compared to CNY 4,593,072.26[16] - The cash outflow from investing activities for Q1 2021 was -¥368,819,842.24, an improvement from -¥635,044,972.03 in Q1 2020[38] - Total cash inflow from investing activities was $225,346,036.69, compared to $450,635,750.23 in the same quarter last year[40] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets decreased by 3.08% to CNY 1,572,186,509.19 compared to the end of the previous year[6] - Total current assets as of March 31, 2021, were CNY 1,380,725,489.06, a decrease from CNY 1,475,016,089.27[21] - Total liabilities as of March 31, 2021, were CNY 97,392,990.68, down from CNY 148,838,846.55[23] - The construction in progress increased by 76.13% to CNY 35,776,331.26, attributed to the development of smart video industry projects[15] Research and Development - R&D investment accounted for 31.42% of operating revenue, a decrease of 2.33 percentage points compared to the previous year[6] - Net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 16.77% year-on-year, primarily due to increased expenses from hiring talent for new product and industry expansions, with R&D expenses rising by 77.09%[13] - Research and development expenses in Q1 2021 amounted to ¥19,400,787.37, which is an increase of 77.0% from ¥10,955,064.75 in Q1 2020[29] - The company plans to continue expanding into new products and industries, focusing on talent acquisition and R&D investment to support growth[13] Shareholder Information - The total number of shareholders reached 3,967 by the end of the reporting period[10] - The top three shareholders held 15.75%, 11.66%, and 11.20% of shares respectively[10] Other Financial Metrics - The weighted average return on equity decreased by 0.02 percentage points to 0.10%[6] - Basic and diluted earnings per share remained unchanged at CNY 0.02[6] - Government subsidies recognized in the current period amounted to CNY 177,002.16[9] - Tax payable decreased by 95.62% to CNY 773,032.40, mainly due to seasonal sales patterns and payments made in the current period[15] - Investment income surged by 340.10% to CNY 1,936,438.36, driven by increased interest income from cash management products[15]
当虹科技(688039) - 2020 Q4 - 年度财报
2021-04-18 16:00
Financial Performance - The company reported a total distributable profit of RMB 229,850,224.20 as of December 31, 2020[7]. - A cash dividend of RMB 5.00 per 10 shares (including tax) is proposed, totaling RMB 40,000,000.00, which accounts for 38.90% of the net profit attributable to shareholders in 2020[7]. - The company's operating revenue for 2020 was CNY 365,891,260.19, representing a 28.60% increase compared to CNY 284,518,014.66 in 2019[23]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders for 2020 was CNY 102,832,043.52, a 21.44% increase from CNY 84,678,912.69 in 2019[23]. - The net cash flow from operating activities was CNY 28,660,067.66, a significant recovery from a negative cash flow of CNY -4,630,272.77 in 2019[23]. - The total assets at the end of 2020 were CNY 1,622,189,678.68, up 7.17% from CNY 1,513,613,537.01 at the end of 2019[23]. - The gross profit margin decreased by 9.18 percentage points to 49.57%[120]. - Operating costs rose to 184.26 million yuan, a significant increase of 57.55% year-on-year[117]. Research and Development - The company achieved a total R&D investment of CNY 61,915,956.95 in 2020, representing a year-on-year increase of 22.38%[84]. - The number of R&D personnel increased by 35.67% year-on-year, reaching 232 by the end of 2020[85]. - The company applied for 63 new invention patents and 119 software copyrights during the reporting period, bringing the total number of invention patents applied to 268[83]. - The company has received 54 authorized invention patents, including 5 foreign patents and 49 domestic patents[83]. - The company’s R&D expenditure accounted for 16.92% of operating revenue in 2020, a slight decrease from 17.78% in 2019[24]. - The company has developed various innovative technologies, including AI video enhancement and 5G edge computing terminals[82]. - The company is focusing on building a fully domestic video encoding platform, optimizing compatibility with domestic servers, CPUs, and operating systems[72]. Market Position and Strategy - The company focuses on intelligent video technology, providing solutions and services in media culture and public safety sectors[29]. - The company aims to expand its market presence in the public safety sector, offering products related to big data applications and mobile video policing[30]. - The company is a leading player in the domestic intelligent video software development industry, particularly in the video encoding and transcoding software market, with over 20 years of core technology accumulation[47]. - The company has established a strong market position in the broadcasting and media sectors, serving major clients including CCTV and provincial television stations[50]. - The company is actively expanding its market presence in the internet video sector, partnering with leading platforms such as Tencent and Youku to enhance its service offerings[51]. Technological Innovations - The company has developed core algorithms for high-quality video encoding, intelligent image recognition, and low-latency video communication[29]. - The company has achieved significant advancements in ultra-high-definition video encoding technology, with 4K/8K HEVC and AVS2/AVS3 support, and is currently developing VVC support[71]. - The company’s content-aware encoding technology can reduce transmission bitrate by 30%-50% while maintaining video quality, addressing the high bandwidth costs in video distribution[74]. - The integration of 5G and AI technologies is driving the video surveillance industry towards ultra-high-definition and intelligent solutions, with the company being one of the few to possess both video encoding and AI recognition technologies[52]. Corporate Governance and Compliance - The company received a standard unqualified audit report from Tianjian Accounting Firm[6]. - The company has no violations of decision-making procedures for external guarantees[10]. - The company has established a commitment to adhere to regulatory requirements regarding share reduction and will follow necessary filing and announcement procedures[168]. - The company has resolved all historical shareholding disputes and ensures clear ownership of shares[175]. Investment and Future Plans - The company plans to continue focusing on the large video field, expanding its presence in the media culture market, and actively investing in the public safety market[149]. - The company is committed to increasing investment in encoding technology to maintain its leading position in the industry[73]. - The company aims to enhance its R&D investment and attract top talent to strengthen its technological reserves[153]. - The company is developing a smart remote education platform with an investment of CNY 500 million, including CNY 335.90 million in the current period[89]. Risk Factors - The company is facing risks related to market competition, technological innovation, and potential fluctuations in raw material prices[107][110]. - The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges that may affect customer demand and product delivery timelines[112].
当虹科技(688039) - 2020 Q3 - 季度财报
2020-10-27 16:00
Financial Performance - Operating revenue increased by 30.45% to CNY 154,598,527.43 for the first nine months of the year[6] - Net profit attributable to shareholders rose by 22.96% to CNY 20,407,706.19 for the first nine months[6] - The company's operating revenue for the first nine months of 2020 was RMB 154,598,527.43, representing a 30.45% increase compared to RMB 118,514,318.70 in the same period of 2019[16] - Operating revenue for Q3 2020 reached ¥60,493,599.89, a 49.7% increase compared to ¥40,435,164.50 in Q3 2019[23] - Net profit for Q3 2020 was ¥3,962,283.30, slightly up from ¥3,873,636.16 in Q3 2019, representing a 2.3% increase[24] - The company reported a gross profit margin of 35.8% in Q3 2020, compared to 62.7% in Q3 2019[23] - The company reported a total comprehensive income of ¥3,962,283.30 for Q3 2020, compared to ¥3,873,636.16 in Q3 2019[24] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets decreased by 4.56% to CNY 1,444,573,095.97 compared to the end of the previous year[6] - Total assets as of the end of Q3 2020 amounted to ¥1,444,573,095.97, a decrease from ¥1,513,613,537.01 at the end of Q3 2019[23] - Total liabilities decreased to CNY 58,629,901.17 from CNY 116,078,048.40, showing a significant reduction in financial obligations[22] - The total equity of the company was ¥1,385,943,194.80 as of the end of Q3 2020, compared to ¥1,397,535,488.61 at the end of Q3 2019[23] - The company reported a total current asset of CNY 1,364,530,505.24, down from CNY 1,455,733,108.52, indicating a decrease in short-term financial resources[21] Cash Flow - Cash flow from operating activities showed a net outflow of CNY 74,855,090.49, compared to a net outflow of CNY 45,007,984.16 in the same period last year[6] - Cash flow from operating activities for the first three quarters of 2020 was negative at -¥74,855,090.49, compared to -¥45,007,984.16 in the same period of 2019[25] - Cash received from sales of goods and services increased by 39.10% to RMB 152,272,526.62, indicating strong sales performance[16] - Total cash received from investment activities increased by 725.52% to CNY 1,306,375,616.72 compared to CNY 158,248,082.00 in the previous period[17] - The cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period amounted to 606,509,802.25 RMB, down from 1,003,595,029.17 RMB at the beginning of the period, reflecting a net decrease of 397,085,226.92 RMB[26] Shareholder Information - The total number of shareholders at the end of the reporting period was 5,768[10] - The top three shareholders held a combined 38.61% of the shares, with the largest shareholder holding 15.75%[10] Expenses and Costs - The cost of goods sold increased by 101.77% to RMB 96,080,403.76, primarily due to the rise in sales revenue, particularly in public safety and video cloud services[16] - Research and development expenses accounted for 23.59% of operating revenue, a decrease of 5.07 percentage points[7] - Research and development expenses for the first three quarters of 2020 totaled ¥36,464,525.24, up 7.4% from ¥33,962,524.54 in the same period of 2019[23] - Cash paid for purchasing goods and services rose by 104.47% to CNY 154,893,055.69 from CNY 75,754,395.61, primarily due to increased payments to suppliers[17] Receivables and Inventory - Accounts receivable rose by 31.11% to RMB 136,606,787.43, attributed to increased sales during the reporting period[15] - Inventory increased by 32.20% to RMB 42,463,004.92, driven by higher demand for raw materials and products[16] - The company reported a decrease in accounts receivable by 113,808,674.57 RMB, with the balance at 217,999,845.36 RMB[28] Borrowings and Financing - The company's short-term borrowings decreased by 34.62% to RMB 10,500,000.00, reflecting repayment of maturing bank loans[16] - Cash received from bank loans increased by 60.04% to CNY 10,500,000.00 from CNY 6,560,911.00, indicating a rise in borrowing[17] - The net cash flow from financing activities was -45,087,950.12 RMB, compared to 6,560,911.00 RMB in the previous period, indicating a significant decrease[26] - The cash inflow from financing activities was 10,500,000.00 RMB, an increase from 6,560,911.00 RMB in the previous period[26] Other Income and Expenses - The company reported a significant increase in other income, which rose by 69.86% to RMB 12,489,979.15, mainly from government subsidies[16] - The company reported a credit impairment loss of RMB -2,974,299.34, reflecting an increase in provisions for bad debts[16] - The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents was -1,499.20 RMB, compared to a positive impact of 633,164.12 RMB in the previous period[26]
当虹科技(688039) - 2020 Q2 - 季度财报
2020-08-17 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for the first half of 2020 was ¥94,104,927.54, representing a year-on-year increase of 20.53%[18] - The net profit attributable to shareholders for the same period was ¥16,445,422.89, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 29.26%[18] - The net profit attributable to shareholders after deducting non-recurring gains and losses decreased by 67.09%, amounting to ¥3,758,822.58[18] - The net cash flow from operating activities was -¥67,366,435.19, indicating a significant increase in cash outflows compared to the previous year[18] - The total assets at the end of the reporting period were ¥1,458,690,769.33, down 3.63% from the previous year[18] - The net assets attributable to shareholders decreased by 1.11% to ¥1,381,980,911.50[18] - The basic earnings per share remained unchanged at ¥0.21, while the diluted earnings per share also stood at ¥0.21[19] - The weighted average return on net assets decreased by 2.1 percentage points to 1.17%[19] Research and Development - The research and development expenditure accounted for 24.01% of operating revenue, a decrease of 2.56 percentage points compared to the previous year[19] - The total R&D investment for the first half of 2020 was approximately 22.59 million yuan, representing 24.01% of the operating revenue, with an 8.89% increase compared to the same period last year[62] - The company has applied for a total of 200 invention patents, with 155 accepted and 45 authorized, including 5 foreign patents and 40 domestic patents as of June 30, 2020[60] - The company has focused on developing new technologies, with 7 invention patents and 36 software copyrights applied for in the first half of 2020[60] - The company has a strong position in facial recognition technology, with algorithms optimized for real-world applications, validated by a first-level certification from the Ministry of Public Security[56] Market Position and Strategy - The company focuses on intelligent video technology, providing solutions and services in media culture and public safety sectors[25] - The company has established a leading market position in the domestic video field, covering major IPTV operators and public safety industry users[38] - The company operates a dual sales model, including direct sales to end customers and indirect sales through distributors and integrators[31] - The company aims to develop smart policing and security solutions, leveraging its video processing and image recognition technologies[27] - The company is classified under the information transmission, software, and information technology services industry[34] Investment and Financial Strategy - The company plans to invest RMB 50 million in Shaoxing Yuexin Investment Partnership, with an initial contribution of RMB 20 million, representing a 5% share[95] - The total investment across all projects amounts to 7,586 million, with cumulative investments reaching 2,074.98 million[67] - The company has established a special account for fundraising to ensure funds are used specifically for designated projects[112] - The company plans to distribute cash dividends amounting to no less than 10% of the distributable profits achieved in the current year[113] - The company will prioritize cash dividends over other forms of profit distribution, ensuring that cash dividends are distributed when conditions permit[113] Risks and Challenges - The company faces risks from rising raw material prices and potential market monopolies in CDN services, which could adversely affect production costs and operational performance[83] - The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose challenges, potentially delaying customer demand and product delivery, impacting sales progress[85] - Accounts receivable have shown a rising trend, which may lead to increased bad debt provisions if customer creditworthiness deteriorates[84] Shareholder Information - The total number of ordinary shareholders at the end of the reporting period was 6,828[156] - The largest shareholder, Dalian Hongchang Enterprise Management Partnership, held 12,596,340 shares, representing 15.75% of total shares[158] - The company has a strategic partnership with CITIC Securities for employee participation in the Sci-Tech Innovation Board, with a lock-up period of 12 months[164] - The total number of shares held by the top ten restricted shareholders is 42,000,000, with various lock-up periods ranging from 12 to 36 months[162] Compliance and Governance - The company appointed Tianjian Accounting Firm as the auditor for the 2020 fiscal year, approved at the 2019 annual shareholders' meeting[118] - The company and its controlling shareholders adhered to legal and regulatory requirements, maintaining integrity without any instances of unfulfilled court judgments or significant overdue debts[118] - The company has implemented a new revenue recognition policy effective from January 1, 2020, in accordance with the latest accounting standards, which will not have a significant impact on its financial position and operating results[125] Future Outlook - Future outlook remains cautiously optimistic, with no specific performance guidance provided for the upcoming quarters[133] - The overall performance outlook remains positive, with expectations for growth in user data and market expansion initiatives[164] - The company is exploring new strategies for market expansion and product innovation[139]
当虹科技(688039) - 2019 Q4 - 年度财报
2020-04-26 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2019 was ¥284.52 million, representing a year-over-year increase of 39.78% compared to ¥203.55 million in 2018[21]. - Net profit attributable to shareholders for 2019 was ¥84.68 million, up 32.52% from ¥63.90 million in 2018[21]. - The basic earnings per share for 2019 was ¥1.37, reflecting a 29.25% increase from ¥1.06 in 2018[22]. - The company's total assets at the end of 2019 reached ¥1.51 billion, a 239.56% increase from ¥445.76 million at the end of 2018[21]. - The company's net assets attributable to shareholders increased by 264.65% to ¥1.40 billion in 2019 from ¥383.26 million in 2018[21]. - The cash flow from operating activities for 2019 was negative at -¥4.63 million, a decline of 174.62% compared to ¥6.21 million in 2018[21]. - The company reported a net profit of ¥68.08 million in Q4 2019, with total revenue for the quarter at ¥166.00 million[25]. - Non-recurring gains and losses for 2019 totaled ¥7.97 million, compared to ¥2.57 million in 2018[28]. - The main business revenue reached CNY 283.53 million, with a year-on-year increase of 39.43%[88]. - The main business cost was CNY 116.96 million, which increased by 50.19% year-on-year[87]. - The gross profit margin for the media culture sector was 65.84%, while the public safety sector had a gross profit margin of 28.36%[90]. Research and Development - Research and development expenses accounted for 17.78% of operating revenue in 2019, a slight decrease from 17.99% in 2018[22]. - The company's R&D investment in 2019 was CNY 50,592,777.82, accounting for 17.78% of total revenue, with a year-on-year growth of 38.19%[59][60]. - The number of R&D personnel increased to 171, representing 72.46% of the total workforce, a 33.59% increase from the previous year[59][60]. - The company applied for 82 invention patents in 2019, totaling 193 applications by year-end, with 157 accepted and 36 granted, including 5 foreign patents[58]. - The company's video quality evaluation score (VMAF) averages 95 across various encoding parameters for low-bitrate videos[52]. - The company has made substantial investments in R&D for ultra-high-definition technology, enhancing its competitive edge in the media and public safety sectors[74]. - The company’s R&D model combines waterfall and agile methodologies, ensuring a structured yet flexible approach to software development[35]. - The company’s intelligent portrait recognition technology has been optimized for real-world applications, achieving high accuracy in various scenarios[55]. - The company’s video transcoding technology is recognized as industry-leading, supporting both hardware and software decoding capabilities[53][55]. Market Position and Strategy - The company has established a leading market position in the domestic video sector, particularly in the broadcasting industry, serving major IPTV operators and internet video companies[42]. - The AVS2 video standard, adopted as the sole video encoding standard in the 4K Ultra HD Television Technology Application Implementation Guide, positions the company as a key supplier for broadcasting-grade AVS2 real-time encoders[43]. - The company aims to leverage its technological advantages in video processing to expand its market presence and enhance product offerings[68]. - The company plans to develop a new video aggregation prevention platform based on AI video recognition technology for the public safety market[113]. - The company will focus on integrating offline product solutions with online video cloud services to create comprehensive service solutions in the media and entertainment sector[112]. - The company has developed a comprehensive solution for live broadcasting, including collection, processing, broadcasting, encoding, encryption, distribution, presentation, and monitoring, deployable on various computing infrastructures[31]. Corporate Governance and Compliance - The company has received a standard unqualified audit report from Tianjian Accounting Firm[6]. - The company has no violations of decision-making procedures regarding external guarantees[10]. - The company’s financial report is guaranteed to be true, accurate, and complete by its responsible persons[7]. - The company has committed to not using company funds for personal or controlled entities' debts or guarantees[135]. - The company emphasizes the protection of shareholder and creditor rights, continuously improving corporate governance and internal control systems[149]. - The company will ensure compliance with information disclosure obligations and relevant approval processes for related party transactions[135]. - The company has reported a clear ownership structure with no disputes or potential disputes regarding shareholding[133]. Shareholder and Dividend Policies - The company plans to distribute a cash dividend of RMB 4.00 per 10 shares, totaling approximately RMB 32 million, subject to shareholder approval[7]. - The company intends to maintain a cash dividend policy that ensures at least 10% of the distributable profit is allocated for dividends annually, barring significant investment plans[117]. - The company commits to a cash dividend policy, distributing at least 10% of the annual distributable profit as cash dividends[131]. - The company will enhance its internal management and information technology systems to improve operational efficiency[113]. - The company will implement an innovative incentive mechanism to boost the motivation of core employees and management[114]. Risks and Challenges - The company reported no significant risks affecting its operations during the reporting period[4]. - The company is facing risks related to market competition and potential fluctuations in raw material prices, which could impact operational performance[81]. - The macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain, potentially affecting project completion and investment budgets[84]. - The company is facing risks related to accounts receivable exceeding credit terms, which may adversely affect profitability and cash flow[82]. Social Responsibility and Community Engagement - The company actively participates in social welfare activities, including targeted assistance for impoverished students in Guizhou Province[154]. - The company’s main business involves the research, design, and sales of intelligent video technology and solutions, with no traditional production processes that cause environmental pollution[155].
当虹科技(688039) - 2020 Q1 - 季度财报
2020-04-26 16:00
Financial Performance - Operating revenue fell by 24.19% to CNY 32,455,743.79 year-on-year[8] - Net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 71.69% to CNY 1,733,453.74 compared to the same period last year[8] - Basic and diluted earnings per share dropped by 80.00% to CNY 0.02 per share[8] - The net profit attributable to the listed company decreased by 71.69% to ¥1,733,453.74, significantly impacted by the pandemic affecting major clients[15] - Net profit for Q1 2020 was CNY 1,733,453.74, a decrease of 71.7% compared to CNY 6,123,706.43 in Q1 2019[23] - Total comprehensive income for Q1 2020 was CNY 1,733,453.74, a decrease of 71.7% from CNY 6,123,706.43 in Q1 2019[23] Cash Flow - Net cash flow from operating activities was negative at CNY -80,906,984.20, a decline of 153.20% year-on-year[8] - Cash received from investment activities surged to 450,635,750.23 RMB, an increase of 801.27% compared to 50,000,000.00 RMB in the previous year[16] - Cash outflow from operating activities totaled CNY 116,784,021.39, an increase of 39.0% compared to CNY 84,122,096.57 in Q1 2019[26] - Cash flow from investment activities showed a net outflow of -CNY 635,044,972.03, compared to -CNY 203,290,406.00 in Q1 2019[26] - Cash and cash equivalents at the end of Q1 2020 were CNY 292,331,336.94, significantly up from CNY 23,055,440.55 at the end of Q1 2019[26] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets decreased by 2.57% to CNY 1,474,766,060.83 compared to the end of the previous year[8] - The company reported a total asset value of 1,474,766,060.83 RMB as of March 31, 2020, compared to 1,513,613,537.01 RMB at the end of 2019[21] - Total liabilities amounted to 75,497,118.48 RMB, down from 116,078,048.40 RMB, indicating a reduction of 34.93%[21] - The company’s cash and cash equivalents decreased to 465,351,152.94 RMB from 1,187,253,254.12 RMB, a decline of 60.80%[20] Expenses - Operating costs increased to 21,648,233.22 RMB, up from 17,758,909.24 RMB, representing a rise of 21.00%[22] - Sales expenses decreased by 32.46% to ¥4,072,978.63, mainly due to reduced travel and entertainment expenses amid the pandemic[15] - Management expenses increased by 61.54% to ¥5,770,961.62, primarily due to increased personnel costs[15] - Tax expenses decreased by 71.69% to ¥192,605.97, primarily due to a decline in operating profit[15] - Financial expenses increased by 250.48% to -¥4,304,306.04, mainly due to increased interest income from bank deposits[15] Shareholder Information - The total number of shareholders was 6,345 at the end of the reporting period[11] - The largest shareholder, Dalian Hongchang Enterprise Management Partnership, held 15.75% of the shares[12] Research and Development - R&D investment accounted for 33.75% of operating revenue, an increase of 7.02 percentage points compared to the previous year[8] - Research and development expenses were reported at 10,955,064.75 RMB, slightly down from 11,445,242.15 RMB, reflecting a decrease of 4.28%[22] Changes in Accounting Standards - The company will implement the new revenue recognition standards starting January 1, 2020, affecting the financial statements[30] - The cumulative impact of the new revenue standards will adjust the financial statement amounts at the beginning of 2020[30]