固定收益专题报告 2026 年 02 月 12 日 全球主要经济体的央行已将二级市场买卖国债作为流动性与利率调控工核 心具。美联储以国债为核心资产，构建了覆盖全曲线的资产负债表调控框 架。中国央行正加快推进国债买卖常态化操作，推动货币政策工具升级、利 率调控效能提升。本报告通过比较分析中美操作模式与逻辑的异同，对未 来工具运用和政策路径进行了展望。 美联储资产配置以国债为核心，全曲线购买，紧密联动货币政策。主体上， 美联储的国债买卖操作主要由纽约联邦储备银行执行。结构上，美联储持 有的证券资产以国债为主，持有国债占比约三分之二左右，其中中长期国 债占比达 55%；非国债占比稳步提升。期限结构上覆盖全曲线，久期配置 均衡，兼顾短期流动性调控与长期利率预期稳定。操作上，美联储以买入并 持到期为主，卖出较为有限。国债操作与货币政策周期高度联动，可精准调 控市场流动性。降息周期加大国债买入、扩表投放流动性；加息周期则减少 购债、缩表回收流动性。 我国央行国债买卖操作仍处渐进发展阶段。对标主要发达国家，我国央行 持有国债的规模、期限、操作目标和功能定位上都存在显著差异。规模上， 2025 年我国央行持有国债占其总资产比 ...

固定收益专题报告 2026 年 02 月 06 日 证券研究报告 双利差走阔：曲线陡峭化延续，定价逻辑分化 [Table_Author] 董利 分析师 陈国文 分析师 证书:S1320525070001 证书:S1320524070001 Email:dongli@lczq.com Email:chenguowen@lczq.com 投资要点： 期限利差是收益率曲线变化的核心力量，也是观察货币政策传导、增长 预期变化与债券供需结构调整的重要窗口。10Y-1Y 利差、30Y-10Y 利 差是观察收益率曲线形态变化、把握市场资金定价逻辑的关键指标。当 前 10Y-1Y 和 30Y-10Y 利差持续走阔，创十年以来高点，未来期限利差 走势备受市场关注。本报告系统梳理 10Y-1Y 与 30Y-10Y 两大关键利差 的驱动机制与阶段性演变特征，揭示不同期限利差的主导力量差异及其 结构变化趋势。 10Y-1Y 利差出现稳定的短端主导特征。理论上，10Y-1Y 利差主要受政 策利率、中长期增长与通胀预期以及国债供需结构变化决定。我国经验 表明，短端利率是利差波动的核心锚点，长端利率是利差变化的放大器。 （1）1Y 国债收 ...

证券研究报告 宏观经济点评 2026 年 02 月 04 日 1 月高频数据跟踪 [Table_Author] 魏争 分析师 Email:weizheng@lczq.com 证书:S1320524100001 摘要： 生产端看，开工率边际回暖，工业品库存、产能利用率分化。开工率方 面，1 月，247 家高炉开工率 78.96%，略有抬升，但仍偏弱；电炉开工 率、螺纹钢开工率分别为 62.44%、38.77%，高于上月均值。水泥磨机开 工率为 27.92%，较上月回落；除沥青外，化工品开工率普遍回升：石油 沥青开工率均值为 26.23%，低于上月；纯碱、PVC、PTA 开工率均值分 别为 84.36%、79.12%、76.10%，均较上月明显提升。库存方面，冷 轧、热卷、浮法玻璃去库，环比增速分别为-3.58%、-7.91%、-7.63%， 螺纹钢、铁矿石、炼焦煤库存上升，环比增速分别为 4.57%、6.65%、 0.36；水泥库容比、水泥发运率环比回落，环比分别为-4.28%、 10.93%。产能利用率方面，焦化产能利用率略下降，录得 76.38%；电炉 产能利用率为 53.74%，较上期均值略提升；水泥熟料 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No specific industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The economic prosperity level has declined, with both supply and demand weakening, but the internal structure shows significant differentiation. The manufacturing PMI in January was 49.3%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, falling back into the contraction range, indicating weakened manufacturing repair momentum due to the combined effect of weakening demand and seasonal factors [3]. - Different enterprises and industries continue to show differentiated prosperity, with an overall downward trend. The prosperity indices of large, medium, and small enterprises have decreased to varying degrees. In terms of industries, high - tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing supported by industrial upgrading maintain resilience, while the basic raw materials industry has a low and declining prosperity, and the consumer goods industry's prosperity index has fallen below the boom - bust line [5]. - The service industry's prosperity hovers at a low level, and the construction industry's prosperity has significantly declined. The service industry's new order index, input price index, and sales price index have changed to different extents, and the construction industry has been affected by seasonal factors, with a sharp decline in new orders and business activity expectations [7]. 3. Summary by Related Contents Manufacturing Industry - **Demand**: The new order index was 49.2%, down 1.6 percentage points from the previous value, falling below the boom - bust line again. The new export order decreased by 1.2 percentage points to 47.8%, and the difference between new orders and new export orders narrowed to 1.4 percentage points, indicating a relatively larger decline in domestic demand. The backlog order index fell 0.9 percentage points to 45.1%, further confirming insufficient demand [4]. - **Production and Inventory**: The PMI production index in January was 50.6%, down 1.1 percentage points from the previous value, still above the boom - bust line. The production - operation activity expectation has declined but is still above the boom - bust line. The supplier delivery time has slightly decreased and is still in the expansion range. The finished - goods inventory index rose 0.4 percentage points to 48.6%, indicating a low - level improvement in inventory [4]. - **Price**: The raw material purchase price index rose 3 percentage points to 56.1% due to rising international commodity prices. The ex - factory price index rose 1.7 percentage points to 50.6%, but the increase was significantly smaller than that of the purchase price index. The price scissors gap continued to widen, suppressing enterprises' purchasing willingness, and the enterprise purchase volume index fell 2.4 percentage points to 48.7%, falling into the contraction range [5]. - **Enterprise Size**: The prosperity index of large enterprises fell 0.3 percentage points to 50.3%, still in the expansion range; the medium - sized and small - sized enterprises decreased to 48.7% and 47.4% respectively, remaining in the contraction range [5]. Service Industry - The service industry's prosperity index in January was 49.5%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, remaining stable at around 49.5% for three consecutive months. The new order index decreased by 0.2 percentage points to 47.1%, the input price index decreased by 0.4 percentage points to 49.7%, and the sales price index increased by 0.8 percentage points to 48.9%. Industries such as monetary and financial services, capital market services, and insurance have higher business activity indices, while industries such as wholesale, accommodation, and real estate have business activity indices below the critical point [7]. Construction Industry - The construction industry's prosperity index dropped significantly by 4 percentage points to 48.8%, falling into the contraction range. Affected by seasonal factors, construction activities slowed down in January, demand dropped sharply, and business activity expectations became more cautious. The new order index decreased by 7.3 percentage points to 40.1%, and the business activity expectation index decreased by 7.6 percentage points to 49.8%, indicating that enterprises lack confidence in the industry's development [7].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the industry is Neutral (downgraded) [5] Core Insights - The report highlights that the recent surge in gold prices is attributed to a combination of factors including changes in monetary policy expectations, increased geopolitical risks, and a weakening dollar [4][6][9] - The market is currently experiencing a phase of volatility due to the nomination of Kevin Walsh as the next Federal Reserve Chairman, which has led to significant fluctuations in gold prices [7][8] Summary by Sections Industry Events - On January 28, 2026, the Federal Reserve decided to maintain the federal funds rate target range at 3.5%-3.75%, marking the first pause after three consecutive rate cuts [3] - On January 30, 2026, President Trump announced the nomination of Kevin Walsh for the next Federal Reserve Chairman, pending Senate approval [3] - Following these announcements, gold prices reversed their upward trend, with COMEX gold futures experiencing a single-day drop exceeding 10%, the largest since the 1980s [3] Economic Analysis - The U.S. economy shows resilience, with a labor market characterized as "weak but not failing." The unemployment rate has risen but remains within manageable limits, and non-farm payroll growth has slowed without entering a critical downturn [4] - Inflation metrics, including CPI and core CPI, have significantly decreased compared to pre-rate hike levels, yet still fall short of the 2% target [4] Market Dynamics - The report identifies three main drivers for the recent gold price movements: 1. Increased demand for safe-haven assets due to geopolitical tensions [6] 2. A weakening dollar and the ongoing process of "de-dollarization" globally [6] 3. Political risks affecting the independence of the Federal Reserve, with expectations of a more aggressive monetary policy shift [6] Future Outlook - Short-term adjustments in gold prices are anticipated due to profit-taking and market corrections following the recent highs [9] - Despite potential short-term declines, the long-term outlook for gold remains positive, supported by structural factors such as ongoing dollar depreciation and rising fiscal and debt risks in the U.S. [9]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the industry is Neutral (downgraded) [5] Core Insights - The report highlights that the recent surge in gold prices is driven by a combination of factors including changes in monetary policy expectations, increased geopolitical risks, and a weakening dollar [4][6][9] - The nomination of Kevin Walsh as the next Federal Reserve Chair is expected to influence market dynamics, with potential implications for gold prices due to concerns over the independence of the Fed and future monetary policy direction [7][8][9] Summary by Sections Industry Events - On January 28, 2026, the Federal Reserve decided to maintain the federal funds rate target range at 3.5%-3.75%, marking the first pause after three consecutive rate cuts [3] - On January 30, 2026, President Trump announced the nomination of Kevin Walsh for the next Fed Chair, pending Senate approval [3] - Following these announcements, gold prices experienced a significant reversal, with COMEX gold futures dropping over 10% on January 30, marking the largest single-day decline since the 1980s [3] Market Performance - As of January 28, 2026, London spot gold prices reached $5,309.95 per ounce, with a monthly increase of 23.19% [4] - After the Fed's decision, gold prices surged again, hitting a new record of $5,598.75 per ounce [4] Geopolitical and Economic Factors - The report identifies several geopolitical events that have heightened demand for safe-haven assets like gold, including military conflicts and trade tensions [6] - The weakening of the dollar and the ongoing process of "de-dollarization" are also contributing to gold's appeal as a non-dollar store of value [6] - The political pressure on the Fed's independence is expected to influence future monetary policy, potentially leading to a more accommodative stance [8][9] Future Outlook - Short-term adjustments in gold prices are anticipated due to profit-taking and market corrections following the recent surge [9] - However, the long-term outlook for gold remains positive, supported by structural factors such as ongoing dollar depreciation and rising fiscal risks in the U.S. [9]

固定收益点评报告 2026 年 02 月 02 日 证券研究报告 12 月财政数据点评：收支承压，紧平衡加据 Email:dongli@lczq.com Email:chenguowen@lczq.com 证书:S1320525070001 证书:S1320524070001 投资要点： 事件：2026 年 1 月 30 日，财政部公布了 2025 年全国财政收支情况。一 般公共预算收入 21.6 万亿元，一般公共预算支出 28.7 万亿元；政府性基 金收入 5.77 万亿元，政府性基金支出 11.29 万亿元。 核心观点：2025 年 12 月财政运行呈现"收入大幅下滑、支出降幅收窄"的 显著特征，全年看财政主要指标"收入略欠、支出滞后、基金缺口扩大"， 均未完全达到年初预算目标。同时，结构性矛盾突出，中央收入大幅下降， 拖累一般公共预算收入转负；财政支出增速持续回落，资金落地节奏偏缓； 土地出让金收入疲软，拖累政府性基金收支。往后看，在财政紧平衡格局 下，收入端修复仍面临内需疲软和盈利承压双重约束，支出端更依赖加快 资金拨付和形成实物工作量对冲下行压力。重点关注"提高资金使用效率、 推动跨年项目加速落地" ...

Economic Growth - The actual GDP growth in Q4 was 4.5%, achieving an annual growth rate of 5.0%, meeting the annual target[3] - Nominal GDP grew by 3.8% year-on-year, with an annual cumulative growth of 4.0%[3] - The GDP deflator index was -1.0%, slightly narrowing compared to previous figures[3] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment saw a significant decline, with a cumulative year-on-year decrease of 3.8% for 2025, a drop of 7.0 percentage points from the previous year[4] - Infrastructure investment (narrow and broad) fell by -2.2% and -1.5% respectively, marking a notable slowdown compared to 2024[4] - Manufacturing investment increased by only 0.6% in December, down 1.3 percentage points from the previous month and down 8.6% from 2024[4] Consumer Behavior - Retail sales of consumer goods grew by 3.7% year-on-year for 2025, a slight increase of 0.2 percentage points from 2024[5] - December retail sales showed a year-on-year growth of 0.9%, down 0.5 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a slow recovery[5] - Subsidized consumption remained a key support, with household appliances and furniture seeing annual growth rates of 11.0% and 14.6% respectively[6] Real Estate Market - Real estate development investment decreased by 17.2% year-on-year, with December's decline expanding to 35.8%[4] - New construction area in December fell by 19.4%, but the decline was less severe than the previous month, indicating potential stabilization[4] - The sales area and sales revenue of commercial housing showed a narrowing decline of -15.6% and -23.6% respectively in December, suggesting marginal improvement[4]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the industry [6] Core Insights - The EMB (Electro-Mechanical Brake) system is identified as a key foundation for developing intelligent chassis and achieving active safety in vehicles, with mass production expected to begin in 2026 [1][3] - The EMB system features a decoupled hardware and software architecture, eliminating components like the iBooster and hydraulic lines, allowing for direct control of braking force at the wheel hub, which meets the rapid and precise braking demands of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) [3][4] - The domestic EMB market is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 70% from 2026 to 2030, with an expected market size exceeding 11.5 billion yuan by 2030 [4][48] Summary by Sections 1. Overview of Brake Technology Development - Traditional fuel vehicles used vacuum boosters for braking, which are expected to be phased out due to their complexity and slow response times [10] - The transition to electric vehicles has led to the adoption of electric vacuum pumps, but they have not been widely accepted due to issues like noise and short lifespan [11] - In the era of intelligent and connected vehicles, both EHB (Electro-Hydraulic Brake) and EMB systems are expected to develop concurrently, with EMB being more suitable for future intelligent chassis technology [13][14] 2. Introduction to EMB Line Control Braking - EMB achieves soft and hard decoupling by directly controlling the braking force at each wheel through electrical signals, enhancing response time and efficiency [27] - The EMB system includes electronic brake calipers, controllers, and various sensors, making it the control center for multiple safety algorithms [27] - The commercial application of EMB in commercial vehicles is anticipated to be faster than in passenger vehicles due to higher demands for braking performance and safety [37] 3. Market Size and Growth Potential - The EMB market is expected to see significant growth, with projections indicating a market size of over 11.5 billion yuan by 2030, driven by the rapid development of intelligent connected vehicles [48][51] - The report outlines a detailed forecast for EMB penetration rates, estimating a market size of approximately 1.42 billion yuan in 2026, with a projected CAGR of over 70% from 2026 to 2030 [51][52] 4. Participating Companies - Several domestic companies are accelerating their layout in the EMB market, with mass production timelines generally targeting 2025-2026 [52] - Key players include traditional brake system manufacturers like Bosch and Continental, as well as domestic firms such as Berteli and Asia-Pacific Co., which are preparing for mass production [52][54] - Startups like Coordinate Systems and Huasheng Ruili are also making strides, with some already achieving prototype development and testing [53][54]

Report Summary 1. Report's Industry Investment Rating - No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The rebound of the December PMI data needs further observation. Although the manufacturing PMI has unexpectedly rebounded, there are still potential risks, and policy support is required. The service industry has a slight rebound but remains in the contraction range, while the construction industry has significantly improved due to the release of the effects of stable - growth policies [3]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Manufacturing Industry - **Overall PMI**: In December, the manufacturing PMI was 50.1%, up 0.9 percentage points from the previous month, returning to the expansion range after eight months. Policy transmission lag, Spring Festival misalignment, and industry structure optimization are the main reasons for the unexpected rebound, but there are still problems such as the low - prosperity of small enterprises [3]. - **Production**: The December production index was 51.7%, up 1.7 percentage points from the previous value, indicating strong production resilience. The main reason for the sharp rebound is the Spring Festival misalignment, as the Spring Festival in 2026 is later than usual [4]. - **Demand**: The new order index was 50.8%, up 1.6 percentage points from the previous value, indicating a significant overall improvement in demand. The improvement in domestic demand is the core, and external demand maintains resilience. The increase in indices such as procurement volume, on - hand orders, finished - product inventory, and raw - material inventory supports the short - term recovery of demand [5]. - **Prices**: The raw material purchase price was 53.1%, still in the expansion range, and the ex - factory price index rose 0.7 percentage points to 48.9%. The "low - selling - price, high - cost" pattern restricts corporate profit repair and investment expansion willingness [6]. - **Enterprise Structure**: Large - and medium - sized enterprises and small enterprises, as well as high - tech and consumer goods industries and traditional industries, show significant differentiation. Large - scale enterprises support the overall improvement of the manufacturing industry, while small enterprises have a low prosperity level. High - tech manufacturing and consumer goods industries perform well, while some traditional industries face demand contraction pressure [8]. Service Industry - In December, the service industry prosperity index was 49.7%, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, but still in the contraction range for two consecutive months. The demand has increased, and the expectation has improved, but the price is weak. The lack of service repair power mainly comes from the transformation of traditional industries and the continuous adjustment of the real - estate market [9]. Construction Industry - The construction industry prosperity index increased significantly by 3.2 percentage points to 52.8%, mainly due to the lag effect of previous stable - growth policies, the relatively high temperature in southern provinces, and enterprises seizing the construction progress near the two festivals. Structurally, demand has improved at a low level, input prices are expanding, business activity expectations are optimistic, while sales prices and the employee index are weak [10].