证券研究报告 宏观经济点评 2025 年 12 月 15 日 11 月金融数据点评：社融结构改善，但信贷内生修复仍偏弱 [Table_Author] 沈夏宜 分析师 魏争 分析师 证书:S1320523020004 证书:S1320524100001 Email:shenxiayi@lczq.com Email:weizheng@lczq.com 投资要点： 社融存量增速持平前值（8.5%）。11 月新增社融 2.49 万亿元，同比多增 1597 亿元，存量增速与前值持平。结构上看，政府债与人民币贷款仍对 社融形成一定拖累，但企业债、信托贷款与未贴现银行承兑汇票边际改 善，对当月社融形成有效对冲。 企业部门信贷结构边际改善。当月企业短期贷款新增 1000 亿元，同比多 增 1100 亿元。一方面，在居民部门信贷需求偏弱的背景下，银行通过企 业短贷与票据进行"冲量补位"。另一方面，在央行"督促银行不发放税 后利率低于同期限国债收益率贷款"的政策导向下，低收益票据贴现投放 受到一定约束，银行可能倾向于加大企业短贷投放，以维持信贷供给力 度。企业中长期贷款新增 1700 亿元，同比少增 400 亿元，降幅较前月明 ...

核心观点： 12 月 10 日，美联储宣布将联邦基金利率区间下调至 3.5%~3.75%，降息 25bps，并重启短债扩表，整体表态比市场预期更偏鸽。会前，市场对此 次降息的预期已达到 90%以上，但普遍担忧这次降息是本轮最后一次。但 是，美联储会议声明和记者问答比预期更温和，市场对后续降息的信心提 振。会议声明（Statement）的增量信息不多，唯一变化在于对失业率的 描述由"截止 8 月有所上行但保持低位"变为"截至 9 月有所上行"，体 现劳动力市场弱化趋势更为显著。记者会上，鲍威尔也明确提出，自 4 月 以来非农就业平均每月增加 4 万，但其中夸大的成分或有 6 万，相当于每 月负增 2 万人，指向对就业市场下行风险的担忧。与放缓的现状相对的 是，12 月的经济预期摘要（SEP）上调了对于未来的 GDP 预期，并下调 了通胀预期和失业率预期，显示 2026 年美国经济预期边际好转，AI 经济 和财政支出的拉动预期对美国经济形成额外支撑。此外，在经济前景不确 定性较强的情况下，FOMC 委员会内部分歧继续加深，本次投票共三人反 对，其中 Miran 支持降息 50bps，Schmid 和 Goolsb ...

Employment Data - In September, the U.S. non-farm payrolls increased by 119,000, exceeding expectations of 51,000, while the unemployment rate rose to 4.4%, higher than the expected and previous value of 4.3%[3] - The labor force participation rate unexpectedly increased to 62.4%, contributing to the rise in the unemployment rate as more individuals entered the labor market[3] Sector Performance - Employment in the service sector rose by 87,000, with notable increases in education and healthcare (+59,000) and leisure and hospitality (+47,000)[4] - The goods-producing sector added 10,000 jobs, with construction contributing significantly (+19,000), marking a recovery from previous declines[4] Labor Market Trends - The labor force increased by 470,000, but only 251,000 jobs were added, indicating a mismatch in job availability and labor supply, which pushed the U3 unemployment rate to 4.4%[5] - Despite improvements in certain sectors, indicators such as declining foreign labor, falling real wages, and rising initial unemployment claims suggest a persistent weakening trend in the U.S. labor market[5] Market Expectations - Following the employment report, December rate cut expectations dropped to 35%, but comments from the New York Fed President raised them back to over 70%[6] - The absence of October data and the delay in November data release have heightened market concerns, making the September report a critical economic indicator before potential rate cuts[6] Risks - The report highlights risks associated with unexpected changes in the U.S. economy and monetary policy, which could impact future employment and economic stability[8]

Export Performance - In October, China's exports decreased by 1.1% year-on-year, a significant drop of 9.4 percentage points from the previous month, and below the Wind consensus expectation of 3.1%[1] - The export decline is attributed to a high base effect and weakening external demand, with the new export orders PMI falling to 45.9, down nearly 2 percentage points from last month[1] - Exports to the EU, Japan, and South Korea showed significant declines, with exports to Japan down 5.7% and to South Korea down 13.0%[2][3] Product Categories - Labor-intensive products saw a sharp decline, with exports of bags, textiles, and footwear down by 25.7%, 16.0%, and 21.0% respectively, collectively dragging down exports by approximately 2.1 percentage points[3][4] - High-tech products, however, supported export growth, with integrated circuits and automobiles growing by 26.9% and 34.0% respectively, contributing 5.1 percentage points to overall export performance[4][5] Import Trends - Imports grew by only 1.0% year-on-year in October, a decrease of 6.4 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a clear structural divergence[5] - Agricultural imports remained resilient, with a 7.0% increase, particularly driven by a 11.4% rise in soybean imports due to increased procurement from Brazil[5][6] - Energy and machinery imports faced declines, with coal and crude oil imports down by 27.5% and 0.3% respectively, reflecting ongoing price pressures[5][6] Market Outlook - Despite the short-term pressures on exports, structural resilience remains, particularly from non-US markets like ASEAN and Africa, which continue to support export growth[6] - The easing of US-China trade tensions may provide a temporary boost to exports, while high base effects and order depletion could pose challenges in the fourth quarter[6][7] Risk Factors - Potential risks include unexpected changes in overseas policies and slower-than-expected global economic recovery, which could further impact export performance[7][8]

Production Side - In October, the operating rates for full steel and semi-steel tires were 59.85% and 66.58%, respectively, showing a decline compared to the previous month[3] - The average operating rates for electric furnaces and rebar were 60.58% and 41.90%, both lower than the previous month[3] - The capacity utilization rates for coking, glass, cement clinker, and cold-rolled steel continued to improve, recorded at 79.99%, 78.61%, 59.46%, and 98.41% respectively[3] Demand Side - The average transaction area of commercial housing in 30 cities increased by 1.34% month-on-month but decreased by 24.49% year-on-year[4] - The average transaction area of land in 100 cities decreased by 20.55% month-on-month and 15.85% year-on-year[4] - The average daily sales of passenger cars were 65,118 units, a decrease of 22.89% compared to the previous month[4] Price Side - The wholesale price index for agricultural products increased by 1.79% month-on-month, with slight increases in vegetable and fruit prices[6] - The average price of gasoline and diesel saw year-on-year declines of 2.28% and 4.29% respectively[6] - The price of rebar decreased by 1.24% month-on-month, while the price of copper and aluminum increased by 4.05% and 0.60% respectively[6] Risks - Risks include domestic policy implementation falling short of expectations and overseas policies exceeding expectations[7]

Report Summary 1) Report Industry Investment Rating The document does not mention the report industry investment rating. 2) Core View of the Report The report analyzes the October 2025 PMI data, indicating that the manufacturing industry is under pressure and the economy still needs policy support. The manufacturing PMI has declined, with structural pressures intensifying, while the service industry has a mild uptick and the construction industry remains sluggish. Future economic improvement requires the implementation of policies such as anti - involution and expanding domestic demand [1][6]. 3) Summary by Related Catalogs Manufacturing Industry - **Overall Situation**: In October, the manufacturing PMI was 49.0%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, falling below the boom - bust line for seven consecutive months, showing a weakening overall manufacturing industry due to factors like reduced working days, trade frictions, and high inventory [1]. - **Structural Pressures**: All four major sub - indicators of the manufacturing PMI declined. The production index dropped to 49.7%, the new order index to 48.8%, the raw material inventory to 47.3%, and the employment index to 48.3%, indicating weakness in production, demand, and employment [2]. - **Enterprise Scale**: The PMIs of large, medium, and small enterprises were 49.9%, 48.7%, and 47.1% respectively, all in the contraction range. Large enterprises entered the contraction range for the first time in the second half of the year, and small and medium - sized enterprises have been below the boom - bust line for many months [2]. - **Demand Side**: External demand contracted significantly, with the new export order index dropping 1.9 percentage points to 45.9% and the import index falling 1.3 percentage points to 46.8%. Domestic demand was relatively stable, and the domestic market's support for demand increased [3]. - **Industry Categories**: New - energy - related industries had better prosperity, while basic raw material industries were weak. The production index of equipment manufacturing, high - tech manufacturing, and consumer goods manufacturing decreased but remained in the expansion range, while the production index of basic raw material industries dropped below 48% [3]. - **PMI Quantity - Price Sub - Index**: The PMI quantity - price (ex - factory price index) sub - index weakened, reflecting the pressure of demand contraction and poor cost transmission. It may continue the contraction trend in the short term [5]. Service Industry - The service industry PMI was 50.2%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, hovering around the boom - bust line for many months. Consumer service industries recovered significantly, while production - related service industries fell into the contraction range [5]. Construction Industry - The construction industry PMI was 49.1%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous value, remaining in the contraction range for three consecutive months. The decline of the real estate market and the slowdown of infrastructure investment were the main reasons for the industry's downturn, but infrastructure - related construction activities showed signs of acceleration [5]. Future Outlook - Economic recovery requires policy support. The implementation of anti - involution and domestic - demand - expansion policies in the fourth quarter will help improve the economy. The injection of new policy - based financial tools, the early use of part of the 2026 fiscal budget, and the "15th Five - Year Plan" will provide impetus for the manufacturing industry [6].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Accumulate" (maintained) [6] Core Views - The company reported a turnaround in its quarterly performance, achieving a net profit of 0.28 million yuan in Q3, with total revenue of 1.011 billion yuan for the quarter. Year-to-date revenue reached 2.822 billion yuan, with a net loss of 4.7 million yuan [3] - The phosphate chemical business showed stable profitability, with production of phosphate products at 95,757.4 tons and sales at 81,433.15 tons, generating revenue of 299 million yuan. The average selling prices for these products saw a year-on-year increase of 4.98% [3] - The non-ferrous metal smelting business experienced a reduction in cumulative losses, with revenue of 824 million yuan in the first half of the year, a year-on-year increase of 34.84%, but still reporting a net loss of 6.6 million yuan due to falling zinc prices and reduced processing fees [4] - The company completed a targeted issuance of 609.6 million shares, raising 2.853 billion yuan, significantly improving its capital structure and reducing the debt-to-asset ratio from 82.87% to 14.55% [5] - The development of the Duolong copper mine is progressing steadily, with the mining rights application approved, aiming for trial production by 2030 [5] Financial Performance Summary - For 2023, the company expects revenue of 3.026 billion yuan, with a projected net profit of -96 million yuan. Revenue is forecasted to grow to 3.601 billion yuan in 2025, with a net profit of 2 million yuan [10] - The company’s financial metrics indicate a significant improvement in the debt-to-asset ratio, which is projected to be 14.55% in 2025, down from 82.87% at the beginning of the year [6] - The earnings per share (EPS) is expected to improve from -0.04 yuan in 2023 to 0.03 yuan by 2027, reflecting a gradual recovery in profitability [10][13]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Accumulate" (maintained) [5] Core Views - The company reported significant improvement in performance for the third quarter, with revenue reaching 8.644 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38.91%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 2.058 billion yuan, up 79.26% year-on-year [3][4] - The increase in production and sales of gold, along with rising international gold prices, contributed to the strong performance, with the average selling price of gold rising to 729.58 yuan per gram, a 44.13% increase compared to the same period last year [4][10] - The company is expected to continue increasing production in the fourth quarter to meet its annual production target of 16 tons [3] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For the first three quarters, the company achieved a revenue of 8.644 billion yuan, with a quarterly revenue of 3.372 billion yuan in Q3, reflecting a 66.39% year-on-year growth [3][4] - The net profit for Q3 was 1.432 billion yuan, marking a 115.45% increase year-on-year [3][4] - The production of gold in Q3 was 3.95 tons, a 15.68% increase from Q2, while sales reached 3.9 tons, up 13.7% [3][4] Cost and Production Insights - The operating cost for gold production increased to 326.86 yuan per gram, a 16.09% rise compared to the previous year [4] - The company’s main gold mine, the Ghana Vasa Gold Mine, saw its operating costs rise significantly due to various factors, including increased tax rates and lower ore grades [4] Project Development - Key projects are progressing steadily, with the Five Dragon Mining Company enhancing its processing capacity to 3,000 tons per day [5] - The company is expanding its mining rights and production capabilities in various areas, indicating potential future resource increases [5][8] Future Outlook - The company’s revenue projections for 2025-2027 are 13.22 billion yuan, 15.32 billion yuan, and 17.10 billion yuan, respectively, with net profits expected to reach 3.247 billion yuan, 4.081 billion yuan, and 4.912 billion yuan [10][12] - The expected earnings per share (EPS) for 2025 is 1.71 yuan, with a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 17.4 times based on the closing price on October 27, 2025 [10][12]

Inflation Data - The U.S. September CPI year-on-year is 3.0%, lower than the expected 3.1% and previous 2.9%[3] - The month-on-month CPI is 0.3%, matching the expected and previous values of 0.4%[3] - Core CPI year-on-year is also 3.0%, below the expected 3.1% and the previous 3.1%[3] Market Reactions - The lower-than-expected CPI data has increased market expectations for interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve[3] - Following the data release, U.S. stock indices rose, while U.S. Treasury yields and the dollar saw slight increases[3] Energy and Food Prices - Energy prices rose significantly, with a month-on-month increase of 1.5%, up from 0.7% in the previous month[4] - Gasoline prices surged by 4.1%, contributing approximately one-third to the overall CPI increase[4] - Food CPI month-on-month decreased to 0.2%, down from 0.5% in the previous month, indicating a weakening impact from tariffs[4] Core Components - Core goods prices showed slight fluctuations, with a month-on-month increase of 0.2%, down from 0.3%[5] - Used car prices fell significantly by 0.4%, while new car prices increased by 0.2%[5] - Housing prices remained stable, with a month-on-month increase of 0.2%, down from 0.4%[5] Economic Outlook - The moderate inflation performance creates conditions for the Federal Reserve to consider easing monetary policy[5] - Upcoming economic indicators to watch include the FOMC meeting on October 29 and the Q3 GDP release on October 30[5]

Economic Overview - In Q3, the actual GDP growth rate slowed to 4.8%, with a cumulative growth rate of 5.2%[3] - Nominal GDP growth rate was 3.7%, with a cumulative growth rate of 4.1%, indicating a "volume increase and price drop" pattern[3] - The GDP deflator narrowed to -1.1%, reflecting a decrease in price levels[3] Production Insights - In September, industrial added value grew by 6.5% year-on-year, exceeding market expectations and increasing by 1.3 percentage points from the previous month[4] - The service production index maintained stability with a year-on-year growth rate of 5.6%[4] - Mining and manufacturing sectors saw growth rates of 6.4% and 7.3%, respectively, while the electric heat and water industry dropped to 0.6%[4] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment showed a negative growth of -7.1% in September, with a cumulative growth rate of -0.5%[5] - Infrastructure investment slowed significantly, with broad and narrow infrastructure cumulative growth rates at 3.3% and 1.1%, respectively[5] - Real estate investment fell sharply by -21.3% in September, with cumulative growth at -13.9%[20] Consumption Patterns - Retail sales growth slowed to 3.0% year-on-year in September, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous month[31] - Restaurant consumption growth was only 0.9%, a decline of 1.2 percentage points from the previous month[31] - Consumer electronics, particularly home appliances, saw a significant drop in growth to 3.3%, down 11.0 percentage points[31] Future Outlook - The implementation of 500 billion yuan in policy financial tools is expected to effectively stimulate infrastructure investment and alleviate current downward pressure on investment[7] - Close attention is needed on the progress of policy implementation and its transmission effects on the real economy[7]