Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the automotive industry [5]. Core Insights - The automotive industry is undergoing a valuation reconstruction driven by the rise of smart and connected vehicles, which is expected to lead to a "Davis Double" effect in 2025 [3][4]. - The market is shifting from price competition to value competition, with significant growth potential in the smart connected vehicle supply chain [4][19]. Summary by Sections 1. Domestic Automotive Market Analysis - The automotive industry in China has entered the smart connected vehicle era, supported by comprehensive policies [11][15]. - In 2023, China's automotive production reached over 30 million units, with a strong performance from domestic brands [12][19]. - By 2025, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles (NEVs) is expected to exceed 50%, driven by favorable policies and market dynamics [20][21]. 2. Smart Connected Vehicle Supply Chain Development - The smart connected vehicle supply chain is anticipated to experience rapid growth, with the overall market value expected to exceed one trillion [8][19]. - The integration of "vehicle-road-cloud" systems is becoming a new trend, enhancing the smart transportation ecosystem [8][19]. - The penetration rate of advanced driving assistance systems (L2 and above) is projected to increase significantly, benefiting from technological advancements and cost reductions [4][19]. 3. Investment Recommendations - Focus on leading companies and high-growth segments within the supply chain, particularly those with core technologies and significant market shares [4][19]. - In the vehicle segment, domestic brands with strong technology and market presence are expected to maintain their competitive edge [4][19]. - In the smart component segment, companies specializing in intelligent chassis components are likely to receive more orders as the industry matures [4][19].

Fiscal Policy Progress - The general public budget expenditure target for 2025 is set at 29.7 trillion yuan, with 9.358 trillion yuan spent by April, achieving 31.5% of the annual target[1] - The deficit target for 2025 is 5.66 trillion yuan, with 1.2965 trillion yuan utilized by April, resulting in a usage progress of 22.9%[1] - Considering fund transfers and budget carryovers, the deficit usage progress stands at 16.8%[1] National Debt Issuance - The national debt balance for 2024 is 34.572 trillion yuan, with a limit of 35.2008 trillion yuan, leaving a remaining quota of 628.473 billion yuan[2] - As of June 15, the net financing amount for national debt reached 2.2001 trillion yuan, achieving 40.1% of the limit[2] - The issuance of special national bonds for 2025 is complete at 500 billion yuan, with a completion rate of 100%[2] Local Government Bonds - The balance of local government general bonds for 2024 is 16.7013 trillion yuan, with a limit of 17.2689 trillion yuan, leaving a remaining quota of 567.645 billion yuan[3] - By June 15, the net financing for local government general bonds reached 392.16 billion yuan, achieving 28.7% of the limit[3] - The completion rate for local government special bonds is 37.5%, with a remaining quota of 27.52065 trillion yuan[4]

Group 1: Financial Data Overview - The growth rate of social financing (社融) remained stable at 8.7% in May, with new social financing of 2.29 trillion yuan, an increase of 227.1 billion yuan year-on-year[9] - Government bonds, corporate bonds, and foreign currency loans were the main supporting items for social financing, while weak entity credit continued to be the largest drag, indicating a weak internal financing willingness[9] - New corporate short-term loans amounted to 1.1 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 230 billion yuan, while new medium- and long-term loans were 330 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 170 billion yuan[21] Group 2: Household Sector Insights - Household short-term loans decreased by 20.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 45.1 billion yuan, while new medium- and long-term loans were 74.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.2 billion yuan[22] - The real estate market showed signs of marginal recovery, with the transaction area of commercial housing in 30 cities decreasing by 3.3% year-on-year, but rebounding by 8.8 percentage points compared to the previous month[22] Group 3: Monetary Supply Trends - M1 growth rate increased by 0.8 percentage points to 2.3%, while M2 growth rate slightly decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 7.9%[35] - The increase in M1 was attributed to a low base effect from last year and a tendency for companies to hold cash rather than invest[35] - The marginal decline in M2 was influenced by a decrease in the attractiveness of deposits relative to wealth management products and an increase in fiscal deposits of 880 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 116.7 billion yuan[38] Group 4: Future Outlook and Risks - The outlook for social financing growth is expected to fluctuate within the range of 8.5%-9.0%, with government bonds continuing to act as a stabilizer[44] - Key risks include macroeconomic performance falling short of expectations, slower demand recovery, and potential geopolitical risks[45]

Export Performance - In May, export growth was 4.8%, down 3.3 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in momentum[3] - Cumulative export growth for May was 6.0%, higher than the annual growth rate from last year, suggesting continued resilience[3] - Exports to the US fell sharply by 34.5%, a decline of 13.5 percentage points compared to the previous month[4] Regional Export Trends - Exports to the EU increased by 12.0%, up 3.7 percentage points from the previous month, with Germany contributing a growth rate of 21.5%[4] - Exports to Canada rose by 20.3%, indicating a continuation of transshipment trade[4] - ASEAN exports showed resilience with a contribution of 2.5 percentage points to overall export growth, accounting for 52.6% of the total[4] Product-Specific Insights - Labor-intensive products like bags, textiles, and footwear saw declines in export growth rates of -10.3%, -2.0%, and -5.6% respectively, dragging down overall export growth by 0.3 percentage points[5] - High-tech products, particularly integrated circuits, saw a significant increase in export growth of 33.4%[5] - Automotive exports improved significantly with a growth rate of 13.7%, up 9.3 percentage points from the previous month[5] Import Trends - Import growth fell by 3.4%, a decrease of 3.2 percentage points from the previous month, primarily due to declining prices of bulk commodities like coal and crude oil[7] - Agricultural imports showed recovery with a growth rate of 0.7%, up 17.96 percentage points from the previous month, driven by soybeans and grains[7] Future Outlook - Export resilience is expected to continue in the short term, supported by adjustments in shipping capacity to the US and sustained demand from ASEAN[8] - However, potential pressures on exports are anticipated in the second half of the year due to changes in US tariff policies and the expiration of exemptions on certain goods[8]

Production Side - As of the fourth week of May, the national blast furnace operating rate was 83.89%, up 0.26 percentage points from the previous month[3] - The rebar operating rate was 42.64%, increasing by 0.83 percentage points month-on-month[3] - The cement mill operating rate was at a low level of 41.83%, down 0.40 percentage points from the previous month[3] - The inventory of rebar was 186.42 million tons, down 0.69 percentage points month-on-month[3] Demand Side - In May, the sales area of commercial housing in 30 cities was 201.56 million square meters, down 2.12% month-on-month[60] - The land transaction area was 903.48 million square meters, down 5.97% month-on-month[60] - The average daily sales of passenger cars were 60,823 units, up 18.85% month-on-month[89] Price Trends - The average price of cement was 368.33 yuan/ton, down 1.61% month-on-month[72] - The price of rebar was 3,077.13 yuan/ton, down 2.36% month-on-month[73] - The PPI for copper was 77,042 yuan/ton, down 0.58% month-on-month[99]

Group 1: Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for May is 49.5%, an increase of 0.5 percentage points from the previous month, but still below the critical line, indicating weak manufacturing sentiment[7] - The new orders index for manufacturing is at 49.8%, up 0.6 percentage points, but remains below the critical line, suggesting insufficient demand[11] - The inventory indices for raw materials and finished products are both below the critical point, indicating inadequate replenishment sentiment in manufacturing[16] Group 2: Service Sector - The service sector PMI increased to 50.2%, a rise of 0.1 percentage points, indicating continued expansion in business activities[21] - The new orders index for services is at 46.6%, below the critical line, pointing to weak demand conditions[21] - The business activity expectations index is at 56.5%, indicating a positive outlook for future service sector activities[21] Group 3: Construction Sector - The construction PMI is recorded at 51%, a decrease of 0.9 percentage points, but still above the critical line, indicating ongoing expansion albeit at a slower pace[27] - The new orders index for construction is at 43.3%, suggesting pressure on demand[27] - The employment index in construction is at 39.5%, indicating insufficient hiring sentiment in the sector[27] Group 4: Economic Outlook - The overall economic sentiment is supported by recent monetary policy measures, including interest rate cuts and structural adjustments aimed at economic recovery[30] - Risks include deviations from expected fundamental recovery, unexpected macroeconomic policies, and geopolitical uncertainties[31]

Group 1: Court Ruling and Implications - The U.S. International Trade Court ruled that all tariffs imposed by the Trump administration under the IEEPA are invalid, requiring an immediate halt to these tariffs[3] - The court found that the IEEPA does not grant the president the authority to impose tariffs on a global scale without specific congressional authorization[4] - The ruling affects various tariffs, including the 10% tariffs on goods from Mexico, Canada, and China, but does not include the 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum[4] Group 2: Legal and Political Context - The Trump administration has appealed the ruling to the Federal Circuit Court, questioning the authority of the Trade Court[3] - Similar legal challenges occurred during Trump's previous term, notably regarding the Muslim immigration ban, which faced multiple court challenges and ultimately reached the Supreme Court[5] - The likelihood of the Circuit Court granting a stay on the Trade Court's ruling is considered low, based on past experiences[7] Group 3: Future Tariff Strategies - Despite the ruling, the Trump administration may pursue tariffs through other legal avenues, such as the 232, 301, 122, and 338 statutes[8] - The 232 statute allows tariffs for national security reasons, requiring a Commerce Department investigation that can take approximately 9 months[9] - The 301 statute addresses unfair trade practices and also requires a lengthy investigation process, while the 122 statute allows for immediate tariffs but is limited to a maximum of 15% for 150 days[9] Group 4: Market Impact and Economic Outlook - The suspension of IEEPA tariffs is expected to improve risk appetite in the U.S. market, potentially leading to a recovery in stock prices[10] - The overall market may shift from being driven by tariff-related risks to focusing on economic fundamentals, although uncertainties remain regarding future policies and economic conditions[10] - The potential for new tariffs remains, but the immediate risk of Trump reintroducing tariffs appears to have decreased[11]

Revenue Insights - General public budget revenue from January to April reached CNY 8.06 trillion, with a year-on-year growth rate of -0.4%, an improvement of 0.7 percentage points from the previous period[9] - Tax revenue showed a year-on-year decline of -2.1%, but the decline narrowed by 1.4 percentage points, indicating marginal improvement[11] - Non-tax revenue grew by 7.7% year-on-year, although the growth rate decreased by 1.1 percentage points compared to the previous period[11] Expenditure Insights - General public budget expenditure increased by 4.6% year-on-year, up 0.4 percentage points from the previous period, with a completion rate of 31.5%[2] - Central government expenditure grew by 9%, while local government expenditure increased by 3.9%, indicating a stronger performance from the central government[2] - Social security and employment expenditure rose by 8.5%, making it the largest fiscal expenditure item for the month[50] Fund Revenue and Debt Insights - Land transfer revenue continued to decline, with a year-on-year decrease of -11.4%, reflecting a sluggish real estate market[75] - Government fund revenue fell by -6.7% year-on-year, although the decline narrowed by 4.3 percentage points, indicating marginal improvement[75] - The issuance progress of new special bonds by local governments was slow, with only 27% completed by April[75] Economic Outlook - The Central Political Bureau meeting emphasized the need for proactive fiscal policies and moderately loose monetary policies to support economic recovery[3] - Recent monetary policy adjustments, including interest rate cuts, are expected to further stabilize economic growth[3]

Production - In April, the industrial added value year-on-year growth rate was 6.1%, lower than the previous value but higher than the consensus expectation of 5.2%[11] - The export delivery value year-on-year growth rate was 0.9%, a significant decrease of 6.8 percentage points from the previous month[11] - Cumulative industrial added value growth for April was 6.4%, exceeding the full-year growth rate for 2024 by 0.6 percentage points[3] Investment - Fixed asset investment growth rate in April was 4.0%, down 0.2 percentage points from the first quarter but still 0.8 percentage points higher than the full-year growth for 2024[19] - Broad infrastructure cumulative growth rate was 10.9%, slightly lower than the previous month but still strong, with a year-on-year growth of 26.0% in electric heating and water projects[4] - Real estate investment growth rate in April was -11.3%, with a decline of 1.3 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a weakening trend in the sector[21] Consumption - In April, the year-on-year growth rate of social retail sales was 5.1%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, reflecting a decrease in consumer willingness due to external uncertainties[35] - Essential consumption grew at a rate of 14.8%, while optional consumption saw a slight decline, with automotive consumption growth at only 0.7%[35] - Jewelry consumption surged by 19.3%, driven by gold price fluctuations, while home improvement materials benefited from the renovation season with a growth rate of 9.7%[35] Outlook - External demand may recover as the U.S. reduces tariffs on Chinese goods from 145% to 30%, potentially boosting production confidence[7] - Domestic demand is expected to remain stable, supported by recent monetary policy easing measures such as interest rate cuts and increased issuance of special bonds[7]

证券研究报告 宏观经济点评 2025 年 05 月 16 日 美国 4 月 CPI 点评：通胀持续低于预期，关税影响暂未显现 Email:yangjianyi@lczq.com Email:shenxiayi@lczq.com 核心观点： 2025.05.12 美国 5 月宏观经济点评："负增"之下的 美国经济还能走多远？ 2025.05.08 4 月高频数据跟踪 4 月美国 CPI 同比 2.3%，低于预期，核心 CPI 同比 2.8%。4 月整体 CPI 同比增速 2.3%，预期 2.4%；环比 0.2%，预期 0.3%。核心 CPI 同比 2.8%，与前值和预期持平；环比 0.2%，预期 0.3%。4 月整体 CPI 同环比 均低于预期，核心 CPI 与预期持平，反映关税通胀压力暂未传导至月度价 格数据。叠加 5 月 12 日中美关税谈判结果超预期，市场对美国通胀走高 的担忧有所缓和。我们提示，尽管短期内特朗普关税政策边际放缓，通胀 平稳下行，但美国 2025 年关税整体水平仍然显著提升，远期通胀压力并 未解决，不宜低估下半年通胀上行压力。 非核心方面，能源价格同比下行、环比企稳，食品价格回落。受特朗普 ...