（原标题：波黑联邦雇主协会举行专题会议，探讨2026年波黑经济面临的挑战与机遇） 波黑《新闻报》11月13日报道。波黑联邦雇主协会组织了一场主题为"经济改革与工业前景：2026 年波黑经济的挑战与机遇"的商业会议。此次会议由波黑联邦雇主协会和塞族共和国雇主协会联盟共同 举办，并受到欧盟的财政支持。会议汇集了雇主、政府机构代表、工会、国际和波黑国内的学术界人 士，共同审视波黑工业与经济发展的关键挑战，并在欧洲一体化和再工业化的背景下协调未来的发展方 向。 波黑联邦雇主协会副主席巴里沙·舒什尼亚尔表示，会议将探讨2026年经济面临的挑战与机遇、引 进合适的劳动力、欧盟法规和绿色转型等议题，为提高波黑企业的竞争力，并减轻企业的财政和准财政 负担寻找解决方案。 波黑联邦经济和社会委员会主席萨夫丁·岑吉奇指出，波黑实施的去工业化政策导致许多经济实体 被摧毁，而私有化进程也给经济实体造成了一定的损失。他认为波黑现在必须重新发展工业生产行业， 政府需要通过各项法律法案来改善营商环境，加快基础设施建设，既吸引雇主和投资者前来投资，又引 导年轻劳动力回流。 会议还介绍了《联合国工商企业与人权指导原则》在波黑商业部门实施情况的评 ...

Core Points - The recent Dutch parliamentary elections resulted in the unexpected rise of the Six Six Party, which became the largest party, with Rob Jetten as a leading candidate for Prime Minister [2][3] - Jetten's party gained significant seats compared to the previous election, increasing from 9 to an expected 27 seats, while traditional parties faced setbacks [3][4] - The political landscape in the Netherlands has shifted, with voters expressing fatigue over political polarization and seeking solutions to pressing issues like housing and immigration [5][6] Election Results - The Six Six Party, led by Jetten, is projected to win 27 seats, narrowly ahead of the Freedom Party with 25 seats, and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy with 23 seats [2][3] - The total votes for the Six Six Party were approximately 1.77 million, while the Freedom Party received around 1.75 million votes [2] Political Context - The previous coalition government, which included the Freedom Party, collapsed due to disagreements over immigration policies, leading to the early elections [4][5] - Jetten's rise is attributed to a combination of factors, including public dissatisfaction with extreme political views and a focus on more moderate, centrist policies [6][7] Jetten's Leadership - Rob Jetten, at 38, represents a new generation of centrist leadership, combining elements from both left and right policies [6][8] - His campaign effectively addressed key voter concerns, particularly housing shortages, proposing the construction of new cities and significant government investment in housing [6][9] Coalition Formation Challenges - Forming a stable coalition will be a significant challenge, as it is anticipated that at least four parties will need to collaborate, with Jetten reaching out to potential allies [10] - The Freedom Party is likely to be excluded from the new coalition, as other parties have expressed unwillingness to partner with them [10]

Core Views - The future of the European Union (EU) is uncertain, facing multiple crises and challenges that threaten its unity and effectiveness [3][11][18]. Group 1: Historical Context and Current Challenges - The EU was established to promote peace and cooperation among European nations after World War II, particularly between France and Germany [2][3]. - The end of the Cold War initially led to optimism within the EU, but subsequent crises, including the global financial crisis, the refugee crisis, Brexit, and deteriorating relations with Russia, have exposed significant weaknesses [3][11]. - Europe is currently grappling with demographic issues, economic stagnation, and a lack of technological competitiveness, leading to social divisions and strained relations with major geopolitical players, including the US and Russia [3][11][18]. Group 2: Serbia's EU Membership Prospects - Serbia's EU accession process has stalled, primarily due to demands from EU member states regarding territorial integrity, particularly concerning Kosovo [6][7][22]. - Despite being surrounded by EU countries, Serbia's path to membership remains uncertain, and the EU is not prepared to expand its membership in the near future due to internal challenges [6][22]. Group 3: Economic and Technological Challenges - Europe has missed opportunities in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, with no major internet companies emerging from the region, leading to a reliance on US technology [12][13]. - The energy crisis, exacerbated by political decisions such as Germany's nuclear phase-out and reliance on Russian energy, has significantly increased production costs in Europe [13][14]. - Regulatory burdens and high taxation have driven innovation and talent away from Europe, further hindering its economic growth [13][14]. Group 4: Geopolitical Dynamics and Future Cooperation - The ongoing Ukraine conflict has intensified perceptions of a security threat from Russia, compelling Europe to seek protection from the US, which complicates its relations with China [18][19]. - There is a recognition of the need for Europe to engage with China for mutual benefits, particularly in technology and sustainable development, despite political hesitations [24][25][29]. - The internal political landscape in Europe complicates the establishment of a unified stance towards global challenges, including cooperation with China [25][29].

Core Points - The European Union (EU) was formed in 1993, but many Eastern European countries have struggled to benefit from the unified market, often feeling marginalized [2] - Countries like Germany and the Netherlands have leveraged their manufacturing advantages to dominate Eastern European markets, leading to the decline of local industries [4] - The EU's financial support to struggling countries, such as Greece, has been insufficient and hindered by bureaucratic processes, resulting in limited benefits for the local population [4] - There is a clear hierarchical structure within the EU, with wealthier Northern countries benefiting disproportionately compared to Southern and Eastern nations [6] - The high welfare system in Europe is under threat due to rising energy costs, reduced military support from the U.S., and competition from upgraded Chinese manufacturing [6] - Cultural and ethnic differences among EU member states contribute to integration challenges, making it difficult to achieve a unified fiscal and policy framework [9] - The EU faces multiple crises, with Western countries reluctant to share responsibilities and Eastern nations unable to resist economic pressures, leading to a decline in welfare benefits [11] - The current situation in the EU serves as a cautionary tale for other nations, highlighting the importance of self-sufficiency and resilience in the face of external challenges [11]

Core Points - The European Union has begun the phased introduction of a new digital border management system in the Schengen Area to enhance border management, information sharing, and combat identity fraud and illegal immigration [1][2] - Non-EU citizens must electronically register upon their first entry into the Schengen Area, providing passport information and biometric data [1] - The new system is part of the EU's border control reform, with a subsequent phase planned to introduce a European Travel Information and Authorization System [2] Summary by Sections - **Digital Border Management System**: The new system requires non-EU citizens to register electronically at designated counters, providing biometric data to streamline border checks [1] - **Implementation Timeline**: Smaller Schengen member states will fully implement the system starting from the 12th, while larger countries like France and Germany will use it at select ports initially, with full implementation expected by April 10 next year [1] - **Historical Context**: The Schengen Agreement was signed in 1985 to facilitate free movement among member countries, currently comprising 29 nations with a total population of approximately 420 million [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that European governments must not be complacent regarding tariffs and competition with China, as Chinese companies are increasingly capable of supplying products traditionally dominated by German firms, often at lower prices [1][2] - In the first half of the year, Chinese automotive brands nearly doubled their sales in Europe, approaching the sales levels of Mercedes-Benz [1] - The European Central Bank's position in trade negotiations with China is favorable, as China's demand for European goods exceeds Europe's demand for Chinese products [1][2] Group 2 - The Trump administration's tariff policies and inconsistent support for Ukraine have caused unease among European governments, prompting them to strengthen internal economic ties and increase defense spending [2] - Despite a trade agreement framework with the U.S. easing some tariff impacts, Europe faces significant challenges, including heavy debt burdens and political uncertainty [2] - Germany's economy is expected to continue shrinking from 2023 to 2024, with external demand weakening and a projected growth of only 0.2% by 2025 [2] Group 3 - The current economic recovery in Germany is driven by domestic demand rather than foreign trade, with a focus on government spending in infrastructure and defense [3] - The German government plans to borrow over €100 billion by 2025, primarily for military and infrastructure projects, but public patience for the effectiveness of these policies is waning [3] - Key policy recommendations include simplifying administrative processes, increasing labor supply, enhancing technology investments, and lowering energy prices [3] Group 4 - Concerns regarding the independence of the Federal Reserve have been raised, with the German central bank's history linked to post-war economic recovery [4] - The current exchange rate of the euro against the dollar is around 1.17, which is being monitored but not considered a major issue [4]

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints France is a developed industrial country with a strong industrial base in sectors such as steel, automotive, and construction, as well as leading industries in aerospace, nuclear energy, and ocean development. It is also a major agricultural producer and exporter in the EU. However, France has limited natural resources and relies heavily on imports for energy and industrial raw materials. The country's energy mix is dominated by nuclear power, and it has been actively involved in international trade and investment [1][2][10]. 3. Summary by Section 3.1 National Overview - **Geographical Location**: France, the largest country in the EU by area, is located in Western Europe, with a hexagonal mainland bordering multiple countries and facing four major seas. It has diverse climates, including temperate maritime, Mediterranean, and continental [7]. - **Economic Overview**: In 2024, France's GDP was €2.91 trillion, with a 1.1% year - on - year increase and an inflation rate of 1.3%. The industrial value - added was €3565 billion, and the agricultural value - added was €380 billion. It is highly dependent on imports for minerals and energy, with nuclear power accounting for about 65% of electricity in 2024. It has a high - welfare system and is an attractive destination for foreign investment [10][11][12]. - **Historical and Political Situation**: France has a long history, with the current Fifth Republic established in 1958. The president has significant powers, and the country has a bicameral parliament. There are multiple political parties with different policy stances [14][15][16]. 3.2 Oil and Other Liquids - As of January 1, 2023, France's proven oil reserves were 83 million barrels. It banned oil and gas production and exploration until 2040, leading to a continuous decline in production. In 2022, its oil consumption was 1.5 million barrels per day, showing a downward trend since 2003 - 2004. Worker strikes in refineries have caused shortages of petroleum products [20][22]. 3.3 Natural Gas - As of January 1, 2023, France's proven natural gas reserves were 590 Bcf. It has almost no dry natural gas production and depends entirely on imports. In 2022, consumption decreased due to high winter temperatures and the Russia - Ukraine conflict. GRTgaz and EDF play important roles in gas distribution and supply [24]. 3.4 Coal - France has no proven coal reserves and does not produce coal, relying entirely on imports. Due to the European energy crisis in 2022, two coal - fired power plants were temporarily restarted and their operation was extended to 2024 [28]. 3.5 Electricity - In 2021, France had a power generation of 530 TWh, an installed capacity of 142 GW, and was one of the largest power - surplus countries. Nuclear power accounted for 68% of electricity generation, with an installed capacity of 61 GW, second only to the US. The Flamanville EPR nuclear reactor started operation in 2024. EDF and its subsidiaries dominate the power market [30][33]. 3.6 Energy Trade - **Oil and Other Liquids**: In 2022, France imported over 822,000 barrels per day of oil and other liquids, reversing a downward trend since 2017. Its oil product exports have been declining since 2011. It mainly imports from European neighbors and Russia, and refinery strikes have increased its dependence on imports [34][36]. - **Natural Gas**: In 2021, France imported 1.6 Tcf and exported 188.9 Bcf of natural gas. In 2022, gas flow increased by 32% due to a 203% surge in LNG imports. It mainly imports from Norway and has started re - exporting to neighboring countries [38]. - **Electricity**: In 2021, France was the world's largest net power exporter, with exports mainly going to Switzerland, the UK, Italy, and Spain [41].

Core Points - The article discusses the implications of Putin's four demands for a ceasefire in Ukraine, which significantly limit Ukraine's sovereignty and complicate European security dynamics [1][3][10] - The demands include the withdrawal of Ukrainian forces from the entire Donbas region, a ban on Ukraine joining NATO, restrictions on NATO or Western troops in Ukraine, and recognition of Crimea as Russian territory [3][5][10] - The situation reflects a broader challenge for Europe, as the potential for military intervention is stifled by these demands, leading to a reevaluation of European defense strategies and alliances [8][12] Summary by Sections Section 1: Ceasefire Demands - Putin's first demand requires the withdrawal of Ukrainian troops from the entire Donbas region, not just the contested areas, effectively pushing Ukraine to concede more territory [1] - The second demand prohibits Ukraine from joining NATO, which could permanently exclude Ukraine from Western alliances and complicate future negotiations [3][5] - The third demand restricts any NATO or Western military presence in Ukraine, undermining previous plans for European military support [3][7] - The fourth demand involves recognizing Crimea as part of Russia, further limiting Ukraine's negotiating power [3][10] Section 2: European Security Implications - The demands create a significant challenge for European defense integration, as they undermine the principle that countries can choose their alliances freely [8][10] - The inability to deploy European forces in response to the crisis raises questions about the effectiveness of NATO and the EU's collective security arrangements [8][12] - The situation may lead to a reevaluation of security strategies among Eastern European countries, particularly regarding their own defense postures against potential Russian aggression [10][12] Section 3: International Dynamics - The article highlights China's position as it navigates a complex relationship between supporting Russia and maintaining ties with the West [10][12] - The potential for a new geopolitical order is suggested, where smaller nations may have to choose between powerful states, reflecting a shift in international norms [12] - The ongoing crisis in Ukraine serves as a litmus test for the ability of major powers to establish new coexistence rules under the shadow of nuclear threats [12]

Core Viewpoint - The Schengen Area, established 40 years ago, is facing a "midlife crisis" due to increasing border controls by member states, raising questions about its future as a symbol of European unity and free movement [1][6][11]. Group 1: Historical Context and Significance - The Schengen Agreement was signed in 1985 by five countries (Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) to eliminate border checks and promote free movement, which has significantly contributed to EU economic development and integration [1][4]. - The Schengen Area now includes 29 countries, covering a population of 450 million, and is considered a major achievement of European integration, allowing for the free flow of people and goods [4][10]. Group 2: Current Challenges - Since the 2015 refugee crisis, many Schengen countries have reinstated border controls, with 12 out of 29 countries currently implementing such measures, leading to concerns about the erosion of the Schengen principles [5][6][7]. - The European Commission has criticized these temporary border checks as a "diminution" of the free travel principle, indicating a lack of systematic evaluation of their necessity [7][9]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The Schengen Area facilitates logistics and trade, with transit speeds between member countries being 20 times faster than between non-member countries, significantly benefiting EU businesses [10]. - In 2024, trade within the Schengen Area is projected to exceed €4.1 trillion, and it remains the world's most visited destination, attracting over 500 million tourists annually [10]. Group 4: Public Sentiment and Political Dynamics - A survey indicated that 72% of Europeans view the Schengen Area as one of the EU's major achievements, reflecting a strong public sentiment in favor of free movement [10]. - However, rising populism and political pressures have led to stricter border controls, with some analysts suggesting that these measures are more symbolic than effective in addressing immigration issues [8][9]. Group 5: Future Considerations - The future of the Schengen Area hinges on whether it will continue to promote free movement for all legal residents or become a more exclusive framework that prioritizes certain groups [11][12]. - Calls for unity and coordinated immigration governance have emerged as essential for maintaining the principles of the Schengen Area amidst growing challenges [12].

Group 1 - The core discussion between Ukrainian President Zelensky and Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen focused on Ukraine's European integration process, particularly the initiation of the first negotiation cluster for Ukraine's EU membership [1] - Zelensky emphasized the importance of utilizing Denmark's presidency of the EU to implement necessary decisions during this period [1] - Ukraine is actively fulfilling its obligations to the EU, with a bill aimed at ensuring the independence of anti-corruption institutions submitted to the Ukrainian parliament, which is expected to pass urgently within the week [1]