【环球时报驻俄罗斯特派记者 隋鑫 环球时报驻法国特约记者 董铭】据"今日俄罗斯网"10日报道，欧盟 统计局数据显示，自2022年对俄罗斯实施制裁以来，2025年1月至10月欧盟国家对俄罗斯的出口收入较 2021年同期下降约480亿欧元，相当于欧盟对俄罗斯的年度出口额下降约65%。报道提到，欧盟对俄制 裁旨在摧毁后者的经济，但俄罗斯方面表示，这反而促使俄罗斯经济产生适应性并增强。 俄罗斯"真理报在线"网站报道分析称，这些数据表明欧盟的制裁政策存在系统性问题。从形式上看，制 裁的目的是重创俄罗斯经济并改变其外交政策，但在实践中，这些举措导致了双边损失，对欧盟自身造 成的影响比其在决策阶段预期更为严重。 欧盟与俄罗斯进出口贸易之中，很大一部分是天然气。尽管欧盟计划2027年停止从俄罗斯进口天然气， 但俄罗斯目前仍是欧盟第二大天然气供应国，其在欧盟天然气总购买量中的份额达到15.1%。相比之 下，美国在欧盟天然气进口贸易中的比重则从24%增至56%，欧盟与美国还于去年7月达成了协议，这 让美国天然气顺理成章地成为俄罗斯的替代品。对此，俄罗斯警告称，欧盟放弃俄罗斯管道天然气，转 向更昂贵的美国液化天然气，或将导致能源价 ...

Group 1 - The core debate in Poland regarding the EU's policy towards Russia highlights a significant division, with President Duda advocating for a shift away from viewing Russia as the main enemy, while Prime Minister Tusk insists on maintaining a hardline stance due to perceived threats [2][3][4] - Tusk argues that relaxing vigilance towards Russia could jeopardize European security and undermine support for Ukraine, emphasizing the necessity of sanctions as a means to uphold democratic values [3][4] - Duda counters that Europe's security should not rely solely on confrontational sanctions but rather on establishing a diverse security framework that includes dialogue and cooperation with neighboring countries, including Russia [3][4] Group 2 - The public disagreement between the Polish President and Prime Minister reflects a broader split within the EU regarding its approach to Russia, with some member states beginning to question the sustainability of ongoing sanctions due to economic repercussions [4][5] - The EU's sanctions against Russia have reportedly resulted in over €1 trillion in losses for the bloc, raising concerns about the long-term viability of such measures and their impact on European economic interests [5][6] - The EU's trade with Russia has plummeted from €417 billion in 2013 to approximately €60 billion in 2023, indicating a drastic reduction in economic ties that has led to soaring energy prices and business closures across Europe [5][6] Group 3 - The EU's energy crisis response involves seeking alternative energy supplies, with the EU Energy Agency playing a crucial role in coordinating imports from other regions, although specific procurement costs remain undisclosed [6] - There is a growing sentiment among various countries within the anti-Russian coalition, including the US, to explore localized cooperation with Russia, indicating a potential shift in strategy [6][7] - The myth of European unity against Russia is fading, suggesting that pragmatic dialogue may be the more effective path forward for the EU [7]

欧尔班强调，制裁才是问题的根源所在，欧盟不应实施制裁，而是应立即与交战双方展开谈判。 经济观察网据央视新闻消息，当地时间12月20日，匈牙利总理欧尔班在匈牙利赛格德举行的一场反战集 会上表示，欧盟对俄罗斯实施制裁，非但没有让自身变得更强大，反而在削弱自身的力量，匈牙利因为 近4年来的战火及欧盟对俄罗斯的相关制裁已损失超过200亿欧元(约合1650亿元人民币)。 ...

Core Points - The European Union (EU) plans to implement an indefinite freeze on approximately €210 billion of Russian assets under the "state of emergency" clause to strengthen sanctions against Russia and weaken its economic support [2] - Hungary's Prime Minister Orban opposes this move, arguing it disregards member states' reasonable requests and could severely damage European economic stability [3] - Orban highlights Hungary's significant trade relationship with Russia, where trade accounts for 12% of Hungary's total foreign trade and energy imports exceed 40%, raising concerns about potential retaliatory measures from Russia [3][4] Group 1 - The EU's decision to freeze Russian assets aims to enhance the deterrent effect of sanctions against Russia [2] - Orban's concerns include the potential negative impact on Hungary's economy and the need for the EU to respect member states' sovereignty [3] - The EU Commission has previously assessed the impact of sanctions and aims to coordinate with member states to ensure economic stability while enforcing sanctions [3] Group 2 - Hungary's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has previously expressed opposition to further sanctions against Russia, citing risks to Europe's economic recovery [4] - The Hungarian central bank has confirmed the significant reliance on Russian trade and energy, indicating that sanctions could lead to severe economic consequences [4] - Multiple EU member states have already experienced energy shortages and high inflation due to existing sanctions against Russia [4]

迫于西方的最新制裁，许多和俄罗斯有能源联系的国家都在"另谋出路"。 重磅消息，罗马尼亚将没收国内第三大的俄罗斯炼油厂。 路透社报道，当地时间12月3日，罗马尼亚政府批准没收俄罗斯石油巨头卢克公司的资产。 这其中就包括该公司在罗马尼亚境内的第三大炼油厂，外加多达350多个油气设施。 早些时候，罗马尼亚能源部长博格丹·伊万表示，他们必须控制卢克石油在该国的子公司，以确保能源 系统的稳定。 罗马尼亚也支持欧盟加大对俄罗斯的制裁，类似的情况还发生在保加利亚等国。 目前欧盟也就全面停止进口俄罗斯天然气的日期达成了一致，最迟于2027年11月1日执行。 预计接下来制裁将扩大至俄罗斯的石油进口上，欧洲看起来是要动真格了，彻底切断同莫斯科的能源联 系。 德韦弗还表示俄罗斯已对比利时发出了"永久报复"的威胁，所以简单来说就是他怂了。 紧接着，欧盟委员会则提交了两份新的方案，以便在未来两年向乌克兰提供900亿欧元的援助。 其中一条仍是动用俄罗斯的资产，但不构成没收，其二是在国际市场上借款。 筹集到的资金将以贷款融资的形式发放给基辅，但只有在莫斯科支付战争赔款后才需要偿还。 与此同时，欧盟对乌克兰的支持则在加大，并计划动用更多的俄 ...

Group 1 - The EU has officially banned the import of Russian coal since August 11, 2022, and will fully prohibit any cooperation agreements with Russian ports starting February 24, 2025, as part of the sanctions against Russia [1][3] - In 2021 and 2022, the EU's dependence on Russian coal was 53.6% and 46% respectively, with Poland and Germany being the most reliant [1] - The EU has decided to allow the transshipment of coal produced in Kazakhstan through Russian ports starting July 2025, while ensuring that the ownership of the goods does not belong to any sanctioned entities [3] Group 2 - Kazakhstan exported 1.6 million tons of coal to the EU in the first five months of 2025, 6.7 million tons in the first seven months, and 9.6 million tons in the first ten months, indicating a record increase in coal exports [5] - The volume of coal transshipped by Russia to Europe has significantly increased and is expected to reach or exceed recent historical highs [5] - Russia benefits from transportation service fees, including railway tariffs and port management fees, which are ultimately borne by European importers, despite the low coal prices in recent years [7]

Core Viewpoint - Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orbán announced plans to sue the EU over its recent ban on Russian natural gas imports, claiming the decision is illegal and contrary to EU values [1]. Group 1: Hungary's Position - Hungary's energy supply is heavily reliant on Russia, with 74% of its natural gas and 86% of its oil imported from Russia in 2024, according to IMF data [1]. - Orbán indicated that Hungary would seek alternative "non-legal" methods to continue importing Russian natural gas, although he did not provide specific details [1]. Group 2: U.S. Sanctions and Exemptions - During a visit to the U.S., Orbán secured a one-year exemption from U.S. sanctions for Hungary's purchases of Russian oil and gas, which he claims has no expiration as long as Trump remains president [2]. - Slovakia also received a one-year exemption from U.S. sanctions for its purchases of Russian oil following Hungary's exemption [3]. Group 3: EU Sanctions - The EU approved its 19th round of sanctions against Russia, which includes a ban on Russian liquefied natural gas entering the European market, despite opposition from Hungary and Slovakia [1].

Core Viewpoint - Slovakia's Prime Minister Fico emphasized that Slovakia will not participate in any EU plans aimed at funding military aid to Ukraine [1] Group 1: Slovakia's Position on Military Aid - Since the Fico government took office in 2023, Slovakia has effectively ceased national military assistance to Ukraine, although it allows commercial transactions [1] - Slovakia and Hungary hold different positions from other EU countries regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict, with both governments believing that battlefield solutions are not the way to resolve the issue [1] Group 2: Criticism of EU Sanctions - Fico criticized the EU's multiple rounds of sanctions against Russia due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, stating that these sanctions have caused more harm to Europe [1]

Core Viewpoint - Slovakia's Prime Minister Fico emphasized that Slovakia will not participate in any EU plans aimed at funding military aid for Ukraine, stating that if Ukraine needs anything, it should purchase it rather than receiving free assistance [1] Group 1: Slovakia's Position on Military Aid - Slovakia has effectively ceased national military assistance to Ukraine since Fico's government took office in 2023 [1] - Fico criticized the EU's multiple rounds of sanctions against Russia, claiming that these sanctions have caused more harm to Europe than to Russia [1] Group 2: EU Relations and Military Funding - The Slovakian government will not provide Ukraine with even a single free bullet, indicating a firm stance against military aid [1] - Fico's comments reflect a broader skepticism within Slovakia regarding the EU's approach to the ongoing conflict and its implications for European stability [1]

Core Points - Slovakia's Prime Minister Fico emphasized that Slovakia will not participate in any EU plans aimed at funding military aid for Ukraine [1] - Since Fico's government took office in 2023, Slovakia has effectively ceased national military assistance to Ukraine, although it allows commercial transactions [1] Group 1: Slovakia's Position on Military Aid - Slovakia's stance on military aid to Ukraine diverges from other EU countries, with both Slovakia and Hungary believing that the battlefield is not a solution to the conflict [3] - Fico criticized the EU's multiple rounds of sanctions against Russia due to the Ukraine conflict, stating that these sanctions have caused more harm to Europe [3]