俄罗斯通过转运哈萨克斯坦煤炭，可以因此获得包括铁路关税和港口管理费在内的运输服务费用，这些费用先由哈萨克斯坦的煤炭生产商/出口商承担，但 最终还是由欧洲进口商/买家承担。 基于第5轮对俄制裁禁令生效，欧盟自2022年8月11日正式禁止了俄罗斯进口煤炭；基于第16轮对俄制裁禁令生效，欧盟自2025年2月24日正式全面禁止与俄 罗斯港口达成任何合作协议。 数据显示，哈萨克斯坦在2025年前5个月向欧盟出口了160万吨煤炭，前7个月向欧盟出口了670万吨煤炭，前10个月向欧盟出口了960万吨煤炭，该数据仍在 持续刷新新纪录中。 数据显示，欧盟在2021年和2022年对俄罗斯煤炭的依赖程度分别在53.6%和46%，其中波兰和德国的依赖程度尤为明显。问题来了，如果没有俄罗斯煤炭， 欧盟到底该怎么办？ 毫不客气的说，今年俄罗斯向欧洲转运的煤炭量出现了显著增加，并且有望达到甚至超过近年来的最高水平。 欧盟需要煤炭，但又不想撤销其之前对俄罗斯施加的种种制裁，结果在第18轮对俄制裁的具体安排中，欧洲做出了以下决定： 自2025年7月开始，欧盟允许俄罗斯港口转运产自哈萨克斯坦的煤炭 煤炭必须是由哈萨克斯坦国内进行生产，且货物所有 ...

Core Viewpoint - Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orbán announced plans to sue the EU over its recent ban on Russian natural gas imports, claiming the decision is illegal and contrary to EU values [1]. Group 1: Hungary's Position - Hungary's energy supply is heavily reliant on Russia, with 74% of its natural gas and 86% of its oil imported from Russia in 2024, according to IMF data [1]. - Orbán indicated that Hungary would seek alternative "non-legal" methods to continue importing Russian natural gas, although he did not provide specific details [1]. Group 2: U.S. Sanctions and Exemptions - During a visit to the U.S., Orbán secured a one-year exemption from U.S. sanctions for Hungary's purchases of Russian oil and gas, which he claims has no expiration as long as Trump remains president [2]. - Slovakia also received a one-year exemption from U.S. sanctions for its purchases of Russian oil following Hungary's exemption [3]. Group 3: EU Sanctions - The EU approved its 19th round of sanctions against Russia, which includes a ban on Russian liquefied natural gas entering the European market, despite opposition from Hungary and Slovakia [1].

Core Viewpoint - Slovakia's Prime Minister Fico emphasized that Slovakia will not participate in any EU plans aimed at funding military aid to Ukraine [1] Group 1: Slovakia's Position on Military Aid - Since the Fico government took office in 2023, Slovakia has effectively ceased national military assistance to Ukraine, although it allows commercial transactions [1] - Slovakia and Hungary hold different positions from other EU countries regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict, with both governments believing that battlefield solutions are not the way to resolve the issue [1] Group 2: Criticism of EU Sanctions - Fico criticized the EU's multiple rounds of sanctions against Russia due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, stating that these sanctions have caused more harm to Europe [1]

10月26日，斯洛伐克总理菲佐强调，斯洛伐克不会参与任何旨在为军援乌克兰提供资金的欧盟计划。菲 佐表示如果乌方需要什么就售卖给乌方，但不会给乌克兰哪怕一颗免费子弹。菲佐还批评了欧盟因俄乌 冲突而对俄罗斯实施的多轮制裁，称这些制裁对欧洲的伤害更大。报道称自菲佐政府2023年上台以来， 斯洛伐克实际上已停止对乌克兰的国家军事援助。 ...

Core Points - Slovakia's Prime Minister Fico emphasized that Slovakia will not participate in any EU plans aimed at funding military aid for Ukraine [1] - Since Fico's government took office in 2023, Slovakia has effectively ceased national military assistance to Ukraine, although it allows commercial transactions [1] Group 1: Slovakia's Position on Military Aid - Slovakia's stance on military aid to Ukraine diverges from other EU countries, with both Slovakia and Hungary believing that the battlefield is not a solution to the conflict [3] - Fico criticized the EU's multiple rounds of sanctions against Russia due to the Ukraine conflict, stating that these sanctions have caused more harm to Europe [3]

Core Points - The EU is experiencing internal divisions regarding sanctions on Russia, with Eastern European countries facing economic difficulties advocating for compromise [1][11][19] - The 16th round of sanctions, announced in February 2025, aimed to demonstrate unity and respond to U.S. concerns about European defense, but has led to unintended economic consequences for the EU [1][3][19] - The sanctions have not significantly harmed the Russian economy, which has shown growth and fiscal surplus, while the EU faces rising inflation and economic challenges [3][9][19] Economic Impact - Energy prices have surged, contributing to high inflation rates in Europe, with companies like BASF and DSM relocating operations due to unsustainable energy costs [9][12] - Hungary and other Eastern European countries are heavily reliant on Russian oil, requiring substantial investments (estimated at €750 million) for infrastructure upgrades to transition to alternative sources [5][14] - The EU's financial strategies, including freezing funds for Hungary and Poland, have been criticized as ineffective and counterproductive [12][14] Political Dynamics - Hungary's Prime Minister Orban has openly criticized the sanctions as self-harming, gaining support from Slovakia and the Czech Republic for a more lenient approach [11][12] - The EU faces a potential crisis as Hungary's veto power could obstruct future budgets and aid to Ukraine, highlighting the tension between member states [14][19] - Public sentiment in the EU is shifting towards negotiating an end to the conflict, with increasing calls for a reassessment of the sanctions' effectiveness [16][18]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government expresses strong dissatisfaction and opposition to the European Union's unilateral sanctions against Chinese companies under the pretext of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, emphasizing that China is not a party to the crisis and has maintained a responsible stance in promoting peace and dialogue [1] Group 1 - The EU's 19th round of sanctions against Russia includes sanctions targeting Chinese companies [1] - China has lodged formal protests with the EU regarding these sanctions, asserting that it has not provided lethal weapons to any party involved in the conflict [1] - The Chinese government claims that its neutral position has received widespread appreciation and support from the international community [1] Group 2 - The Chinese government criticizes the EU for lacking the authority to comment on normal trade relations between China and Russia, as many countries, including those in Europe and America, continue to trade with Russia [1] - China urges the EU to cease actions that harm Chinese interests and to contribute positively to the healthy and stable development of China-EU relations [1] - The Chinese government indicates that it will take all necessary measures to firmly protect its legitimate rights and interests [1]

Core Viewpoint - The European Union's sanctions against Russia are backfiring and its capacity to expand these sanctions has been exhausted [1] Group 1: Impact of Sanctions - The EU's multiple rounds of sanctions have not been effective in damaging the Russian economy and defense capabilities [1] - The sanctions are causing harm to the EU itself, indicating a counterproductive outcome [1] Group 2: Response from Russia - Russia reserves the right to respond to any hostile actions from the EU, with a careful assessment of the sanctions and their consequences [1] - Appropriate and cautious measures will be taken in alignment with Russia's fundamental interests [1] Group 3: New Sanctions by the EU - The EU has approved the 19th round of sanctions against Russia, which includes 69 new individual sanctions and various economic restrictions [1] - The new sanctions primarily target the Russian energy, financial, and military-industrial sectors [1]

Core Points - The European Union (EU) has approved the 19th round of sanctions against Russia, marking a significant escalation in its economic pressure on the country [1] - This round of sanctions is the first to target the Russian natural gas industry, which is a critical pillar of its economy [1] - The sanctions include 69 new individual sanctions and various economic restrictions, primarily affecting the energy, finance, and military sectors in Russia [1] Energy Sector - The EU will prohibit Russian liquefied natural gas from entering the European market [1] - Russian oil companies and the Russian gas industry will face comprehensive trading bans [1] Financial Sector - The EU will expand trading bans on Russian financial institutions [1] - For the first time, cryptocurrency platforms will be included in the sanctions [1] Diplomatic Measures - The EU will enhance control over the activities of Russian diplomats within EU territory [1] - The EU's High Representative for Foreign Affairs indicated that this round of sanctions will not be the last, suggesting further measures are being planned [1]

Group 1 - The European Commission has announced the 19th round of sanctions against Russia, which for the first time includes the Russian natural gas sector, specifically banning Russian liquefied natural gas from entering the European market [1] - Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Zakharova stated that the EU has exhausted its options for further sanctions, indicating a lack of viable paths to increase pressure on Russia [3] - U.S. President Trump expressed that it is not appropriate to meet with President Putin at this time, citing a lack of progress in their discussions, and indicated that it is time to impose sanctions on Russia [3] Group 2 - Trump mentioned that he believes Putin is now willing to negotiate with Ukraine and discussed the nuclear weapons issue, suggesting a de-escalation in that area [5]