Core Viewpoint - The fate of the reciprocal tariffs remains uncertain as a court case questions the legal basis for President Trump's significant tariff actions [1] Group 1: Legal Proceedings - The U.S. Court of Appeals held oral arguments on the case "VOS Selections v. Trump," where judges questioned whether the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) allows the President to unilaterally alter the tariff schedule set by Congress [1][2] - The case centers on whether Trump exceeded presidential authority, infringing on Congress's constitutional power to set tariffs [1][3] - The Department of Justice defended Trump's global tariff system, but judges expressed skepticism towards their arguments [1][3] Group 2: Tariff Implications - A new round of reciprocal tariffs is set to take effect on August 1, impacting nearly 200 countries that failed to reach a trade agreement with the U.S. [1] - If the Trump administration loses the case, it could significantly undermine its overall tariff strategy and may require seeking Congressional authorization [1][5] Group 3: Judicial Concerns - Judges raised concerns about the scope of emergency powers, questioning why tariffs were not explicitly mentioned in the IEEPA and why Trump is the first president to invoke this law for tariffs [3][4] - The argument presented by the DOJ suggested that Congress intended to grant the President broad powers during emergencies, which could include imposing tariffs [4] Group 4: Market Impact - The Federal Circuit Court is not expected to make a ruling immediately, and the losing party is likely to seek a review from the Supreme Court [5] - A ruling in favor of Trump would grant him significant new powers to impose and relax tariffs on foreign entities, potentially setting a precedent for future presidents [5] - Conversely, a loss for the Trump administration could lead to a murky future for its tariff policies, with potential international disputes arising from countries seeking to revoke existing agreements [5][6]

Group 1 - Senate Minority Leader Schumer criticized the recent US-EU trade agreement as "false" and lacking legal binding power, stating that it would lead to price increases for American families [1] - Schumer pointed out that Europe has acknowledged the agreement's lack of legal enforceability, questioning the ability to control whether investments will occur [1] Group 2 - The Trump administration's use of emergency powers to impose tariffs is currently being challenged in federal court, with a key hearing scheduled for Thursday [2] - The case "VOS Selections v. Trump" is one of six federal lawsuits contesting Trump's authority to impose tariffs under emergency powers, with legal experts expressing doubts about the legality of such actions [3][4] - Plaintiffs argue that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the president the authority to impose tariffs, as it has never been used for this purpose in its nearly 50-year history [4] Group 3 - Following the appellate court hearing, new tariffs imposed by Trump are set to take effect, affecting major trading partners like Canada and Mexico [4] - Analysts predict that Trump's tariffs may face an unfavorable outcome in court, potentially nullifying nearly all trade progress made during his administration [5] - If the Supreme Court rules against Trump, recent trade agreements and proposed tariffs could be deemed illegal, impacting his administration's trade policy significantly [5]

Core Viewpoint - The legal challenge against President Trump's trade strategy, particularly the use of tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), is set to be debated in a key court hearing, which could undermine recent trade agreements [1][2]. Legal Dispute over Tariff Authority - The central issue is whether the Trump administration has overstepped its authority by invoking IEEPA to impose tariffs, with the government claiming trade deficits and fentanyl trafficking constitute a "national emergency" [2][3]. - The plaintiffs, consisting of several small business owners, argue that IEEPA has never been used for tariff imposition in its nearly 50-year history and does not explicitly grant the president such power [2][3]. - A previous ruling by a three-judge panel of the U.S. International Trade Court favored the plaintiffs, stating that Trump exceeded his legal authority in using IEEPA, but this ruling has been temporarily stayed pending the upcoming appeal [2][3]. Broader Context of Legal Challenges - The "VOS Selections" case is one of several lawsuits challenging the applicability of IEEPA, with over six federal lawsuits targeting the same issue [3]. - Another case, "Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump," has already established a broader ruling that IEEPA does not permit unilateral tariff actions by the president [3]. Potential Supreme Court Involvement - Regardless of the outcome of the upcoming court ruling, it is widely anticipated that the case may ultimately reach the U.S. Supreme Court due to its implications for presidential power, congressional authority, and global trade [4]. - Legal experts and market analysts are closely monitoring the situation, with concerns that a ruling against the Trump administration could render recent trade agreements "illegal" [4]. White House Contingency Plans - Analysts suggest that if the IEEPA route is blocked, the White House may resort to alternative legal frameworks, such as Sections 122, 232, 301, and 338 of the Trade Act [6]. - This shift could maintain similar average tariff levels but may lead to a more complex and unpredictable trade environment [6].

Core Viewpoint - The choice of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) by Trump is highlighted as a method that is both quick and comprehensive for addressing economic issues [1] Group 1 - The IEEPA allows for rapid implementation of economic measures in response to national emergencies [1] - The act provides a broad range of powers to the President to regulate international commerce during times of crisis [1] - The use of IEEPA reflects a strategic approach to economic governance under urgent circumstances [1]

Group 1: Legal and Trade Policy Implications - The U.S. International Trade Court overturned Trump's equal tariff measures, stating they exceeded the authority granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) [1] - The ruling questions the legality of tariffs including a 10% base tariff and equal tariffs, potentially leading to their cancellation, but does not affect tariffs based on Section 232 and Section 301 [2] - The court mandated that the administration cease the collection of related tariffs within 10 days, but did not require the refund of already collected tariffs [2] Group 2: Future Tariff Strategies - The ruling increases uncertainty in tariff policies, but the Trump administration may still impose tariffs using alternative legal frameworks such as Section 122, which allows temporary tariffs up to 15% for a maximum of 150 days [3] - Section 232 allows tariffs if imports threaten national security, but requires a cumbersome investigation process by the Department of Commerce [3] - Section 301 has not seen new tariffs this year, likely due to existing tariffs still in effect and limited room for additional tariffs under the Biden administration [3] Group 3: Market and Negotiation Impact - The court's decision limits the Trump administration's ability to impose tariffs, weakening its position in trade negotiations [4] - A potential strategy for the Trump administration could involve short-term tariffs under Section 122 to gain time for further investigations and legislation regarding specific industry tariffs [4] - Risks include uncertainty in higher court rulings and the fluctuating nature of trade negotiations [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Trump administration's tariff actions have faced significant legal challenges, with federal judges ruling against the imposition of tariffs on toy importers in Illinois, indicating that the administration's approach may be unconstitutional and unauthorized by Congress [1][4]. Group 1: Legal Rulings - Judge Rudolph Contreras issued a ruling to block tariffs on toy importers Learning Resources and hand2mind, stating that the Trump administration's tariffs on trade with countries like China are illegal [1]. - The U.S. International Trade Court also ruled against the Trump administration's tariff policies, asserting that the president exceeded his authority by imposing tariffs on countries with trade surpluses with the U.S. [4]. - Both courts concluded that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant the president the authority to impose such tariffs [5]. Group 2: Impact on Companies - Learning Resources and hand2mind, which employ around 500 workers across several states, argued that the tariffs could lead to their closure despite having survived the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. - Following the court's decision, shares of toy companies Mattel (MAT) and Hasbro (HAS) experienced fluctuations, with Mattel maintaining a gain and Hasbro slightly increasing its gains after initially dipping [2].

特朗普4月启动的"对等关税"被美国国际贸易法院认定为超越总统权限（Reuters） 这是对第二任特朗普政府关税政策的首个司法判决。法院命令停止执行的关税包括"对等关税"， 以及以打击非法药物为名，对加拿大、墨西哥、中国等国加征的额外关税。 这些关税均基于《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA），由特朗普总统以宣布国家紧急状态为前 提，通过总统权限启动。 根据判决书，法院裁定总统无权在全球范围内征收关税，指出"IEEPA并未赋予这一权限"。法院 表示特朗普依据IEEPA启动关税政策"超出了总统被赋予的权限"。法院认定这一系列关税无效， 命令政府"永久停止"相关措施。 版权声明：日本经济新闻社版权所有，未经授权不得转载或部分复制，违者必究。 法院认为示特朗普关税政策"超出了总统被赋予的权限"。美国白宫发言人5月28日表示：决定如何 应对紧急事态并不是由未经选举产生的法官来做的。政府将运用一切行政权力来应对这一危机， 重振美国的伟大…… 日经中文网 https://cn.nikkei.com 针对美国中小企业等以特朗普关税违反宪法为由提起的诉讼，美国国际贸易法院5月28日裁定， 对特朗普关税发出停止执行的命令。法院认定 ...