Core Points - The Ministry of Education has approved 32 new vocational universities, bringing the total to 83, indicating a rapid development of vocational undergraduate education [1] - The focus of vocational education is to cultivate skilled talents that meet the needs of economic and social development, aligning with national strategies for building a strong education and technology system [1][3] - Experts emphasize the importance of integrating education with industry to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of vocational training [5][7] Group 1: Development of Vocational Education - The approval of 23 vocational undergraduate universities marks a significant step in the expansion of vocational education in China [1] - The 2014 State Council document initiated the exploration of undergraduate vocational education, aiming to transform some regular universities into application-oriented institutions [1][2] - The vocational undergraduate education aims to produce graduates with higher theoretical knowledge and technical skills compared to traditional undergraduate and associate degree programs [2] Group 2: Industry Integration - The integration of education and industry is crucial for aligning vocational training with market needs, as highlighted by various educational leaders [5][6] - The focus on specific industries, such as manufacturing and technology, is evident in the curriculum of newly established vocational universities [3][6] - Successful models, like the collaboration between vocational schools and local industries, demonstrate the effectiveness of practical training and real-world experience for students [7][8] Group 3: Future Directions - The concept of "new dual high" emphasizes high-quality integration of education and industry, guiding vocational institutions towards modern educational frameworks [6] - The need for vocational education to adapt to trends such as smart, green, and high-end industries is highlighted, necessitating innovative approaches in curriculum design [8] - The establishment of specialized vocational universities, such as the proposed Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational University, reflects a targeted approach to meet regional industry demands [8]

作 者丨王峰 编 辑丨李博 图 源丨摄图网 此后，国内又陆续设置了几所民办本科职业高校，但截至2023年末，总数停留在22所。民办 本科职业教育招生规模占高等职业教育招生规模的比例有限。 2025年高考临近，23所新高校值得关注。 5月22日，教育部对拟同意设置的本科高等学校进行公示，其中包括设立芜湖职业技术大学等 23所本科层次职业学校，即职业本科高校。 截至目前，国内已设立和拟设立的职业本科高校共83所 。我国提出，到2025年，职业本科教 育招生规模不低于高等职业教育招生规模的10%，也就是每年50万人左右，但2023年仅招生 将近9万人。 此 次 新 设 2 3 所 职 业 本 科 高 校 ， 包 括 位 于 广 东 、 浙 江 、 江 苏 等 经 济 发 达 地 区 的 多 所"双高"职业院校，料将吸引大量高考考生报考，壮大职业本科规模。 对于高考考生来说，职业本科高校还是一个新生事物。这些高校过往招收了怎样的生源，职业 本科适合什么样的考生报考，如何招收更多高质量生源，既关乎学校发展，也是广大考生的关 切。 职业本科升格路径 我国职业教育长期处在中专、大专层次办学，提出本科职业教育不过十几年时间。 ...

我国新设立本科院校主要集中在职业本科，是为了加强本科层次的高等职业教育，推进高等教育形成合理的人才 培养结构，也是我国建设技能型社会对相关人才的客观需求。这对于职业教育来说无疑是利好，同时也提醒我们，设 置职业本科院校要重视速度，更要重视质量，所有职业本科院校都应坚持职业教育定位，不能一味参照普通本科院校 的办学经验，而是要以就业为导向培养高素质技能人才。 为了把职业教育办成具有特色的类型教育，我国于2019年新批准设立了一类本科院校职业本科——职业技术大 学。这些大学大多从高职院校"升格"而来，但要求必须保留"职业技术"字样，目的就是要避免它们偏离职业教育定 位。 发展职业本科院校，是我国加强职业教育、建设高质量职业教育体系的重点工作。2021年中办、国办印发《关于 推动现代职业教育高质量发展的意见》提出，到2025年办学格局更加优化，办学条件大幅改善，职业本科教育招生规 模不低于高等职业教育招生规模的10%。但我们目前距离这一目标还有差距。去年，我国新设置了24所本科高等学 校，其中13所为职业本科院校，相比之下，今年新增的职业本科院校更多，当然这不是为了完成目标，而是基于我国 高等教育的现实结构和社会对 ...

Core Points - Shenzhen's total import and export volume for the first four months of 2025 reached 1.39 trillion yuan, a decrease of 1.0% year-on-year, with exports at 829.34 billion yuan (down 7.0%) and imports at 565.22 billion yuan (up 9.4%) [1] - Shanghai's foreign trade for the same period was 1.40 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.0% year-on-year, with exports at 629.02 billion yuan (up 13.8%) and imports at 775.82 billion yuan (down 7.4%) [1] - Shanghai has maintained a lead over Shenzhen in foreign trade, with Shanghai's total import and export volume for Q1 2025 at 1.005385 trillion yuan (down 2.7%) compared to Shenzhen's 990.104 billion yuan (down 2.8%) [1] - In 2024, Shenzhen's foreign trade volume surged to 4.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.4%, surpassing Shanghai's 4.27 trillion yuan [1] Trade Dynamics - Shenzhen's foreign trade dependency ratio exceeded 120% in 2024, indicating a higher sensitivity to global economic fluctuations compared to Shanghai [2] - In April 2025, Shenzhen's trade with major partners showed mixed results, with imports and exports to ASEAN and the US declining by 4.1% and 22.6% respectively, while trade with Taiwan and the EU increased by 29.4% and 8.1% [2] - Despite challenges, Shenzhen's trade showed resilience with a total of 404.61 billion yuan in April, a year-on-year increase of 3.8%, marking two consecutive months of positive growth [2] Policy Responses - Both Shenzhen and Shanghai have initiated measures to stabilize foreign trade, including encouraging companies to expand globally and invest in research and development to enhance product competitiveness [5] - Shenzhen's municipal government has emphasized the need to adapt to changing circumstances and attract foreign investment to meet economic targets [5] Future Outlook - The competition between Shenzhen and Shanghai for the title of "Foreign Trade First City" remains uncertain, with both cities contributing significantly to China's foreign trade stability [6]

Core Points - The Ministry of Education has announced the proposed establishment of 32 new higher education institutions, including 23 public vocational undergraduate colleges [1][2] - Since 2019, the government has been promoting the upgrade of vocational colleges to vocational universities at the undergraduate level [1][2] - The target for vocational undergraduate education enrollment is set to be no less than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education by 2025 [2] Summary by Category Proposed Vocational Undergraduate Institutions - The list includes institutions such as Wuhu Vocational Technical University, Anhui Vocational Technical University, and Ningxia Vocational Technical University among others [1][3][4] - The total number of vocational undergraduate universities is expected to exceed 80 with the recent approvals [2] Other Institutional Changes - Four new public institutions are proposed: Anhui Second Medical College, Fuzhou Medical College, Tianjin Police College, and Qujing Health College [2][3] - Four existing institutions are undergoing name changes, including Nanchang Engineering College to Jiangxi Water Resources and Electric Power University [2][3] - One independent college, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, is transitioning to Shaoxing University of Technology [2][3]

Core Points - The Ministry of Education has announced the proposed establishment of 32 new undergraduate institutions, with 23 of them being vocational colleges, indicating a trend towards expanding vocational education in China [1][3][4] - The number of vocational undergraduate institutions in China is set to exceed 80, with the current total at 60, including both public and private institutions [4][5] - The enrollment in vocational undergraduate programs has seen a significant increase, with 8.99 million students enrolled in 2023, marking a 17.82% growth from the previous year [5][6] Group 1: Proposed Institutions - Among the 32 proposed institutions, 4 are medical colleges, and the rest are vocational colleges transitioning from higher vocational schools [3][4] - Notable name changes include New Xiang Medical University becoming Henan Medical University and Nanchang Engineering College becoming Jiangxi Water Resources and Electric Power University [3][4] Group 2: Trends in Vocational Education - The rapid increase in vocational undergraduate institutions reflects a broader trend in vocational education development, with a goal set for vocational undergraduate enrollment to be no less than 10% of higher vocational education enrollment by 2025 [5][6] - Experts suggest that while the expansion of vocational colleges is necessary, it should be approached with caution to avoid misguiding the development of higher vocational education [6][7] Group 3: Educational Focus and Student Guidance - Vocational undergraduate programs emphasize "integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, and combination of work and study," aiming to cultivate technical talents with specific skills [7] - Students are encouraged to consider their strengths and the job market when choosing vocational undergraduate programs, avoiding the misconception that a higher degree guarantees better outcomes [7][8]

目前全国职业本科院校已经超过了80所。 5月22日，教育部网站发布"关于拟同意设置本科高等学校的公示"，拟同意设置安徽第二医学院、天津警察学院、河南医药大学、广州职业技术 大学、绍兴理工学院等32所本科高校。 既有学历又能学到技能，职业本科学校也受到不少家长和学生的青睐，一些职业本科院校的录取分数线也水涨船高。不仅如此，近年来出现许多 大学毕业生"回炉"职校学技能趋势，希望获得本科学历和实用技能的双重优势，拓宽他们的职业生涯新空间。 根据智联招聘发布的《2024大学生就业力调研报告》，对于"回炉"学习技能是否有助于就业这一问题，52.2%的毕业生给出了肯定答案，认为市 场对专业技能需求大，"回炉"后就业机会更多，占比最高。其次，43.2%认为多个技能多条路，33.2%认为可以以此积累社会经验。可见，多数毕 业生对此表示赞同。 华南一家跨境电商企业负责人孙先生告诉表示，随着产业的转型升级，企业需要越来越多的复合型人才，既要有很强的技术技能，同时也要有扎 实的理论知识基础，人才的职业发展潜力也会更大。 | 序号 | 设置事项 | 申报省份 | 办学性质 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | ...

Group 1 - The establishment of new public vocational universities across various provinces in China, including Anhui, Jiangxi, and Guangdong, indicates a significant push towards expanding vocational education [1][2]. - The restructuring of existing institutions, such as the renaming of New Xiang Medical College to Henan Medical University, reflects a trend towards enhancing the identity and focus of educational institutions [1][2]. - The overall strategy aligns with the national goal to develop vocational undergraduate education, aiming for a recruitment scale that is no less than 10% of higher vocational education by 2025 [3][4]. Group 2 - Vocational undergraduate education is characterized by a four-year curriculum that emphasizes practical skills, with 50% of the coursework dedicated to hands-on experience, distinguishing it from traditional higher education [3][4]. - The recognition of vocational undergraduate degrees as equivalent to traditional bachelor's degrees in terms of certification and employment opportunities enhances the attractiveness of this educational pathway [5]. - There are multiple pathways for students to enroll in vocational undergraduate programs, including regular college entrance examinations and specialized vocational entrance exams [5][6].

职业本科会成为今年高招热门吗 北京首所市属职业本科大学——北京科技职业大学近日成立。从2019年国家试点本科层次职业教育至 今，我国已有60所职业本科高校。那么，职业本科与普通本科、高职专科的区别在哪儿？会开设什么专 业？怎样培养学生？考生又该如何报考呢？ 问题1什么是职业本科教育？ 培养联结研发与生产的高技能人才 中国教育科学研究院职业教育与继续教育研究所副所长、研究员张浩 产业升级与技术变革对新型高技能人才的需求日益迫切，职业本科教育应时而生。2014年，国务院印发 《关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》，首次提出"探索发展本科层次职业教育"。截至2025年3月，获 教育部正式批准的本科层次职业学校达60所，其中民办院校23所，公办院校37所。职业教育止步于专科 层次的学历"天花板"被打破。 职业本科教育明确以"培养联结研发环节与生产环节的高层次技术技能人才"为核心目标，这一定位与普 通本科院校形成了显著差异。普通本科院校以培养学术研究型人才为核心目标，其课程体系围绕学科知 识体系的完整性构建，强调理论知识的系统传授。职业本科则注重学生的技术应用能力、问题解决能力 和跨领域协作能力，强调跨学科知识的横向整合。 ...