齐鲁晚报.齐鲁壹点记者尹明亮 陈志浩在讲话中指出，联盟的成立是山东职业教育深化内涵建设、推动类型特色发展的重要行动。他希望联盟坚持共建共治、聚焦核心任务、完善长效机 制，切实推动资源共享、优势互补，共同打造职业本科教育协同发展的示范平台。 辛杰在致辞中指出联盟的成立是学校贯彻落实"一体两翼"办学格局、深化职普融通的重要举措。他倡议各成员单位携手共建平台、共享资源、共赢发展， 努力形成可复制、可推广的"山东经验"，为全国职业本科教育发展提供"山东方案"。 陈志浩与辛杰共同为"山东省职业本科教育发展联盟"揭牌。联盟11所发起单位——山东青年政治学院、齐鲁师范学院、山东工程职业技术大学、山东外国 语职业技术大学、山东外事职业大学、淄博职业技术大学、山东商业职业技术学院、日照职业技术学院、山东职业学院、滨州职业学院、山东科技职业学 院代表现场签署合作协议。联盟《章程》与《成立宣言》同步发布，标志着联盟进入实质运作阶段。 2025年12月6日，山东省职业本科教育发展联盟成立大会在山东青年政治学院召开。山东省教育厅职业教育处处长陈志浩，特邀专家、河北工业职业技术 大学总督学池云霞，山东青年政治学院党委副书记、院长辛杰，联 ...

Core Insights - The number of vocational undergraduate institutions in China has reached 87, reflecting a growing trend in vocational education [1][5] - Changes in population structure are driving a transformation in the allocation of educational resources, with primary school enrollment peaking in 2023 and higher education age population expected to peak in 2032 [2] - The Ministry of Education is focusing on reforming higher education classification and regional structure to align with national strategic needs, particularly in emerging fields like AI and renewable energy [3][4] Group 1: Educational Trends - The current population development in China shows new characteristics, with primary school enrollment peaking in 2023, and secondary education expected to peak in the coming years [2] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need for educational resource allocation mechanisms that adapt to population changes [2] - There is a significant increase in the establishment of new colleges and programs focused on high-demand fields, indicating a shift towards meeting market needs [3][4] Group 2: Vocational Education - Vocational undergraduate institutions are gaining popularity, with some institutions achieving admission scores comparable to top-tier universities [5] - The rise in vocational education is attributed to the competitive nature of programs and favorable employment prospects, leading to higher admission scores [5] - There is a growing trend of university graduates returning to vocational schools, highlighting the need for higher education institutions to adapt their programs to market demands [6]

Core Points - Shenzhen Polytechnic University has established a collaborative education model with industry associations and Fortune 500 companies, creating 16 specialized industry colleges to enhance vocational education's appeal and recognition [2][4][7]. Group 1: Enrollment and Academic Performance - This year, 100% of the admitted students in physics and history at Shenzhen Polytechnic University exceeded the provincial control line, with 10 students scoring above 600 in physics [4]. - The university's successful enrollment reflects the increasing attractiveness and recognition of vocational undergraduate education [4]. Group 2: Industry-Education Integration - The university emphasizes integrating professional courses with the industrial chain, extending classrooms to industrial parks, and embedding talent cultivation into production lines [5][6]. - The collaborative model has led to significant achievements, such as a graduate applying for 14 patents within three years, with 8 already authorized for use [5]. Group 3: Collaborative Projects and Achievements - Shenzhen Polytechnic University has established a "nine common" model for school-enterprise cooperation, including joint curriculum development and addressing key technological challenges [6][8]. - The university has initiated over 1,400 technology development and consulting projects for enterprises in the past three years, establishing 43 joint research centers with leading companies like DJI [8]. Group 4: Internationalization and Global Competence - The university has launched international training programs to meet the talent needs of companies like BYD in overseas markets, creating pathways for students to work abroad [9][10]. - It has established partnerships with 205 institutions across 45 countries and regions, promoting the internationalization of vocational education and the export of "Chinese standards" [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the role of applied undergraduate institutions in the development of vocational undergraduate education in China, emphasizing the need for caution in encouraging these institutions to offer vocational programs due to potential risks and challenges [1][2][3]. Group 1: Current Developments - The Ministry of Education has announced the 2025 vocational undergraduate education program settings, highlighting the involvement of applied undergraduate institutions [1]. - The goal is for vocational undergraduate enrollment to account for approximately 10% of total higher education enrollment by 2025, as stated in the 2021 policy document [1]. Group 2: Pathway Considerations - There is ongoing debate about whether applied undergraduate institutions should be the primary providers of vocational education, with alternative pathways such as increasing the proportion of higher vocational education and establishing new vocational institutions being viable options [2]. - The article stresses that achieving the 10% enrollment target does not necessarily require relying on applied undergraduate institutions [2]. Group 3: Challenges and Risks - Applied undergraduate institutions may lack the necessary mechanisms and cultural alignment to effectively transition into vocational education, which focuses on job skills rather than academic capabilities [3][5]. - The potential for "position drift" in applied undergraduate institutions could lead to a misalignment of their original educational missions and the emergence of conflicts in institutional culture and faculty structure [4]. - There are significant challenges in restructuring curricula to meet vocational education standards, as many applied institutions still follow traditional academic models [5]. Group 4: Institutional Roles - The article highlights the distinct missions of applied undergraduate and vocational undergraduate institutions, with the former focusing on regional economic service and applied research, while the latter emphasizes specific job skills and high-level technical talent cultivation [3][4]. - It is crucial to clarify the functional roles of different types of institutions to prevent disorderly overlaps and ensure healthy development within the educational system [4][6]. Group 5: Educational Quality and Standards - The article argues that having graduate programs does not equate to possessing the capability to deliver high-level vocational education, as the two educational paths have fundamentally different goals and structures [6][7]. - The development of vocational undergraduate education must address key questions regarding who will provide it, how it will be implemented, and what the outcomes will be, while maintaining clear boundaries and structural balance within the educational system [7].

Core Viewpoint - The recent approval of vocational undergraduate programs by the Ministry of Education reflects a strategic move to align higher education with regional industrial needs and the demand for high-quality technical talent in the context of China's economic development [1][2][3]. Group 1: Vocational Undergraduate Programs - Several application-oriented universities have been granted approval for vocational undergraduate programs, including five programs at Yunnan West Application Technology University and two at Shanghai Engineering Technology University [1]. - The establishment of these programs is seen as a response to the need for high-level technical talent in various high-tech industries, particularly in the context of the Industrial 4.0 era [3]. Group 2: Educational Integration - The integration of vocational education with general education is emphasized as a crucial task, requiring active participation from both sides to achieve effective collaboration [4]. - Application-oriented universities are taking proactive steps to create conditions for hosting vocational undergraduate programs, which signifies their commitment to promoting this integration [4]. Group 3: Quality of Talent Development - Hosting vocational undergraduate programs is expected to enhance the quality of high-skilled talent development, addressing the current limitations of vocational colleges in producing high-quality graduates [5][6]. - Application-oriented universities can leverage their strengths in theoretical education to improve vocational education outcomes, thereby increasing the social recognition of vocational training [6]. Group 4: Modern Vocational Education System - The involvement of application-oriented universities in vocational undergraduate education is anticipated to expand the scale of vocational education at the undergraduate level, potentially correcting the current imbalance between associate and bachelor-level vocational education [7]. - Many application-oriented universities are also pursuing master's and doctoral degree programs, which can contribute to a more comprehensive modern vocational education system [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rising popularity and admission scores of vocational colleges in China, indicating a shift in student preferences towards vocational education due to its practical skills training and alignment with industry needs [3][10]. Summary by Sections Admission Scores and Trends - Several vocational colleges, including Shenzhen Vocational and Technical University and Shenzhen Information Vocational and Technical University, have seen their admission scores surpass those of some double first-class universities, reflecting a significant increase in student quality [4][5]. - In Guangdong, the number of students admitted with scores above 600 in physics has increased by 104.5% compared to the previous year, with the highest score reaching 617, exceeding the special control line by 83 points [3][5]. Growth of Vocational Colleges - The number of vocational bachelor's degree programs has reached a record high of 36, with a total of 87 vocational colleges now offering such programs [6][10]. - The article notes that vocational colleges are increasingly attracting high-scoring students, as they offer a combination of academic qualifications and practical skills, particularly in high-demand fields like artificial intelligence and integrated circuits [7][10]. Employment Outcomes - Employment rates for graduates from vocational colleges are notably high, with institutions like Wuxi Vocational Technical College reporting a placement rate of 97.38% for the 2024 graduating class [6]. - The demand for skilled talent is rising due to China's industrial transformation, necessitating a workforce that possesses both theoretical knowledge and practical skills [6][10]. Innovative Educational Programs - New initiatives, such as the pre-apprentice technician order class in Guangzhou, are being introduced to enhance the skills of undergraduate graduates, indicating a growing recognition of the need for practical training [9]. - The article discusses the structural mismatch between the high theoretical knowledge of many graduates and the practical skills required by employers, emphasizing the need for vocational training to bridge this gap [9][10].

Core Insights - The number of vocational bachelor's degree institutions has reached a new high of 36 this year, totaling 87 institutions nationwide [4][1] - Many vocational colleges have seen their admission scores rise significantly, with some surpassing those of top-tier universities [2][3] - The demand for skilled talent is increasing due to industrial transformation, necessitating a focus on vocational education [6][5] Group 1: Admission Trends - Shenzhen Vocational Technology University and Shenzhen Information Vocational Technology University have exceeded admission scores of some double first-class universities, indicating strong demand for applied talent in Shenzhen [2][1] - In Zhejiang Province, Jinhua Vocational Technology University achieved a record high admission score of 621, with a 17% increase in students scoring above 600 compared to 2024 [2][1] - Guangzhou Vocational Technology University has shown strong admission results, with the highest score in the physics category reaching 562, significantly above the undergraduate control line [3][1] Group 2: Educational Focus and Industry Needs - Vocational bachelor's programs are increasingly popular among students and parents due to their combination of academic qualifications and practical skills [4][5] - Many vocational colleges are focusing on fields such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, and biomedicine, aligning with national strategic needs [5][1] - The emergence of programs targeting undergraduate students for vocational training reflects a growing recognition of the skills gap in the labor market [6][5] Group 3: Employment Outcomes - The employment placement rate for graduates from Wuxi Vocational Technology University reached 97.38%, indicating strong job prospects for vocational graduates [3][1] - Ningbo Vocational Technology University reported an employment rate of over 88% for its graduates, with a significant portion employed in the manufacturing sector [3][1] - The increasing trend of graduates returning to vocational training highlights the need for practical skills in the job market [6][5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and shortcomings of vocational undergraduate education in China, highlighting the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, as well as the low recognition of vocational degrees in the job market [1][15][50]. Group 1: Current State of Vocational Education - The "招本" plan from Zhengzhou Railway Vocational Technical College has gained attention, with 45 undergraduate students enrolled in specialized programs [3][4]. - The employment rate for graduates from this college has consistently exceeded 90% over the past three years, contrasting sharply with the overall employment rate of 55.5% for 2024 college graduates [7]. - The rapid growth of vocational education is evident, with the establishment of 32 new vocational undergraduate institutions in the first half of the year, bringing the total to 87 nationwide [8]. Group 2: Student Experiences and Challenges - Many students, like Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhang, express disappointment with their vocational education, feeling unprepared for the job market and often abandoning their fields of study [11][15]. - The curriculum often mimics traditional undergraduate programs, focusing heavily on theory rather than practical training, leading to a lack of engagement and interest among students [14][15]. - Graduates from vocational programs face challenges in job applications, as many employers do not recognize vocational degrees, leading to a sense of insecurity among graduates [16][15]. Group 3: Institutional Differences and Development - There is a notable divide between public and private vocational institutions, with private institutions often leading the way in innovation and exploration [29][30]. - The article highlights the disparity in educational quality and outcomes between economically developed regions and less developed areas, with regions like the Pearl River Delta showing superior vocational education standards [30][31]. - The article emphasizes the need for deeper reforms in vocational education to avoid the "new wine in old bottles" phenomenon, stressing the importance of top-level design and alignment with market needs [50][51].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing trend of undergraduate students returning to vocational education to acquire practical skills, highlighting the structural mismatch between theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the job market [1][2][3][4][5]. Group 1: Vocational Education Trends - Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College has included undergraduate students in its admissions for specific programs, indicating a shift towards attracting higher-educated individuals [1]. - Guangdong Lingnan Vocational Technical College reported over 150 undergraduate students returning for skill certification in the past two years, with a focus on fields like psychological counseling and health management [2]. - The emergence of "university technician classes" in institutions like Qingdao Technician College has seen significant enrollment, with about one-third of students holding undergraduate degrees [2]. Group 2: Employment and Skills Demand - According to a survey by Zhaopin, 52.2% of graduates believe that returning to vocational training enhances employment opportunities, reflecting a strong market demand for specialized skills [3]. - There is a structural contradiction between the high theoretical knowledge of many graduates and the practical skills required by employers, particularly as industries transition towards higher-end, intelligent, and green practices [4]. Group 3: Rise of Vocational Bachelor's Programs - The introduction of vocational bachelor's programs in 2019 has led to a significant increase in the number of such institutions, with 87 vocational bachelor's schools currently in operation [5]. - The popularity of vocational bachelor's programs is rising among students and parents, as evidenced by increasing admission scores and the choice of high-achieving students to enroll in these programs [5].

Group 1 - The Ministry of Education has announced the establishment of 57 new undergraduate institutions this year, including 36 vocational schools and 3 new research universities [1] - Vocational undergraduate institutions have shown strong performance in recent admissions, with many exceeding the scores of traditional undergraduate programs, indicating a close link between regional industrial development and talent cultivation [3] - The planned enrollment scale for vocational undergraduate institutions this year is set to reach 550,000, marking a rapid development from the first batch of "vocational undergraduate universities" established in 2019, with a total of 87 such institutions now in existence [4] Group 2 - New research universities differ from traditional institutions by focusing on a small number of specialized disciplines aimed at key national technology sectors, ensuring closer alignment with industry needs [6] - Dongfang University of Technology in Ningbo, Zhejiang, is concentrating on six cutting-edge technology fields, with plans to enroll 70 students in its first undergraduate cohort [6]