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Amalgamated Financial (AMAL) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-23 16:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Core earnings per share for Q3 2025 was $0.91, with year-to-date core EPS at $2.66, reflecting a 3% growth compared to the previous year [3][9] - Net income was reported at $26.8 million, or $0.88 per diluted share, while core net income was $27.6 million, or $0.91 per diluted share [9] - Net interest income increased by 4.9% to $76.4 million, with a net interest margin rising by 5 basis points to 3.6% [9][10] - Non-performing assets decreased by $12.2 million, or 34.6%, to $23 million, representing 0.26% of total assets [4] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Loans grew by $99 million across multifamily, CRE, and C&I portfolios, marking a 3.3% growth, up from 2.1% in the previous quarter [5][6] - The PACE portfolio saw total assessments grow by $27.4 million, with CPACE growing over 8% [5] - Deposits increased by over $415 million, with notable growth in the political segment (19% increase) and climate and sustainability segment (21% increase) [6] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total on-balance sheet deposits increased by $149 million, or 1.9%, to $7.6 billion, with an additional $265 million held off-balance sheet [10] - The tangible book value per share increased by $0.98, or 4%, to $25.31, growing over 46% since September 2021 [10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is investing in a fully integrated digital modernization platform to enhance productivity and customer understanding [7] - Management is optimistic about future growth, emphasizing the importance of geographic diversity in managing loan growth targets [8] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged the ongoing credit cycle and the need for early disclosure and decisive resolution of credit issues [4] - The company raised its full-year 2025 core pre-tax pre-provision earnings guidance to $164 million-$165 million [16] Other Important Information - The allowance for credit losses on loans decreased by $2.5 million to $56.5 million, with the ratio of allowance to total loans at 1.18% [15] - The company plans to continue share buybacks until the share price reflects forward earnings projections [11] Q&A Session Summary Question: Specific reserve mentioned on page 11 - The specific reserve of $1.9 million is related to a multifamily property with an updated appraisal indicating a change in LTV [19][20] Question: Impact of potential rent freezes in New York City - Management does not expect significant impact from potential rent freezes in the next 18-24 months and sees potential upside in balanced housing approaches [22][24] Question: Concerns about federal funding for green energy projects - Management feels secure about existing projects as funding streams are locked in, and they are seeing acceleration in project transactions [25][26][30] Question: Positioning against regulatory scrutiny - The company focuses on compliance with laws and regulations, emphasizing strong performance and risk management to mitigate regulatory risks [31][32] Question: Expense management and guidance - Expenses are on track with the $170 million annual target, with potential upside if Q4 expenses align with Q3 levels [38][41] Question: Loan yields and new originations - Loan yields are expected to decline due to anticipated rate cuts, with new originations showing strong performance in the C&I and PACE portfolios [42][44]
Old Second Bancorp(OSBC) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-23 15:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net income for Q3 2025 was $9.9 million or $0.18 per diluted share, with a return on assets of 0.56% and a return on average tangible common equity of 6.16% [4] - Excluding adjusting items, net income was $28.4 million or $0.53 per diluted share, reflecting a significant impact from the acquisition of Bancorp Financial [5] - The tangible equity ratio declined by 42 basis points to 10.41%, but remains 27 basis points higher than the same period last year [7] - Net interest margin improved to 5.05%, a 20 basis point increase from the previous quarter and 41 basis points year-over-year [8][18] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total loans increased by $1.27 billion, primarily due to $1.19 billion of loans acquired with Bancorp Financial [9] - Non-interest income increased by $2.1 million compared to the prior year, driven by a 26.1% increase in wealth management fees [13] - Non-interest expense rose by $19.7 million compared to the prior linked quarter, largely due to acquisition costs [15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The loan-to-deposit ratio increased to 91.4% as of September 30, 2025, compared to 83.3% last quarter [9] - The total cost of deposits was 1.33%, up from 0.84% in the previous quarter [8] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on the effective integration of Evergreen Bank Group and optimizing the balance sheet post-acquisition [15] - A 17% increase in the common dividend reflects confidence in the company's performance [25] - The company aims to maintain core expense growth around 4% into 2026, excluding impacts from the Evergreen acquisition [23] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about the remainder of 2025 following the Evergreen acquisition and the onboarding of new team members [25] - The company anticipates a low single-digit growth rate in 2025, supported by robust pipelines in various sectors [63] - Management is confident in the credit quality and collateral positions despite some increases in non-performing loans [10][69] Other Important Information - The allowance for credit losses on loans increased to $75 million, or 1.43% of total loans, reflecting adjustments related to the acquisition [11] - The company is well-prepared for potential economic challenges and has a strong capital position [20] Q&A Session Summary Question: Potential runoff of exception price deposits - Management indicated a couple hundred million dollars in market-priced funding, with a goal to transition back to core deposit types over the next 6 to 18 months [27][28] Question: Future originations in PowerSport - The focus remains on originating loans across all tiers, with a historical emphasis on the top two tiers [30][31] Question: Loan growth outlook - Management expects low to mid-single-digit growth heading into 2026, with strong pipelines in various sectors [63][87] Question: Charge-off trajectory - Charge-offs were primarily administrative, with a positive outlook on credit quality moving forward [54][69] Question: M&A strategy - The company is open to future acquisitions, particularly focused on deposit-heavy opportunities [73][74] Question: Wealth management growth - Wealth management fees saw a significant increase, with expectations for continued growth [78][80]
贷款“三查”形同虚设,重庆银行屡罚不改的合规之困
Guan Cha Zhe Wang· 2025-10-23 14:10
Core Viewpoint - Chongqing Bank has faced significant regulatory penalties and management changes, highlighting ongoing compliance issues and challenges in achieving sustainable growth amidst a backdrop of operational expansion and risk management failures [1][7][10]. Regulatory Penalties - Chongqing Bank was fined 2.2 million yuan for failing to conduct due diligence in loan issuance and for imprudent investment decisions, marking another penalty in a series of regulatory actions this year [1][2]. - Since 2021, the bank has accumulated over 10 million yuan in fines for various violations, including loan management and anti-money laundering issues [1][7]. Management Changes - The bank has undergone a substantial leadership overhaul in 2023, with nearly all senior executives replaced, raising questions about the new management's ability to navigate compliance challenges and improve performance [1][9]. - The new management team is notably younger, with many members coming from Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank, indicating a strategy to leverage external expertise for internal reform [10]. Financial Performance - In 2024, Chongqing Bank reported a slight increase in revenue and net profit, with total operating income reaching 13.679 billion yuan (up 3.54%) and net profit at 5.117 billion yuan (up 3.8%) [4]. - Despite the growth in revenue, the bank's net interest income has declined for three consecutive years, with a reported 10.176 billion yuan in 2024, down 2.59% year-on-year [4]. Asset Quality - The bank's overall non-performing loan (NPL) ratio improved to 1.25%, but this was largely due to significant write-offs of bad loans, which totaled 3.049 billion yuan in 2024 [5][6]. - Retail loan NPL rates have reached alarming levels, with personal mortgage loans and credit card delinquencies showing significant increases [6]. Market Position and Challenges - Chongqing Bank's net interest margin has narrowed to 1.35%, placing it among the lowest in the A-share market, reflecting challenges in asset-liability management [4]. - The bank's reliance on non-interest income, which saw a substantial increase in fees and commissions, raises concerns about the sustainability of its revenue model in a volatile market environment [4].
Colony Bank(CBAN) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-23 14:02
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Operating net income increased by $252,000 from the prior quarter, attributed to higher net interest income and operating non-interest income, offset by increased provision and operating non-interest expenses [15] - Net interest income rose by $314,000 compared to the prior quarter, driven by continued asset repricing and loan growth [15] - Operating return on assets (ROA) improved from 0.81% in Q3 of last year to 1.06% this quarter [4] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Loan growth for the quarter was around 9% annualized, lower than the first and second quarters, but still around a 14% annualized growth rate for the year [5] - Non-interest income increased over $1 million from the prior quarter, with significant increases in fee income and interchange income [7] - Operating non-interest expenses rose by $624,000 quarter-over-quarter due to investments in talent and growth initiatives [18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total deposits increased by $28.1 million during the quarter, reflecting strategic use of brokered funding [23] - The weighted average rate on new and renewed loans was 7.83% during the quarter, indicating a meaningful pickup in yield [23] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on deepening relationships with customers through a consultative approach to grow core deposits and increase fee opportunities [6] - The pending merger with TC Bancshares is progressing as planned, with expectations for closing in the fourth quarter and system conversion in the first quarter of the next year [10][11] - The company is optimistic about future M&A opportunities and is strategically looking to grow its customer base and talent pool [12] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management does not foresee a material impact from the government shutdown on the business or customers, although there may be some effects on the SBSL group [30] - The company expects loan growth in the fourth quarter to be lower than the past quarter, aligning with long-term targets of 8%-12% annual growth [6] - Management remains confident in balancing cost control with strategic investments for long-term organic growth [18] Other Important Information - The tangible common equity (TCE) ratio at the end of the quarter was 8%, up from 7.43% a year ago, and tangible book value per share increased to $14.20 from $12.76 [25] - A wire fraud incident resulted in a recognized loss of $1.25 million related to disputed insurance coverage [19] Q&A Session Summary Question: Given the disruption in D.C., is there any trickle-down effect to borrowers and the local economy? - Management does not see a material impact at this time and has provided resources to customers to mitigate potential issues [30] Question: What is the average roll-on versus roll-rate this quarter, and how does the NIM outlook look? - The roll-off yields were in the 5% range, with a new and renewed rate of 7.83%, indicating expected modest growth in net interest margin [31] Question: Is there any NDFI loan exposure? - Management confirmed there is no meaningful exposure to NDFI loans, focusing instead on relationship-based lending [32]
中国银行业_2025 年三季度预览_大型国有银行同比增长势头可能延续-China Banks_ Q325 preview_ Positive YoY growth momentum for large SOE banks likely to continue
2025-10-23 13:28
Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - **Industry**: Chinese Banking Sector - **Context**: The conference call discusses the upcoming Q3 earnings results for large state-owned enterprises (SOE) banks, joint stock banks (JSBs), and regional banks in China, highlighting expected performance trends and key metrics. Core Insights and Arguments - **Positive Growth Momentum**: Large SOE banks are expected to continue showing positive year-over-year (YoY) growth in revenue, profit before provisions (PPOP), and net profit, driven by strong non-interest income, particularly from investment and trading activities. However, net interest income (NII) may decline on average YoY [2][3][4] - **Joint Stock Banks Performance**: Select JSBs are anticipated to report positive net profit growth, aided by reduced impairment charges, although revenue and PPOP growth may remain subdued [2][3] - **Regional Banks Challenges**: Most regional banks are likely to experience a slowdown in both revenue and net profit growth, attributed to weakened investment and trading income [2][3] - **Key Operating Metrics**: - NIM (Net Interest Margin) is projected to decline slightly by 2 basis points (bps) on average across all bank types. - Loan growth YoY is expected to remain stable for large SOE and regional banks, while select JSBs may see a slight increase of 3.6% YoY. - Credit costs are expected to decline YoY, with large SOE banks, JSBs, and regional banks recording reductions of 8, 11, and 6 bps respectively [2][3] Investment Sentiment - **Market Performance**: MSCI China Banks and MSCI China Banks-A have gained 21.3% and 12.4% year-to-date as of October 17, 2025, but have underperformed the broader MSCI China index, which rose by 32.7% [3] - **Investor Preferences**: Investors are likely to favor banks with sustained positive YoY net profit growth and improving NIM and asset quality trends. The performance of investment and trading income, along with credit costs, will be critical differentiators in the upcoming earnings season [3][4] Bank-Specific Expectations - **ICBC**: Expected to show the largest improvement in net profit growth, with a YoY increase of 2.5% in Q3 compared to 1.4% in Q2. It is highlighted as a preferred stock with a dividend yield of 5.8% for 2025E [4] - **ABC**: Anticipated to have the highest YoY net profit after tax (NPAT) growth among large SOE banks at 3.6% in Q3, outperforming the average of 2.1% [4] - **CITIC**: Expected to lead JSBs with a YoY NPAT growth of 6.6% in Q3, significantly above the average of 2.1% for select JSBs [4] - **Regional Banks**: BONJ is flagged for robust growth, while BOCD may face notable deceleration [4] Defensive Investment Strategy - **Defensive Names**: Given the soft macro conditions and trade uncertainties, there is a constructive outlook on defensive bank stocks. Dividend yields have become attractive, exceeding 5% for H-shares and 4% for A-shares [6] Financial Forecasts - **Q325E Forecasts**: - Core earnings for major banks show varied performance, with ICBC expected to decline by 2.7%, CCB increasing by 2.1%, and ABC decreasing by 1.5% YoY. - NII is projected to decline for most banks, with ICBC at -4.5% and ABC at -3.7% YoY. - Non-interest income is expected to see significant growth for some banks, with estimates of 110% for certain institutions [7] Additional Insights - **Credit Cost Trends**: The average credit cost across banks is expected to decline, with ICBC at 0.43% and CCB at 0.56% for 2025E, indicating improved asset quality [9] - **NIM Trends**: The quarterly NIM for major banks is projected to decline, with ICBC at 1.24% and CCB at 1.36% for Q325E, reflecting ongoing pressure on interest margins [8] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, providing insights into the performance expectations and investment sentiment within the Chinese banking sector.
Norwood Financial (NWFL) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-22 14:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported strong results in Q3 2025, with assets growing by approximately $100 million year-to-date and expanding margins due to growth in loans and deposits [6][7] - The net interest margin increased by 20 basis points on a linked quarter basis, resulting in a $1.4 million increase in net interest income compared to the second quarter [16] - Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30 increased by 9% year-over-year, driven by growth in wealth and trust activities as well as increased gains on loan sales [17] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fee income has grown year-over-year, particularly in wealth management and trust services [7] - Credit metrics improved, with nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans decreasing and reserves to nonperforming assets increasing [18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company has a significant amount of municipal deposits, which are expected to decrease in line with market rates [24] - The company anticipates a beta of around 50% on the way down regarding deposit costs as market rates decline [25] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on strategic growth, including a merger with Presence Bank, with regulatory applications filed and pending approval [9] - A leadership transition in the Board of Directors was completed, adding two new directors to strengthen the board [12] - The company has rolled out a new brand and improved its culture, aiming for a unified customer experience across its services [14] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's financial position and ability to serve customers effectively, highlighting a strong performance culture [7][13] - The outlook for net interest margin remains positive, with expectations of reaching towards 4% [28] Other Important Information - The company completed a capital raise through common stock issuance to support growth and improve financial position [8] - The company has seen a release of the allowance for credit losses, primarily due to loans moving out of nonaccrual status [17] Q&A Session Summary Question: Ability to further reduce deposit costs with expected rate cuts - Management indicated that municipal deposits tied to market rates will decrease, and they are actively reducing other specialized rates in line with Fed rate changes [24][25] Question: NIM outlook and stability - Management remains optimistic about the NIM outlook, expecting continued pricing up of the loan book, aiming for a NIM of around 4% [28] Question: M&A opportunities and timeline for Presence Bank deal - Management is opportunistic regarding M&A and is awaiting regulatory approval for the Presence Bank merger, with no specific timeline available [31][32] Question: Loan growth demand and categories - Loan growth has been broad across categories, with consumer lending performing well, while agricultural loans have slightly decreased as a percentage of the portfolio [38]
Preferred Bank(PFBC) - 2025 Q3 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-21 19:00
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported a record earnings per share of $2.84 for Q3 2025, with net income of $35.9 million, showing significant improvement compared to previous quarters [5][6] - Nonperforming loans decreased from $52 million to $17 million, primarily due to the foreclosure of a $37 million loan, which has since been sold for a gain [6][7] - Loan growth was 2.3% or $133 million, while deposit growth was 2.5% or $151 million, indicating a positive trend in customer optimism despite economic uncertainties [7][8] - The efficiency ratio improved to less than 30% due to increased net interest income, with operating overhead remaining steady [8] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company experienced reasonable loan and deposit growth, with a focus on maintaining credit quality metrics stable [7][8] - The loan portfolio composition shifted, with 29% being fixed or long adjustable rates and 71% floating rates, of which 98% have floors [15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The average margin for September was reported at 3.87%, with the cost of deposits at 3.36% [26] - The company has about $1.27 billion of CDs maturing at an average rate of 4.1% in Q4, with new CDs coming in at mid to high 3% [28] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to increase demand deposits while managing the cost of non-interest-bearing accounts strategically [40][42] - There is a focus on proactive interest rate management, with a significant reduction in floating rate loans from 90% to nearly 70% over the past year and a half [59] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed cautious optimism about loan growth in Q4, expecting it to be similar to Q3, influenced by recent interest rate cuts [35][36] - The company anticipates a continued trend of refinancing as borrowers seek to lower their interest burdens, which may lead to increased payoffs [56] Other Important Information - The company repurchased $6.3 million of its own shares during the quarter, with additional repurchases of 128,000 shares in October for $11.2 million [8][19] - An error in calculating diluted earnings per share for the first half of 2025 was acknowledged, resulting in an underreporting of net income by $5 million, which has been corrected in the current report [9] Q&A Session Summary Question: Update on loan portfolio's floating rate component - As of September 30, 71% of the loan portfolio is floating rate, with 98% having floors, but many are not currently in the money [15] Question: Price sensitivity around the buyback - The buyback strategy is measured against income levels and share prices, with no set formula for the amount [17] Question: Average margin and cost of deposits - The margin for September was 3.87%, and the cost of deposits was 3.36% [26] Question: Expectations for near-term expense run rate - Non-interest expense is expected to be around 22% to 22.5% going forward, with increases anticipated in 2026 [38] Question: Insights on deposit composition and flows - There is a strategic focus on increasing non-interest-bearing demand deposits, but competition for these deposits is increasing [40][42] Question: Expected OREO gain in Q4 - The expected OREO gain is projected to be in the range of $3 million to $4 million [43]
HBT Financial, Inc. (NASDAQ:HBT) Surpasses Earnings Estimates in Q3 2025
Financial Modeling Prep· 2025-10-20 22:00
Core Insights - HBT Financial, Inc. reported a third-quarter earnings per share (EPS) of $0.65, exceeding estimates and showing year-over-year improvement [2][6] - The company's revenue for the quarter was approximately $59.8 million, reflecting a 6% increase compared to the same period last year, despite being slightly below estimates [2][6] Financial Performance - The EPS of $0.65 surpassed the estimated $0.62 and improved from the previous year's EPS of $0.61 [2][6] - Revenue of $59.8 million was slightly below the estimated $60.8 million but represented a 6% year-over-year increase [2][6] Strategic Moves - HBT's merger with CNB Bank Shares is aimed at enhancing future earnings growth, presenting both opportunities and potential integration costs [3][6] - The company maintains a strong net interest margin and solid asset quality, which are essential for financial stability and growth prospects [3][6] Valuation Metrics - HBT has a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of approximately 9.92, indicating market valuation of its earnings [4] - The price-to-sales ratio is about 2.61, reflecting its market value relative to sales [4] - The enterprise value to sales ratio is around 2.87, showing the company's total valuation compared to its revenue [4] Financial Health - HBT's low debt-to-equity ratio of 0.17 indicates conservative use of debt [5] - The current ratio of 0.19 suggests potential liquidity challenges in meeting short-term obligations [5] - The company's earnings yield of about 10.08% provides a favorable return on investment for shareholders [5]
又见中小银行密集调降存款利率
第一财经· 2025-10-19 06:35
2025.10. 19 本文字数:1147,阅读时长大约2分钟 在沉寂了一段时间后,近日,中小银行又进入了新一轮降息潮。第一财经统计,10月份以来,一批 中小银行密集下调或正在准备下调存款利率。 作者 | 第一财经 安卓 "我们预计近段时间存款利率将下调10个基点。"苏商银行一位工作人员日前表示。目前,该行正在热 推3年期2.2%的定期存款。 展望后市,业内倾向于认为年内还将再度开启降准降息"窗口"。东方金诚宏观首席分析师王青预计, 四季度央行有可能实施新一轮降息降准,并带动LPR报价跟进下调。中信证券研报也认为,四季度 可能有一次10个基点的降息落地。 另外,存量存款利率的下行也将有助于净息差企稳。根据中信证券研报,我国高息存款的存入高峰期 为2022年至2024年,这部分存款将在2025年~2026年集中到期;同时,存款定期化趋势也在得以缓 解。高息存款重定价叠加存款活化,将带动我国存量存款利率迎来10年来最大幅度的下行,这有助 于缓解银行净息差收窄压力,为后续货币宽松打开空间。 此前,财通证券以国有行披露的吸收存款到期情况进行估算,预计2025年全国定期存款到期规模约 为89万亿元,2026年到期规模约 ...
ICICI Bank(IBN) - 2026 Q2 - Earnings Call Transcript
2025-10-18 12:30
Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Profit before tax, excluding treasury, grew by 9.1% year on year to INR 161.64 billion in Q2 FY 2026 [5] - Core operating profit increased by 6.5% year on year to INR 170.78 billion [5] - Profit after tax grew by 5.2% year on year to INR 123.59 billion [5] - Average deposits grew by 9.1% year on year and 1.6% sequentially [5] - Total deposits grew by 7.7% year on year and 0.3% sequentially [6] - Net NPL ratio improved to 0.39% from 0.41% in the previous quarter [8] - Capital position remained strong with a CET1 ratio of 16.35% [9] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Domestic loan portfolio grew by 10.6% year on year and 3.3% sequentially [6] - Retail loan portfolio grew by 6.6% year on year and 2.6% sequentially [6] - Business Banking portfolio grew by 24.8% year on year and 6.5% sequentially [7] - Corporate portfolio grew by 3.5% year on year and 1% sequentially [7] - Mortgage portfolio grew by 9.9% year on year and 2.8% sequentially [11] - Credit card portfolio grew by 6.4% year on year and 8.4% sequentially [12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average liquidity coverage ratio for the quarter was about 127% [6] - The overseas loan portfolio constituted 2.3% of the overall loan book [7] - The gross NPA additions were INR 50.34 billion in the current quarter [14] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The strategic focus remains on growing profit before tax through a customer-centric approach and enhancing delivery capabilities [4] - The company aims to maintain a strong balance sheet, prudent provisioning, and healthy levels of capital while delivering sustainable returns [9] Management Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management is positive on growth outlook, noting that growth has picked up across retail portfolios [32] - Corporate India is well-funded with strong balance sheets, and the bank remains active in the corporate space [33] - Margins are expected to remain range-bound due to competitive dynamics and deposit repricing [35][37] Other Important Information - Operating expenses increased by 12.4% year on year, reflecting retail business-related expenses and festive season marketing [22] - The total provisions during the quarter were INR 9.14 billion, reflecting healthy asset quality across segments [23] Q&A Session Summary Question: Is there visibility on continued market share gains on CASA? - Management noted that CASA growth has improved due to steady distribution expansion and digital platforms [40][41] Question: How does the bank view the trade-off between growth and profitability? - Management emphasized that they do not see it as a trade-off but focus on risk-adjusted PPOP [49][50] Question: What is the outlook for vehicle loans and personal loans? - Management is positive on growth in these segments and is increasing disbursements [55][56] Question: How does the bank track the end use of crop loans? - Management stated that processes for PSL classification are reviewed, but no specific issues were noted [70]