Core Viewpoint - The COP30 conference is approaching its conclusion, with Australia and Turkey reaching a compromise for the hosting of COP31, highlighting the competitive dynamics between the two nations in climate negotiations [1][2]. Group 1: Hosting Dynamics - Australia will lead the negotiations for COP31, while Turkey will host the event, following a compromise reached in Brazil [1]. - The competition between Australia and Turkey for the COP31 hosting rights has been ongoing since 2022, with a default hosting by Bonn, Germany, if no agreement was reached [1][2]. - The layout of the exhibition space at COP30 reflects the competitive nature, with China's display prominently positioned [1]. Group 2: Challenges of Co-hosting - The co-hosting arrangement presents challenges such as increased coordination costs and potential ambiguity in responsibility sharing between the two nations [3]. - There are concerns regarding the efficiency and continuity of negotiations if disagreements arise between the co-hosts [3]. Group 3: Key Issues and Interests - Australia's primary focus is on the climate rights of Pacific island nations, aiming to highlight their issues during COP31 and enhance its leadership role in Oceania [4][8]. - Turkey seeks to position itself as a bridge between developed and developing countries, emphasizing climate justice and the need for a fair climate financing system [5][7]. - Both countries have distinct priorities: Australia is concerned with a broader range of climate issues, while Turkey focuses on equitable transition and energy security [6][7]. Group 4: Specific Proposals - Australia plans to address the impacts of climate change on small island nations, including rising sea levels and extreme weather events, and aims to promote discussions on marine protection and clean energy technologies [8]. - Turkey emphasizes the need for developed countries to fulfill their climate financing commitments and to transfer clean energy technologies to developing nations [7].

联合国气候变化大会主会场突发火灾 磋商被迫中断 中新网11月21日电 在巴西帕拉州贝伦市举行的联合国气候变化大会(COP30)主会场当地时间20日下午突 发火灾，浓烟迅速蔓延，会场数千名代表、观察员及媒体人员紧急撤离，目前暂无人员伤亡报告。截至 人员撤离时，"中国角"区域未受到火灾影响。 本次气候峰会原定于本周五结束，但近200个参会方未能在周三设定的最后期限前，就增加气候融资、 削减化石燃料等关键议题达成一致。(完) 据路透社报道，火情发生于当日下午2时许，起火地点位于大会会场的"蓝区"。"蓝区"内设有各缔约方 展台、代表团办公区及媒体工作区。 监控画面显示，火苗从国家展馆区域突然窜起，安保人员随即来到人员密集的走廊处，引导各国谈判代 表有序撤离。 当地消防部门称，起火原因可能与电器设备故障有关，很可能是微波炉引发。火势在约六分钟内得到控 制，具体原因仍在调查中。 火灾发生时，会场内多项谈判正密集进行，相关磋商被迫中断。 据新华社消息，目前暂无人员伤亡报告。截至人员撤离时，"中国角"区域未受到火灾影响。 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：董文博 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中 ...

Core Viewpoint - The COP30 conference in Belem, Brazil, is facing significant disagreements among parties regarding key issues such as climate financing, adaptation plans, emission reduction targets, and data standards, despite the approaching conclusion of the event [1] Group 1: Climate Financing and Support - Brazilian President Lula emphasized the need for developed countries to increase support for developing nations in addressing climate change, including financial aid, technology transfer, and knowledge sharing [1] Group 2: Negotiation Progress and Challenges - The Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Simon Steele, noted that COP30 has achieved a series of practical climate action results, showcasing comprehensive strategies across the economy and society, which were unimaginable a few years ago [1] - Steele called for rapid, fair, and large-scale results to bridge the gap between commitments and implementation, warning that every moment of delay will incur high costs [1]

Core Insights - The report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance highlights that innovation and regulatory support are crucial for the growth of sustainable debt in emerging markets, which is essential for bridging the multi-trillion-dollar climate financing gap [1][10]. Group 1: Current Market Trends - In 2024, the issuance of labeled sustainable debt in the MENA and Asia-Pacific regions reached a record high, but it slowed down in 2025 due to changing perceptions regarding the advantages of labeled debt, including impacts on pricing and reporting costs [2][6]. - The pricing advantage of labeled debt is diminishing, with some issuers even paying a premium for green debt, indicating a shift in market dynamics [6]. Group 2: Regulatory Support and Innovation - Regulatory bodies can help reduce barriers faced by issuers by providing solutions such as offsetting labeling costs and creating a clear regulatory environment for labeled debt issuance [6]. - The Hong Kong government has implemented a subsidy program for green and social issuers, with over 620 sustainable debt instruments issued by mid-October 2025, totaling more than $170 billion [6]. Group 3: Growth Opportunities - Labeled debt currently represents only 2.6% of the debt market in emerging economies, highlighting significant growth opportunities [6]. - Social debt, which has only accounted for 8% of total issuance since 2020 in emerging markets, presents strong growth potential, with countries like South Korea and Japan leading the global social bond market [7]. Group 4: Innovative Structures - Issuers are exploring innovative structures beyond traditional labels and terms, such as blue bonds and sustainability-linked loans, which can attract capital to underfunded areas like marine ecosystem protection [7][9]. - The issuance of ultra-long tenor green bonds, such as the 30-year green bond by MTR Corporation, demonstrates strong investor demand for long-term debt instruments [9]. Group 5: Industry Perspectives - The collaboration between the Dubai Financial Services Authority and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority aims to enhance the sustainable debt market, reflecting growing investor confidence and the resilience of the market [10][11]. - The report emphasizes the importance of sustainable debt as a financial tool to address the climate financing gap in emerging markets, with Hong Kong positioning itself as a sustainable finance hub [10].

（原标题：专访周爱明：气候融资撬动私营资金，多边机构是"桥梁与催化剂"） 21世纪经济报道记者卢陶然、李德尚玉 北京报道 《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）进入第二周的谈判关键期，谈判方即将对 于新集体量化目标（NCQG）等资金的量化指标以及透明机制展开更深入讨论。 联合国气候变化秘书处发布的《双年透明度报告与国家温室气体清单综合报告》显示，有37个发展中国 家缔约方发布了2030年前气候行动所需的资金，总计约3.4万亿美元。同时，49个发展中国家缔约方发 布了已获得的气候资金，总计608.4亿美元。 面对发展中国家以"万亿"计的资金需求与现实到账资金规模的悬殊差距，多边开发机构能做些什么？在 支持国家NDC目标的实现、助力企业"出海"投资上，亚行又有哪些解决方案？ 围绕以上问题，近日，亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处副首席代表周爱明接受了21世纪经济报道记者的专 访。周爱明拥有20余年国际发展合作经验，从早期能源基建投资到当前的气候创新融资，曾深度参与亚 行在中国及亚太地区的多个标志性项目。 周爱明对21世纪经济报道记者介绍，从1990年代支持上海环境基础设施建设，到推动京津冀空气质量改 善 ...

Group 1: Global Climate Governance - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) will be held in Belém, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, 2025, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and the 30th anniversary of the climate conference [1] - The international climate governance landscape is challenged by setbacks in climate policies from developed countries, including the U.S. re-announcing its exit from the Paris Agreement, which undermines political consensus and funding support for global climate action [2] - The International Court has confirmed that countries have obligations to protect the climate system under international law, even if they are not party to relevant treaties, providing a positive signal for global climate governance [2] Group 2: China's Role in Climate Governance - China submitted its 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) document, committing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from peak levels by 2035 and to establish a comprehensive greenhouse gas monitoring system [3] - China's renewable energy capacity has been the largest globally for several years, with wind and solar installations accounting for over half of the global total [3] - China is promoting initiatives like the "Tropical Rainforest Sustainable Fund" and "Carbon Market Integrated Open Alliance" to provide sustainable financing channels for developing countries [3] Group 3: Climate Financing and South-South Cooperation - COP30 will focus on mobilizing $1.3 trillion annually for climate financing by 2035, reflecting the needs of developing countries, surpassing the previously set target of $300 billion [4] - China advocates for fair and win-win principles in climate financing and supports the South-South Cooperation Climate Fund to enhance the capacity of Asian, African, and Latin American countries to address climate change [4] Group 4: Adaptation and Just Transition - The conference will review 100 indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) under the Paris Agreement, addressing the significant funding gap for developing countries, which need $310 to $365 billion annually for climate risk adaptation [5] - China has accumulated experience in adaptation practices, such as sponge city construction and climate-smart agriculture, which are considered replicable models [5] Group 5: Climate and Trade Coordination - A new agenda item at COP30 will address the coordination between climate and trade, with concerns from developing countries about unilateral trade measures by developed nations, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism [7] - China calls for consensus-based solutions within a multilateral framework to oppose "green protectionism" and supports Brazil's initiative to establish a "Climate and Trade Comprehensive Forum" [7] Group 6: Conclusion on Cooperation and Action - The agenda for COP30 is complex and challenging, but China's ongoing actions and constructive role provide certainty and hope for global climate governance [8] - The emphasis is on cooperation, inclusivity, and shared responsibility to address escalating climate risks and safeguard a common future [8]

新华社巴西贝伦11月18日电（记者 吴昊 陈昊佺）《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公 约》）第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）高级别会议17日在巴西贝伦举行。《公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙 ·斯蒂尔呼吁与会代表加快在关键议题上达成共识，以确保大会取得实质成果。 斯蒂尔当日在致辞中赞赏COP30首周与会各方展现出的良好意愿。他说，会议开始7天内，各国表 态将筹集1万亿美元投资清洁能源及电网，支持一项将可持续燃料增加4倍的全球计划，激励绿色产业新 发展，并开始为新的气候适应投资作准备，这些都表明《巴黎协定》是全人类应对全球气候危机的广泛 共识。 斯蒂尔同时指出，COP30仍有大量艰巨任务，需要各方紧密合作以切实推进全球气候治理。他敦促 与会各方以更快、更公平的方式展现有效气候合作，推动实质性进展。"我看到各方有真正的决心，在 历届气候大会取得的重大进展基础上继续努力。这再次表明气候合作确实能够推动实质性进展，但必须 速度更快且更加公平。" COP30主席团17日也在记者会上介绍了当前气候谈判的总体进展与后续安排，并向公众发布一封公 开信。COP30主席多拉戈在信中表示，将争取在本周中期就气候融资等重点议题达成共识 ...

《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）进入第二周，当地时间17日，大会高级别 会议和第四次联合会议正式开幕，巴西副总统杰拉尔多·阿尔克明、联合国大会主席安娜莱娜·贝尔伯 克、《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔、COP30主席安德烈·科雷亚·多拉 戈大使等高级代表等出席。 阿尔克明呼吁各方用实际行动应对气候变化，并重申巴西推进公正的能源转型、到2030年消除非法砍伐 森林等承诺。阿尔克明表示，巴西将保持已实现的森林砍伐减少50%的成果。COP30大会主席安德烈· 科雷亚·多拉戈表示，本次大会各项谈判将加速推进，以确保在会议结束前取得实质性进展。多拉戈表 示，希望各方积极推动谈判进程，争取于19日形成第一批提案，并在21日形成第二批提案，为更积极的 决策创造有利环境。多拉戈透露，各国将重点关注气候融资、减少和停止使用化石燃料等关键领域议 题。 （文章来源：央视新闻） ...

Group 1: Climate Financing - The UN Conference on Trade and Development emphasizes the need for better climate financing support for developing countries, highlighting a significant gap between the $100 billion climate financing commitment achieved in 2022 and the $1.3 trillion target set for 2024 COP29 [2] - The report calls for systemic reforms in the international financial architecture to increase non-debt financing and improve the operations of multilateral development banks, enabling developing countries to become co-creators of rules rather than mere rule-takers [2] Group 2: Carbon Reduction Pathways - The Beijing Green Finance and Sustainable Development Research Institute released a study outlining carbon reduction pathways for six high-carbon industries from 2020 to 2060, providing a reference for financial institutions and third-party evaluations of corporate transformation plans [3] - The study suggests using a 2-degree scenario as a benchmark for assessments, aligning with China's "3060" dual carbon strategy goals, and aims to mitigate the risk of "false transformation" being included in financial support [3] Group 3: Blue Economy Financial Support - The Guangdong Province has opened a public consultation for the "Blue Industry Financial Support Guidelines," which aims to support sustainable development in marine industries, including fisheries, tourism, and marine renewable energy [4] - The guidelines provide operational principles for government, financial institutions, and enterprises, promoting standardization in blue finance and addressing challenges in identifying, quantifying, and qualifying blue economic activities [4] Group 4: Carbon Market Activity - The national carbon market reported a highest price of 62.48 yuan/ton and a closing price increase of 4.12% over the previous week, with a total trading volume of 16,774,989 tons and a total transaction value of approximately 1 billion yuan [5] - Cumulative trading volume in the national carbon market reached 795,940,642 tons with a total transaction value of approximately 53.29 billion yuan as of November 14, 2025 [5] Group 5: Green Financial Instruments - Shanghai Pudong Development Bank issued its first green financial bond of the year, totaling 20 billion yuan with a fixed interest rate of 1.73%, indicating market confidence in green financial instruments [6] - The issuance aims to provide long-term funding support for green projects, reflecting the growing recognition of green finance in the market [6] Group 6: Biodiversity Financing - The first biodiversity-linked loan in Ya'an, Sichuan Province, was issued for 478 million yuan, utilizing a combination of policy-based financial tools and market financing to meet project funding needs [7] - This loan integrates biodiversity impact assessments to monitor ecological effects, promoting a win-win scenario for ecological protection and industrial development [7]

Core Viewpoint - The COP30 conference in Brazil marks a critical juncture in global climate governance, focusing on the urgent need for a new climate financing system that is sufficient, equitable, and accessible to meet the funding gap required to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature control goals [1][2]. Climate Financing Transition - The past decade has seen developed countries fail to fulfill their annual commitment of $100 billion in climate funding, leading to a significant imbalance in funding structures, particularly in adaptation investments [2][3]. - COP30 signifies a new phase of systematic restructuring in climate financing, with discussions centered around the "Baku-Belém Climate Financing Roadmap" aimed at significantly increasing global climate funding targets [2]. Balancing Fairness and Efficiency - Key disagreements between developed and developing countries revolve around responsibility definitions, funding nature, and usage priorities [3]. - Developed nations emphasize mobilizing private capital and market mechanisms, while developing countries insist on the primary responsibility of developed nations to provide funding as per the Paris Agreement [3]. - There is a critical shortage of funds for vulnerable nations to adapt to climate change, and high-risk countries struggle to access favorable funding due to debt and credit issues [3]. Innovative Financing Approaches - A shift from "aid logic" to "investment logic" in global climate financing is emerging, characterized by three main trends [4]. - The integration of public and private sectors is becoming the dominant model, with emerging market countries leveraging sovereign funds to attract international capital [4]. - Regional cooperation mechanisms are accelerating, with initiatives led by countries in Latin America, Africa, and ASEAN to create localized financing solutions [4]. - The deep integration of market mechanisms and financial tools is evident, with initiatives like the "Global Carbon Market Alliance" aiming to standardize and enhance transparency in carbon credits [4]. China's Role in Climate Financing - As a major developing country, China advocates for multilateralism and equitable cooperation in addressing climate financing challenges [6]. - China proposes establishing a "Global South Climate Financing Coordination Mechanism" to enhance collective bargaining power among developing nations [6]. - Sharing experiences in green finance, such as green credit and bonds, can help improve project transparency and reduce financing costs for partner countries [6]. - China aims to promote market connectivity and activate carbon asset potential by aligning carbon market standards with BRICS and ASEAN countries [6]. Conclusion - Climate financing serves as a "glue" for uniting climate action consensus and a "catalyst" for accelerating green transitions, with COP30 indicating a historic evolution in the global climate financing system [7].