（原标题：COP30落幕巴西：适应资金增两倍，退出化石能源路线图落空） 21世纪经济报道记者卢陶然、李德尚玉 报道 比原定计划延期一天，巴西贝伦时间11月22日，《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会 （COP30）主席安德烈·杜拉戈敲下小木槌，宣告大会闭幕。 不过，COP30也出现了一些突发状况，正式开幕前数日便启动领导人峰会、场馆突发火灾，以及大会主 席因部分国家反对，将"退出化石能源"等两项无法纳入最终决议的路线图转为个人牵头制定。 然而，COP30总体决议中最引起争议之处在于最终文本删除了所有直接提及"化石燃料"的措辞，未能 就能源转型路线图达成一致，这也成为众多参会者心中的一大遗憾。杜拉戈对此表示，将利用未来一年 的主席职权推进这一路线图制定工作，明年4月在哥伦比亚举行首届全球终结化石燃料国际会议。 在《巴黎协定》达成十周年这一时间节点，COP30为期12天的议程里集齐共194个缔约方、2214家观察 员组织、1457家媒体，约5.6万人注册参会。 《全球动员：团结协作应对气候变化挑战》总体协议明确，到2035年每年向发展中国家提供1.3万亿美 元气候资金，确保持续推动至少每年动员3000亿美 ...

成果清单：全球穆提饶关键政治文件达成 在艰难中，COP30最终达成贝伦一揽子政治方案。贝伦一揽子政治方案批准决定包括承诺到2035年实现 三倍的适应融资，强调发达国家需要大力加强对发展中国家的气候融资等。 新京报贝壳财经讯（记者陶野）在经过通宵达旦、延时一天的马拉松式谈判后，原定于前一日闭幕的 《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）于当地时间11月22日晚上8时许，艰难落 下帷幕。 大会最终形成了以"全球穆提饶：全人类团结起来应对全球气候变化"为标志的贝伦一揽子政治成果，包 括承诺到2035年实现三倍的适应融资，强调发达国家需要大力加强对发展中国家的气候融资等。大会还 就《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》《巴黎协定》落实事项通过系列决定。不过，大会 整个过程充满了分歧与妥协。闭幕式上乌拉圭、巴拿马等多个国家明确表达了失望与不满，哥伦比亚明 确反对导致闭幕式一度休会，为COP30闭幕蒙上了一层阴影。 闭幕式现戏剧性一幕：哥伦比亚反对致休会 本次大会的核心争议点集中于化石燃料淘汰时间表、对发展中国家的资金支持以及全球适应目标等关键 议题。直至原定闭幕时间，各缔约方仍未能弥合巨大分歧。 ...

《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）进入倒计时，计划于当地时间11月21日闭 幕。 而2026年澳大利亚与土耳其博弈已久的COP31主办权尘埃落定。当地时间11月20日，澳大利亚总理阿尔 巴尼斯表示，基于一项在巴西谈成的折衷方案，土耳其将主办明年的COP31大会，而澳大利亚将主导 政府间会议的谈判。 值得注意的是，两国的博弈从COP30中也可窥见。公众环境研究中心（IPE）主任、蔚蓝地图创始人马 军接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示，今年COP30会场里中国展台处于"C位"，一进会场看到的就是 中国角，而土耳其与澳大利亚的展台布局极具戏剧性，紧邻中国角的斜对面、共用一面墙，如同"擂 台"般竞争。 马军对记者介绍，土耳其与澳大利亚两国自2022年以来便争夺COP31的主办权，按照规定，两国若不能 达成妥协，将默认由《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处（UNFCCC）总部所在的德国波恩获主办 权。 "在会场，澳大利亚的研究人士透露曾多次劝说土耳其放弃争夺COP31主办权，但土耳其的态度坚决。 澳大利亚担心，如果大会不得不回到波恩主办，未来一年将没有一位强有力的COP31主席负责推动协 商，也可能 ...

新浪财经ESG评级中心提供包括资讯、报告、培训、咨询等在内的14项ESG服务，助力上市 公司传播ESG理念，提升ESG可持续发展表现。点击查看【 ESG评级中心服务手册】 胡安·曼努埃尔·桑托斯（Juan Manuel Santos）是当代拉丁美洲最具影响力的政治人物之一。在任哥伦比 亚总统（2010—2018）期间，他推动了该国历史上最为艰巨而关键的政治进程——与拉美最古老的游击 队组织"哥伦比亚革命武装力量（FARC）"达成和平协议，并因此在2016年获得诺贝尔和平奖。 在进入政坛之前，桑托斯是一位受过严谨经济学训练的学者型政治家，曾先后在堪萨斯大学、伦敦政治 经济学院以及哈佛肯尼迪学院深造。他的思想深受经济改革理念与中间路线政治传统的影响，并在著作 《第三条道路》（La Tercera Vía）中系统阐述了自己的治国哲学——主张以务实、可持续的现代化路径 取代意识形态对立，将社会公平、经济活力与国家安全三者结合。 卸任后，他继续活跃在国际外交与环境治理舞台，着重关注全球议题，尤其在气候变化、亚马孙雨林保 护和可持续发展方面。他时常为气候行动发声，强调"人与自然的和平是人类和平的前提"。 在此次于巴西贝伦 ...

Group 1: Global Climate Governance - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) will be held in Belém, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, 2025, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and the 30th anniversary of the climate conference [1] - The international climate governance landscape is challenged by setbacks in climate policies from developed countries, including the U.S. re-announcing its exit from the Paris Agreement, which undermines political consensus and funding support for global climate action [2] - The International Court has confirmed that countries have obligations to protect the climate system under international law, even if they are not party to relevant treaties, providing a positive signal for global climate governance [2] Group 2: China's Role in Climate Governance - China submitted its 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) document, committing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7% to 10% from peak levels by 2035 and to establish a comprehensive greenhouse gas monitoring system [3] - China's renewable energy capacity has been the largest globally for several years, with wind and solar installations accounting for over half of the global total [3] - China is promoting initiatives like the "Tropical Rainforest Sustainable Fund" and "Carbon Market Integrated Open Alliance" to provide sustainable financing channels for developing countries [3] Group 3: Climate Financing and South-South Cooperation - COP30 will focus on mobilizing $1.3 trillion annually for climate financing by 2035, reflecting the needs of developing countries, surpassing the previously set target of $300 billion [4] - China advocates for fair and win-win principles in climate financing and supports the South-South Cooperation Climate Fund to enhance the capacity of Asian, African, and Latin American countries to address climate change [4] Group 4: Adaptation and Just Transition - The conference will review 100 indicators for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) under the Paris Agreement, addressing the significant funding gap for developing countries, which need $310 to $365 billion annually for climate risk adaptation [5] - China has accumulated experience in adaptation practices, such as sponge city construction and climate-smart agriculture, which are considered replicable models [5] Group 5: Climate and Trade Coordination - A new agenda item at COP30 will address the coordination between climate and trade, with concerns from developing countries about unilateral trade measures by developed nations, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism [7] - China calls for consensus-based solutions within a multilateral framework to oppose "green protectionism" and supports Brazil's initiative to establish a "Climate and Trade Comprehensive Forum" [7] Group 6: Conclusion on Cooperation and Action - The agenda for COP30 is complex and challenging, but China's ongoing actions and constructive role provide certainty and hope for global climate governance [8] - The emphasis is on cooperation, inclusivity, and shared responsibility to address escalating climate risks and safeguard a common future [8]

Core Points - The COP30 conference, taking place from November 10 to 21 in Belem, Brazil, marks a significant moment for global climate negotiations, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and focusing on delivering results rather than just negotiating rules [1][2] - The conference aims to establish more ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), fulfill funding commitments, and initiate a global carbon market, which are crucial for maintaining the 1.5°C temperature control target [1][2][3] Group 1: Conference Objectives - COP30 is seen as a pivotal moment for implementing the Paris Agreement, with a focus on delivering concrete outcomes, including the submission of 2035 NDCs and the practical establishment of climate financing goals [2][3] - The conference agenda includes the launch of a global carbon market, which is designed to facilitate cost-effective emissions reductions, contingent on fair and transparent rule design [3][4] Group 2: China's Role and Contributions - China is actively participating in COP30, emphasizing the importance of multilateralism and international cooperation in addressing climate change, and has submitted its 2035 NDC to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change [6][7] - The Chinese government has highlighted its achievements in green transformation and is committed to leading developing countries in implementing their NDCs, despite challenges posed by unilateralism and the absence of certain major players in climate negotiations [4][6][7] Group 3: Urgency and Challenges - The urgency of the climate crisis is underscored by recent reports indicating that 2025 could be one of the hottest years on record, emphasizing the need for accelerated action [6] - The conference faces challenges, including the need for deep reforms in climate financing mechanisms to meet the demands of developing countries, as current systems are inadequate [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights Africa's strategic role in the global energy transition, emphasizing the importance of key minerals such as copper, lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earths, and platinum group metals in the clean energy supply chain, with Africa being a crucial player due to its rich resources and high grades [3][5]. Group 1: Mineral Resource Development - Zimbabwe, historically known for chrome and coal, is now gaining attention for its lithium resources, with local government pushing for the upgrade of the industry chain from raw mineral exports to mandatory processing into lithium sulfate and lithium carbonate [3]. - Africa holds a central position in global energy transition mineral supply, with the Democratic Republic of Congo possessing 54.55% of global cobalt reserves, and South Africa and Zimbabwe accounting for 79.26% of platinum group metal reserves [5]. - The report indicates that despite Africa's rich resource endowment, mineral development faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, weak processing capabilities, and policy uncertainties [4][5]. Group 2: Sino-African Cooperation - There is significant complementarity between Africa's resources and China's manufacturing and green technology capabilities, which can enhance mineral cooperation and support sustainable development in Africa [5][6]. - Chinese enterprises are increasingly involved in infrastructure projects in Africa, improving mineral logistics efficiency, and a collaborative model of "resource development + infrastructure + livelihood projects" is suggested for mutual economic and social benefits [6][7]. - The shift from "resource for capital" to "industry co-construction" is noted, with examples of green practices in mining projects, such as solar-powered operations and electric mining vehicles [7][10]. Group 3: Challenges and Solutions - The need for policy continuity and a dynamic balance between resource sovereignty and investor rights is emphasized as crucial for cooperation [8]. - The concept of "zero-carbon mining" aligns with international trends, and Chinese companies are encouraged to adopt green technologies to enhance competitiveness [8][10]. - The establishment of microgrids in mining areas is proposed as a viable solution to address energy challenges, with a focus on solar, storage, and diesel solutions being more commercially feasible than large-scale power sources [9][10].

Core Viewpoint - The seminar on the China-Europe Green Governance Think Tank Cooperation Project aims to enhance collaboration and exchange between think tanks, promoting green development initiatives in both regions [1] Group 1: Seminar Objectives - The seminar focuses on strengthening think tank cooperation and communication to jointly advance green development [1] - Participants shared experiences in ecological civilization construction and land use carbon reduction [1] - The event seeks to explore new pathways for green governance and just transition [1] Group 2: Participants - Senior experts from renowned think tank institutions in China and several EU countries attended the seminar [1]

Core Viewpoint - Shanxi is attempting to transition from a coal-dependent economy to a tourism-driven model, addressing the challenges of financing, talent, and management in this transformation [1][2][3] Group 1: Transformation Challenges - The report indicates that nearly three million workers in Shanxi related to the coal industry will need to find new livelihoods, highlighting the unique advantages of transitioning to the tourism sector [2] - Coal enterprises face numerous challenges during this transition, with government support being crucial and capital serving as the core driving force [2][3] - The management model must evolve from coal to tourism, and diversified profit models should be adopted in the tourism sector [2] Group 2: Role of Talent and Innovation - Talent acquisition is identified as a critical need for the development of the tourism sector, with initiatives aimed at creating a hub for talent exchange and collaboration [2] - Educational institutions like Yungang College are committed to training talent and contributing to the transformation process through innovative research and community service [2][3] Group 3: Sustainable Development and Future Directions - The tourism industry is seen as a sustainable future for Shanxi, especially as coal resources are expected to deplete [2] - The development of rural leisure tourism and industrial heritage sites is suggested as a potential direction for future growth [2] - The transition is framed not as a question of whether to transform, but rather how and where to direct the transformation efforts [3]

Core Insights - Shanxi is attempting to transform its economy from coal dependency to a tourism-driven model, addressing the need for a sustainable future as coal resources deplete [1][2][3] - The transition involves collaboration among government, capital, and talent, focusing on a human-centered approach to development [1][2] Group 1: Transformation Challenges and Opportunities - Nearly three million workers in Shanxi's coal industry will need new livelihoods, making the transition to tourism particularly advantageous [2] - Coal enterprises face significant challenges, including the need for government support, capital as a driving force, and evolving management models [2][3] - The report highlights the importance of coal companies in transitioning from resource extraction to cultural value exploration [1][3] Group 2: Talent and Development Strategies - Talent acquisition is critical for the success of tourism development, with initiatives aimed at creating hubs for talent exchange and collaboration [2] - The focus on experiential services and immersive experiences is essential to meet tourist emotional needs and stimulate consumption [2] - Educational institutions like Yungang College aim to contribute to the transition by cultivating talent and fostering innovation [2] Group 3: Policy and Infrastructure Support - Government policies are necessary to support the integration of tourism resources, extend the tourism industry chain, and improve infrastructure [3] - The discussion emphasizes that the key question for Shanxi's coal enterprises is not whether to transition, but how and where to transition [3] - The seminar serves as a starting point for ongoing exploration and research into Shanxi's transition from coal to tourism [3]