新华财经巴西贝伦11月19日电（记者陈昊佺吴昊）《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公约》） 第三十次缔约方大会（COP30）正在巴西贝伦举行。按照会议议程，大会将在21日闭幕，但目前分歧犹 存。多方呼吁大会尽快凝聚共识，以共同应对气候变化。 《公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔当天表示，COP30已取得一系列务实的气候行动成果，国家气候 计划也正展现出覆盖全经济范围、全社会的整体性策略，这在数年前难以想象。 斯蒂尔说，但这绝非自我陶醉之时，而是砥砺前行之刻。他呼吁各方快速、公平、规模化地达成成果， 弥合承诺与落实之间的差距。"每延误一刻，代价都将极其高昂。" （文章来源：新华社） 19日，巴西总统卢拉在COP30上介绍谈判进展时表示，大会成果必须建立在"共识与广泛对话"基础上， 而不是通过强加立场获得。 卢拉指出，各国必须认识到，应对气候变化关乎保护人类共同的唯一家园——地球。发达国家必须加大 对发展中国家在应对气候变化方面的支持力度，包括资金援助、技术转移与知识分享等。 据巴西媒体报道，尽管大会临近闭幕，但与会各方在气候融资、气候变化适应方案、减排目标以及数据 标准等多个关键议题上仍存在明显分歧。 ...

央视网消息：在巴西贝伦举行的联合国气候大会已经进入关键谈判时刻，此次会议被视为全球能否把"1.5摄氏度目标"从科学共识转化为务实行动的关键节 点。而美国的缺席，也让多边合作不断受到考验。《新闻 1+1》本期关注：此次大会上，有哪些分歧和共识？能否达成落实的成果？这其中，中国又交出怎 样的中国方案？ 每个国家要上交2035年的减排自主贡献目标，当中会不会出现有人希望别人迈大步、自己迈小步，给自己留下更多的回旋余地的情况？需要遵循什么样 的原则大家才能够往前走？ 王毅：第一，就是要遵循《巴黎协定》规定。发达国家应该率先减排，提出更有力度的目标，给发展中国家留出来更多的发展空间和减排空间。第二， 要讲规律，不是一蹴而就。第三，还是要考虑各国的自主条件。 中国目前提出来的国家自主贡献目标兼具雄心跟务实。中国通过提出目标，希望能够有更明确落实的途径，并且我们要力争做更好。这是中国的决心和 逻辑，在这次会议上也受到了与会者的认同。 美国的退出带来的影响是什么？ 全球气候变化的严峻性已经不言而喻，很多人都感受到这些年极端高温频繁来袭，达成共识到落实行动在现在这个节点至关重要。现阶段推动落实面临 的难点是什么？ 国家气候变化 ...

Core Points - The European Union (EU) has reached an agreement among its member states on the greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2040, aiming for a 90% reduction, which includes 85% from internal reductions and 5% from international carbon credits [1] - The EU has submitted a new Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, targeting a reduction of net emissions by 66.25% to 72.5% from 1990 levels by 2035 [1] - In 2024, the EU and its member states will provide €31.7 billion for climate financing to developing countries, along with an additional mobilization of €11 billion in private funds to support these countries in addressing climate change [1] - The EU is committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and emphasizes its dedication to the goals of the Paris Agreement [1]

2025.11. 07 作者 | 第一财经 冯迪凡 在10日至21日于巴西北部城市贝伦召开《联合国气候变化框架公约》第30次缔约方大会（COP30） 前，一度"难产"的欧盟2040年减排目标终于出炉。 当地时间5日，欧盟理事会宣布，欧盟各成员国就修改《欧洲气候法》达成一致并形成立场文件。此 举正好令欧盟可以在6~7日于贝伦先期举办的全球气候峰会上交出成绩单。 具体而言， 欧盟设立了到2040年将温室气体净排放量下降90%的具有法律约束力的目标， 其中包 括实现85%的国内减排目标和最多5%的国际碳信用。 与此同时，欧盟还根据《巴黎协定》要求《联合国气候变化框架公约》制定了新的国家自主贡献 (NDC)目标：到2035年，欧盟的净排放量在1990年水平的基础上下降66.25%至72.5%。 今年是《巴黎协定》达成10周年，全球气候治理迎来关键节点。对外经济贸易大学法国经济研究中 心主任、巴黎索邦大学博士生导师赵永升对第一财经记者表示，特朗普政府再度退出《巴黎协定》、 拥抱化石能源，显示他本身也并不在乎上述协议，但欧洲作为最早提出应对气候变化和绿色节能的国 际力量，仍希望保持其在该领域的引导地位。 来源：欧盟委员会 ...

Core Points - The Australian government has set a 2035 emissions reduction target of 62% to 70% compared to 2005 levels [1] - Prime Minister Albanese stated that the target is scientifically based, feasible, and responsible, aligning with national interests and future generations [1] - The government will establish a Net Zero Fund of AUD 5 billion to promote industrial decarbonization and allocate AUD 2 billion to the Clean Energy Finance Corporation to lower electricity prices [1] - An additional AUD 1.1 billion will be invested to encourage the production of more clean fuels [1] - The Treasury Minister emphasized that a structured path to net zero emissions will help Australia seize opportunities in global energy transition, including job creation and investment [1] - Australia previously set a target to reduce carbon emissions by 43% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels and aims for net zero emissions by 2050 [1]

Group 1 - The core argument of the article is that the U.S. is strategically differentiating its approach towards India and China, particularly in the context of tariffs and sanctions related to Russian oil imports [1][3][19] - U.S. Vice President Vance indicated that the U.S. is not imposing similar sanctions on China as it has on India due to the high existing tariffs on China and the need for negotiation to end the trade war [5][11][12] - The economic interdependence between the U.S. and China complicates the imposition of sanctions, as both countries rely on each other for various goods and services, making such actions potentially self-damaging for the U.S. [6][10][11] Group 2 - The U.S. has recently canceled 91% of the tariffs imposed during the trade war, highlighting the economic damage both countries have suffered [7] - The U.S. agricultural sector, particularly in states like Iowa, is heavily reliant on the Chinese market for exports, indicating that any sanctions could lead to significant economic repercussions [7][8] - The U.S. is using tariffs on India as a strategic tool to pressure India into shifting its military procurement from Russia to the U.S., given India's heavy reliance on Russian arms [15][19] Group 3 - The article discusses India's response to U.S. tariffs, including efforts to settle oil transactions in rupees and plans to resell refined Russian oil to Europe, showcasing India's attempts to navigate the geopolitical landscape [21] - The U.S. is perceived to be selectively enforcing sanctions, focusing on India while ignoring larger Russian oil trade with Europe, which raises questions about the fairness of U.S. actions [21][15] - The overall dynamic reflects a broader geopolitical struggle where the U.S. seeks to balance its relationships with both India and China while managing its own economic interests [19][21]

Group 1 - The United States has officially initiated the process to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, marking a significant retreat from international climate diplomacy as it prepares for COP30 in Brazil [1][2] - COP30, scheduled for November 10-21, 2025, will assess countries' progress on climate change, particularly regarding emission reduction targets and renewable energy development [1] - The choice of Belém, Brazil as the venue for COP30 aims to highlight the importance of protecting the Amazon rainforest, which is expected to be a key discussion topic [1] Group 2 - This marks the second time the U.S. has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement, with the first withdrawal occurring in 2020 under former President Trump, followed by a rejoining in 2021 under President Biden [2] - The recent decision to withdraw has led to the dismissal of the last climate negotiator at the State Department, further solidifying a hardline stance on climate policy [2] Group 3 - Experts express concern that the U.S. absence from COP30 will have profound implications for global climate governance, potentially creating a "dangerous vacuum" that undermines trust and cooperation among nations [3] - The exit of the U.S. may weaken its credibility in climate commitments and could embolden wealthier nations to regress in their climate efforts, impacting poorer countries' confidence in global climate initiatives [3] Group 4 - In contrast to the U.S., China is demonstrating unprecedented commitment and scale in the clean energy sector, currently constructing 510 GW of utility-scale wind and solar projects, with a total installed capacity of 1,400 GW, which is five times that of the U.S. [4] - China's focus on green technology as a core component of its national economic strategy is expected to amplify its influence at COP30, positioning it as a potential leader in global climate affairs [5]

Market Insights - The US ADP employment numbers unexpectedly decreased by 33,000 in June, marking the first negative growth since March 2023, with a prior expectation of an increase of 98,000. The revised May data showed an increase of only 29,000 [1][2] - A group of billionaires from Silicon Valley has applied for a charter bank license in the US, aiming to establish a national bank focused on supporting startups in the cryptocurrency sector [1] - The UN reported that 2023 has seen some of the most extensive and destructive droughts on record, highlighting severe challenges posed by climate change and resource pressures [1] Economic Indicators - Australia's retail sales increased by 0.2% month-on-month in May, recovering from zero growth in the previous month but falling short of the market expectation of 0.5% [3] - South Korea's Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 2.2% year-on-year in June, surpassing the market expectation of 2.1% and marking a return to above 2% inflation after two months [4] Commodity Prices - COMEX gold futures rose by 0.56% to $3,368.7 per ounce, while COMEX silver futures increased by 1.08% to $36.79 per ounce [6] - Light crude oil futures for August delivery increased by $2.00 to $67.45 per barrel, a rise of 3.06%, while Brent crude oil futures for September delivery also rose by $2.00 to $69.11 per barrel, up 2.98% [6] Currency Exchange Rates - The US dollar index fell by 0.05% to 96.777, with the euro trading at 1.1800 against the dollar, up from 1.1781, and the British pound at 1.3636, down from 1.3738 [7] - The onshore Chinese yuan closed at 7.1670 against the dollar, down 52 basis points from the previous trading day [7]

Core Points - The European Commission plans to propose a greenhouse gas reduction target of 90% by 2040 compared to 1990 levels on July 2 [1] - Member states will have flexibility in achieving this target, including the use of international carbon credits [1] - Germany, France, and Poland have expressed support for this proposal, while critics warn that the use of carbon credits may undermine the EU's efforts for economic decarbonization by mid-century [1]

Core Viewpoint - Brazil's National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) decided to maintain the biodiesel blending ratio at 14% (B14), postponing the planned increase to 15% (B15) due to the need to balance energy security, environmental protection, and economic inflation [1] Group 1: Biodiesel Policy and Economic Impact - The adjustment of Brazil's biodiesel policy directly affects soybean oil prices and market demand, impacting soybean planting profitability [2] - The government aims to stabilize food prices as a priority, leading to a temporary halt of the B15 policy as a short-term measure to curb inflation [1][2] - The current inflation rate in Brazil is projected to reach 5.48% by early 2025, prompting the government to control food costs [1] Group 2: Supply Chain and Market Dynamics - Brazil's biodiesel policy is designed to ensure soybean oil demand, stimulating soybean planting and crushing industries, but it has led to a risk of 10 million tons of unsold soybeans due to reduced crushing volumes [2] - The domestic consumption of soybean oil is projected to reach 9.26 million tons, accounting for 77% of the expected production of 12 million tons in the 2024/25 season, creating a paradox of increased production without increased exports [6] - The reliance on a single market, such as India, increases export risks, and any fluctuations in India's domestic oil supply could reduce its import demand for Brazilian soybean oil [7] Group 3: Long-term Strategic Goals - Brazil's biodiesel industry has cumulatively reduced 240 million tons of CO2 over 20 years and aims to increase the blending ratio to 20% by 2030 under the Future Fuels Act [3] - The cost of biodiesel is 20%-30% higher than traditional diesel, with this premium ultimately borne by consumers, which could suppress consumption in an inflationary environment [3] - The government is encouraged to adopt a more flexible biodiesel blending policy that adjusts based on international soybean oil prices and domestic inflation rates [8] Group 4: Technological and Market Innovations - The industry is urged to accelerate the commercialization of second-generation biodiesel technologies, utilizing various waste oils and agricultural residues to reduce dependence on soybean oil [9] - Establishing a biodiesel technology innovation center through collaboration between academia and industry could enhance Brazil's competitiveness in the global biodiesel market [9] - The potential for biodiesel as a key raw material for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) presents an opportunity for Brazil to reshape its position in the global bioenergy landscape [9]