新华社马德里/布鲁塞尔8月19日电 综述｜欧洲多国山火肆虐 欧盟启动跨国援助 新华社记者黄燕 丁英华 今年以来，西班牙、葡萄牙等国山火不断，造成人员伤亡和过火面积激增，灾情日益严峻，西班牙更是 于近日首次向欧盟委员会申请援助，以应对该国史上最严重的山火危机之一。 过火面积破纪录 西班牙夏季普遍高温干燥，山火几乎年年发生，但今年尤为严重。连续数月、此起彼伏的山火已造成3 人死亡，另有一名消防员在前往救火的途中因车祸身亡。 欧洲森林火灾信息系统19日数据显示，今年以来，西班牙多地蔓延的野火已波及约38万公顷的土地，为 该系统2006年以来录得的最高纪录。 西班牙已派出3000名士兵和50架军机协助消防员工作。西班牙国防大臣玛加丽塔·罗夫莱斯对西班牙塞 尔广播电台表示，今年的火灾形势为该国二十年所未见。 在西班牙国家广播电视公司制作的一份24小时及48小时实时火点监控地图上，记者看到，表示起火点或 过火区域的红色圆圈几乎在西班牙全境不同程度地存在，在西葡两国交界处尤为密集。 另据葡萄牙自然与森林保护研究所统计，今年以来，葡萄牙发生多起野火，过火面积达20.1万公顷，已 超过去年全年。由于极端高温加剧野火风险，葡萄牙 ...

近几十年来，南极海域经历了一系列气候变化驱动的环境变迁。这些变化直接作用于海洋生态系 统，引发结构性响应。生物群落层面的反馈可能导致多样性格局变动，包括物种分布范围变化等。当 前，气候变化影响在西南极海域显著而在东南极较弱，呈现空间异质性，但其效应预计将从西南极向东 南极延展，进而引发大尺度时空范围内的南极鱼类多样性格局变化。 近日，自然资源部第三海洋研究所林龙山研究员课题组在国际期刊《多样性与分布》发表了题为 《气候变化对南极鱼类多样性的影响：基于eDNA宏条形码的环南极评估》的研究论文。该研究聚焦南 极鱼类这一重要生态类群，在国际上首次报道了亚南极鱼类分布范围南扩至南极海域的证据。这一发现 可能是气候变化影响的关键信号，预示南极海洋生态系统的长期演变趋势。 eDNA和底拖网采样站位示意图 研究团队依托中国第37次南极科学考察航次（2020年~2021年），同步采集了南极半岛周边海域、 阿蒙森海-别林斯高晋海等西南极与普里兹湾-合作海、宇航员海等东南极典型海域的鱼类生物和eDNA 样品，率先实现了环南极尺度鱼类多样性格局的eDNA宏条形码评估分析。研究揭示了阿蒙森海-别林斯 高晋海潜在鱼类多样性热点及亚南极 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the severe wildfire crisis in Spain and Portugal this year, with Spain requesting EU assistance for the first time in history due to unprecedented wildfire damage and fatalities [1][3]. Group 1: Wildfire Impact - Spain has experienced record-breaking wildfires, affecting approximately 380,000 hectares, the highest since records began in 2006, resulting in 3 deaths and additional fatalities among firefighters [2]. - Portugal has also faced significant wildfires, with over 201,000 hectares burned this year, surpassing the total for the previous year, prompting a national state of alert due to extreme heat [2]. Group 2: EU Response - Spain's government requested international aid through the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, marking the first such request since its establishment in 2001, leading to the deployment of firefighting aircraft and teams from various EU countries [3]. - Multiple countries, including France, Italy, and Germany, have provided ground technical support and firefighting equipment to assist Spain in combating the wildfires [3]. Group 3: Climate Change Factors - The article discusses the role of climate change, noting that Europe is warming at twice the global average rate since the 1980s, contributing to increased wildfire risks [5]. - The EU has reported that the total area burned across Europe this year is approximately 895,000 hectares, significantly higher than the 213,000 hectares recorded in the same period last year, with carbon emissions estimated at 31.9 million tons, nearly three times last year's figures [5].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of green development and cooperation between China and Europe in addressing climate change, highlighting mutual interests and collaboration opportunities [1][2] - The Chinese government expresses its commitment to energy transition and green low-carbon development, aligning with international climate governance frameworks such as the Paris Agreement [2] - Notable projects like Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, Greece's Thrace Wind Farm, and Germany's Düren Solar Park are cited as emblematic outcomes of China-Europe green cooperation [1] Group 2 - The Sina Finance ESG Rating Center is introduced as the first Chinese ESG professional information and rating aggregation platform, promoting sustainable development and responsible investment [3] - The center aims to enhance ESG assessment standards and ratings in China, providing innovative ESG indices for investors focused on corporate ESG performance [3] - The establishment of the China ESG Leaders Organization Forum is mentioned, which collaborates with leading ESG companies to develop a suitable ESG evaluation standard system for China [3]

Core Viewpoint - The current situation in the U.S. soybean industry is described as a "multiple disaster," with farmers facing unprecedented challenges due to trade policies, climate issues, and rising costs [1][3][5]. Trade Policy Impact - Since the trade war with China began in 2018, U.S. soybean exports to China have plummeted, with only 22.13 million tons expected in 2024 compared to China's total soybean imports of 105 million tons [1][3]. - The U.S. soybean association has highlighted that no other market can match China's demand, emphasizing the critical role of China in U.S. soybean exports [3]. Climate Challenges - Extreme weather conditions have exacerbated the difficulties faced by U.S. soybean farmers, with persistent rainfall leading to severe pest and disease issues [3][5]. - Farmers in states like Indiana and Ohio have reported significant seed losses due to flooding, forcing them to invest more in pest control [3]. Economic Pressures - The overall decline in the U.S. agricultural market, coupled with rising costs for seeds, fertilizers, and land, has created a dual pressure on farmers, making it difficult for many small farms to operate sustainably [5]. - Many farmers are reducing their investments in hopes of survival, which threatens future yield and quality, leading to a vicious cycle in the agricultural supply chain [5]. Government Response - The Trump administration's response to the crisis has been criticized as ineffective, with calls for China to resume soybean purchases lacking substantive measures to address the underlying issues [5][6]. - Reports indicate that Brazil is strengthening its agricultural cooperation with China, further jeopardizing the position of U.S. soybean farmers in the market [5]. Future Outlook - The future of U.S. agriculture, particularly for soybean farmers, is uncertain, with climate change and inadequate trade policies posing long-term challenges [6]. - There is a pressing need for practical policies and deeper international cooperation to address the agricultural crisis, which is vital for the overall economy [6].

Core Viewpoint - Climate action and economic growth are mutually reinforcing rather than opposing forces, with companies increasingly viewing environmental sustainability as a necessary risk management measure and a source of competitive advantage [4][5][6]. Group 1: Climate Action and Economic Growth - Scientific evidence supports the reality of climate change, and companies are recognizing the importance of integrating climate considerations into their core operations [4][5]. - The market acknowledges that avoiding climate change responses is the real conflict, with a significant portion of companies disclosing climate-related data through CDP [6][7]. - Companies that strategically manage climate risks can transition from risk mitigation to seizing opportunities, identifying over $16 trillion in climate-related opportunities [7]. Group 2: Industry Perspectives on Decarbonization - Industries can be categorized into three groups: those at risk of obsolescence, those in a balanced state, and those critical for survival, such as energy and agriculture [8][9]. - The energy sector is expected to undergo significant transformation, presenting substantial opportunities, while also facing challenges related to emotional resistance and financial timelines [9][10]. Group 3: Climate Data Disclosure - The evolution of climate-related data disclosure reflects a shift from data collection to strategic focus, with simplification aimed at enhancing credibility [4][10][11]. - Many companies are prepared to implement sustainability reporting directives, and there is a growing recognition of the importance of coherent data over sheer volume [11][12]. Group 4: China's Climate Action Progress - Chinese companies are increasingly participating in CDP disclosures, with a 6.3% growth in the number of companies disclosing from 2023 to 2024 [12]. - However, only 19% of Chinese companies have set climate targets, which is below the global average of 33%, indicating a need for improvement in target-setting practices [12][13]. Group 5: Future of Climate Governance - Recent fluctuations in climate action enthusiasm among some companies are viewed as temporary, reflecting deeper issues that are being addressed [14][15]. - Companies are internalizing climate risks into their core strategies, driven by investor expectations and public opinion, moving beyond mere compliance to proactive engagement [15][16]. Group 6: Support for Renewable Energy Initiatives - The recognition of China's Green Electricity Certificates (GECs) by the RE100 initiative marks a significant development, with CDP continuing to play a technical partnership role in supporting this transition [17].

Core Viewpoint - The unexpected shutdown of France's largest nuclear power plant, Gravelines, was caused by an unprecedented influx of jellyfish, specifically the "giant barrel jellyfish," which clogged the cooling system's filters, leading to the temporary shutdown of four reactors [1][2]. Group 1: Incident Overview - On August 11, the French electricity company announced that the Gravelines nuclear power plant had to temporarily shut down four of its six reactors due to a significant and unforeseen presence of jellyfish in the cooling system [1]. - The Gravelines plant has a total installed capacity of 5.4 gigawatts, accounting for approximately 6% of France's total electricity production [1]. - The incident occurred between the night of August 10 and the morning of August 11, resulting in all six reactors being offline, although no safety impact was reported [1]. Group 2: Jellyfish Invasion Context - The occurrence of such a large-scale jellyfish bloom near the Gravelines plant had never been documented before [2]. - Experts indicated that the jellyfish's swimming capabilities are insufficient to navigate around obstacles, leading to their accumulation in the cooling water intake due to ocean currents and wind [2]. - Similar incidents have been reported historically in other countries, including the U.S., Canada, Sweden, and Japan, where jellyfish invasions have led to nuclear plant shutdowns [3]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The increase in jellyfish populations is linked to human activities, such as overfishing, which reduces their natural predators, and climate change, which raises sea temperatures conducive to jellyfish proliferation [4]. - Rising sea temperatures accelerate the development of jellyfish larvae, contributing to their overpopulation, which poses threats to marine ecosystems by competing with fish for food and consuming fish eggs and larvae [4]. - Experts warn that climate change is creating new risks for critical infrastructure, as demonstrated by the Gravelines incident, highlighting the need for resilient infrastructure to withstand such ecological changes [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - The agricultural sector in Jordan, particularly in the Jordan Valley, is facing significant challenges due to climate change, including increased temperatures and reduced rainfall, which are impacting crop yields and forcing farmers to adapt their practices [1][2][3][4]. Group 1: Climate Impact on Agriculture - The Jordan Valley, known as Jordan's "basket of vegetables," is experiencing extreme heat, with temperatures potentially reaching 50 degrees Celsius, affecting the types of crops that can be grown [1][2]. - Farmers are reporting that winter temperatures have also risen, delaying planting times and requiring more care for crops due to insufficient rainfall [2]. - The frequency and intensity of heatwaves in Jordan have increased over the past decade, with 2020 recording the highest number of heatwaves since records began [2][3]. Group 2: Economic Consequences for Farmers - Many farmers are facing financial difficulties due to rising costs of fertilizers and labor, while crop prices are declining, leading to increased debt levels among farmers [2][3]. - The reduction in irrigated land due to climate impacts has forced some farmers to abandon agriculture and migrate to urban areas [2][4]. Group 3: Adaptation Strategies - The agricultural sector is implementing technical guidance for farmers, such as drip irrigation and drought-resistant crops, to mitigate the effects of climate change [4]. - However, the effectiveness of these adaptation efforts is limited without reliable international climate funding, which poses a threat to food security and rural stability [4].

Core Points - The article discusses the recent surge in cicada populations and their impact on urban life, particularly in northern cities experiencing extreme weather conditions [4][5][6] - It highlights the relationship between cicada behavior and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, which have contributed to their increased activity this summer [7][45][52] - The phenomenon is linked to broader ecological changes and climate variations, indicating a shift in species behavior and interactions with human environments [70][71][92] Group 1 - The cicada has become a prominent symbol of summer, with its presence compared to extreme heat and weather conditions [4][5] - Increased cicada noise levels are attributed to environmental changes, with estimates suggesting a 3-5 times increase in cicada populations compared to previous years [29][45] - The article notes that cicadas are sensitive to temperature and humidity, which influence their mating calls and behaviors [48][50][52] Group 2 - The cicada's life cycle and population dynamics are affected by climate change, with overlapping life cycles leading to significant population surges [28][32][70] - Urbanization and changes in green spaces, such as the planting of cicada-preferred trees, have contributed to the increased cicada presence in cities [60][62][64] - The article emphasizes the interconnectedness of human activities, climate change, and ecological systems, showcasing how these factors influence cicada behavior and urban experiences [71][93][96]

Group 1 - The core issue of wildfires in Europe this summer is attributed to climate change and extreme weather conditions, with the area burned exceeding the average levels from 2006 to 2024 by more than double [1][3] - The European Union's monitoring indicates that approximately 440,000 hectares have been affected by wildfires this year, highlighting a significant increase in wildfire activity [1][2] - Spain has reported around 150,000 hectares burned, while Romania and Portugal have also faced severe impacts, with over 120,000 hectares and 75,000 hectares affected respectively [2] Group 2 - Experts emphasize that climate change has extended drought periods and dried out vegetation, creating favorable conditions for wildfires [3] - Human activities, including arson and negligence, are significant contributors to the increase in wildfires, with careless actions by tourists and poor land management being highlighted as key factors [3] - The Mediterranean region is expected to face more extreme weather and higher wildfire risks due to rising sea and atmospheric temperatures, necessitating a comprehensive approach to disaster management [4] Group 3 - Recommendations for addressing the wildfire crisis include enhancing forestry management, creating firebreaks, and improving public education on fire safety [4] - Experts stress the importance of both immediate and long-term strategies, including upgrading firefighting equipment and international cooperation to mitigate wildfire risks [4] - The need for proactive measures, such as nighttime patrols and addressing manpower shortages, is crucial in preventing future wildfires [4]