抽水蓄能
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南网储能跌2.04%,成交额8761.04万元,主力资金净流出1505.81万元
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-11-24 03:20
Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that Nanfang Power Storage's stock has experienced fluctuations, with a recent decline of 2.04% and a year-to-date increase of 20.29% [1] - As of November 24, the company's stock price is 12.03 yuan per share, with a market capitalization of 38.448 billion yuan [1] - The company has seen a net outflow of 15.0581 million yuan in principal funds, with significant selling pressure in large orders [1] Group 2 - For the period from January to September 2025, Nanfang Power Storage achieved operating revenue of 5.32 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 17.72%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.433 billion yuan, up 37.13% year-on-year [2] - The company has distributed a total of 1.622 billion yuan in dividends since its A-share listing, with 930 million yuan distributed in the last three years [3] - The company primarily engages in pumped storage (66.22% of revenue), peak regulation hydropower (26.73%), and new energy storage (5.38%) [1]
南网储能跌2.05%,成交额1.03亿元,主力资金净流出1434.46万元
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-11-20 03:02
Core Viewpoint - The stock of Southern Power Grid Energy has experienced fluctuations, with a recent decline of 2.05% and a year-to-date increase of 28.89% [1] Group 1: Stock Performance - As of November 20, the stock price is 12.89 CNY per share, with a market capitalization of 41.197 billion CNY [1] - The stock has seen a 7.07% decline over the last five trading days, a 4.46% increase over the last 20 days, and a 27.52% increase over the last 60 days [1] - The net outflow of main funds is 14.3446 million CNY, with significant selling activity [1] Group 2: Financial Performance - For the period from January to September 2025, the company achieved operating revenue of 5.32 billion CNY, a year-on-year increase of 17.72%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.433 billion CNY, up 37.13% year-on-year [2] Group 3: Business Overview - Southern Power Grid Energy, established on December 29, 1997, focuses on pumped storage, peak regulation hydropower, and independent energy storage business development, investment, construction, and operation [1] - The revenue composition includes pumped storage (66.22%), peak regulation hydropower (26.73%), new energy storage (5.38%), and others [1] - The company is categorized under the public utility sector, specifically in electric power and comprehensive energy services [1] Group 4: Shareholder Information - As of October 20, the number of shareholders is 46,700, a decrease of 3.36%, with an average of 68,371 circulating shares per shareholder, an increase of 3.47% [2] Group 5: Dividend Information - Since its A-share listing, the company has distributed a total of 1.622 billion CNY in dividends, with 930 million CNY distributed over the past three years [3]
抽水蓄能稀缺玩家:3年真空期已过,密集投产期开启
市值风云· 2025-11-18 10:58
Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of the energy storage industry in addressing the supply-demand mismatch in electricity, particularly in the context of the rapid growth of artificial intelligence and its energy consumption needs [3]. Group 1: Energy Demand and Supply - The development of artificial intelligence is heavily reliant on electricity, with a large data center consuming approximately 100 million kWh annually, equivalent to the annual electricity usage of 30,000 households [3]. - Despite the rapid growth of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, the real challenge lies in managing the temporal and spatial discrepancies in electricity supply and demand, which underpins the logic of the energy storage industry [3]. Group 2: Energy Storage Solutions - Among various emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies, pumped hydro storage remains the most mature and economically viable option, with a competitive landscape dominated by only a few key players, namely State Grid and two companies under Southern Power Grid [4].
四川巴中:全国革命老区振兴发展示范市建设迈出新步伐
Zhong Guo Fa Zhan Wang· 2025-11-13 04:17
Core Insights - The article highlights the significant achievements of Bazhong City during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, emphasizing the city's commitment to high-quality development and the implementation of the "One City, Four Districts, Three Areas" development strategy [1][3]. Economic Development - Bazhong's GDP growth rate improved from 15th among 20 revolutionary old districts in 2020 to 2nd in 2024, with the city achieving its best position in nearly a decade [4]. - The local public budget revenue has seen a continuous growth rate for 17 months, while the industrial added value has maintained double-digit growth for 18 months, placing Bazhong in the top tier of provincial rankings [4]. Industrial Development - The city has established a modern industrial system categorized as "5+2+3," focusing on ecological industry and advanced manufacturing [6]. - Key industries include advanced materials, low-altitude economy, and clean energy projects, with significant investments in wind, solar, and hydropower [6]. Urban-Rural Integration - Bazhong has promoted urban-rural integration, enhancing the quality of life in both urban and rural areas, and has seen a 4.34 percentage point increase in urbanization rate since 2020 [8]. - The city has successfully integrated into the "two-hour economic circle" of Chengdu and Chongqing, improving transportation links significantly [8]. Reform and Innovation - The city has implemented measures to create a business-friendly environment, including the introduction of local regulations to optimize services for enterprises [9][10]. - Bazhong has initiated a systematic assessment of various resources to enhance their value and promote economic development [10]. Environmental Sustainability - Bazhong has made strides in ecological development, becoming the first prefecture-level city in Sichuan to establish a national ecological civilization demonstration zone [12]. - The city has developed a GEP accounting system, achieving an ecological system production value of 2,586.36 billion yuan in 2023 [12]. Social Welfare - The city has focused on improving the quality of life for its residents, allocating over 70% of new financial resources to social welfare projects [13]. - Initiatives in education and healthcare have been prioritized, including the establishment of a cloud-based education platform and improved access to medical services [13][14].
宏观金融类:文字早评2025/11/13星期四-20251113
Wu Kuang Qi Huo· 2025-11-13 01:10
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - For the stock index, after a continuous rise, the hot sectors are rotating rapidly, with technology growth remaining the market's main line. Policy support for the capital market remains unchanged, and the medium - to long - term strategy is mainly to go long on dips [4]. - For treasury bonds, in the fourth quarter, the supply - demand pattern of the bond market may improve. The market is likely to remain volatile under the background of weak domestic demand recovery and improved inflation expectations, and the bond market is expected to recover in a volatile manner [6]. - For precious metals, in the early stage of the Fed's easing cycle, it is recommended to go long on silver on dips. The gold - silver ratio still has room for further downward repair [7]. - For non - ferrous metals, copper prices are expected to be volatile and slightly stronger in the short term; aluminum prices may rise further; zinc prices are short - term strong but with limited upside in the surplus cycle; lead prices are expected to be strong; nickel prices are recommended to be observed in the short term; tin prices are expected to be strong and volatile; lithium carbonate is in high - level oscillation; alumina is recommended to be observed; stainless steel prices are expected to remain weak; casting aluminum alloy prices are expected to follow aluminum prices [10][12][14][17][18][21][22][24][26][28]. - For black building materials, steel prices are expected to be weak and volatile in the short term but may recover in the future; iron ore prices are expected to be weak in the short term; glass prices are expected to be weak; soda ash prices are expected to be volatile; for manganese silicon and ferrosilicon, the short - term negative impact is a phased release, and it is more cost - effective to look for rebound opportunities; for industrial silicon and polysilicon, industrial silicon prices are expected to be in consolidation, and polysilicon supply - demand may improve marginally [31][33][35][37][39][43][45]. - For energy and chemicals, for rubber, a neutral approach is recommended for short - term trading; for crude oil, a low - buying and high - selling strategy is maintained, and short - term observation is recommended; for methanol, it is recommended to observe; for urea, it is recommended to observe; for pure benzene and styrene, styrene prices may stop falling; for PVC, it is recommended to short on rallies; for ethylene glycol, it is recommended to short on rallies; for PTA, pay attention to the opportunity of PXN rising to drive PTA up; for p - xylene, pay attention to the mid - term valuation increase opportunity; for polyethylene, prices are expected to be in low - level oscillation; for polypropylene, prices may be supported in the first quarter of next year [50][52][53][54][57][59][61][63][65][68][70]. - For agricultural products, for live pigs, the first strategy is to do reverse spreads, and then wait to short on rallies; for eggs, prices are expected to be strong in the short term; for soybean and rapeseed meal, short - term follow - up with import cost increases, and mid - term short on rallies; for oils and fats, take a volatile view and turn to a long - term view if there are signs of production decline; for sugar, wait to short after the rebound weakens; for cotton, prices are expected to be in oscillation [73][76][78][81][83][86]. 3. Summaries According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Macro - financial Category 3.1.1 Stock Index - **Market Information**: The National Energy Administration explores the construction of new water - wind - solar integration bases; the China Photovoltaic Industry Association refutes rumors; Haibo Sichuang signs a cooperation agreement with CATL; Morgan Stanley raises the target prices of Samsung and SK Hynix and predicts a rise in DRAM and NAND prices [2]. - **Strategy**: The market's main line is technology growth. The medium - to long - term strategy is to go long on dips [4]. 3.1.2 Treasury Bonds - **Market Information**: On Wednesday, the main contracts of TL, T, TF, and TS had different changes. The Fed has a growing divergence on December rate cuts, and the US - EU trade tension affects European enterprises. The central bank conducted 1955 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 1300 billion yuan [5]. - **Strategy**: The bond market is expected to recover in a volatile manner in the fourth quarter [6]. 3.1.3 Precious Metals - **Market Information**: Shanghai gold and silver prices rose. The retirement of the Atlanta Fed President may bring a dovish tendency. The US government is likely to reopen, which is positive for precious metals [7]. - **Strategy**: Go long on silver on dips, and the gold - silver ratio has room for downward repair [7]. 3.2 Non - ferrous Metals Category 3.2.1 Copper - **Market Information**: Copper prices rose slightly. LME copper inventory was flat, and domestic warehouse receipts increased. The spot import was at a loss, and the refined - scrap price difference declined [9]. - **Strategy**: Copper prices are expected to be volatile and slightly stronger in the short term [10]. 3.2.2 Aluminum - **Market Information**: Aluminum prices were strong but pulled back. The weighted contract positions increased, and the warehouse receipts decreased slightly. Domestic inventories increased slightly, and the spot was at a discount [11]. - **Strategy**: Aluminum prices may rise further [12]. 3.2.3 Zinc - **Market Information**: Zinc prices rose slightly. The domestic social inventory decreased slightly, and the LME inventory and registered warehouse receipts increased slightly [13]. - **Strategy**: Zinc prices are short - term strong but with limited upside in the surplus cycle [14]. 3.2.4 Lead - **Market Information**: Lead prices rose. The domestic social inventory increased slightly, and the LME inventory decreased continuously [16]. - **Strategy**: Lead prices are expected to be strong in the short term [17]. 3.2.5 Nickel - **Market Information**: Nickel prices fell. The spot premium was stable, the nickel ore price was stable, and the nickel iron price fell [18]. - **Strategy**: Observe in the short term, and consider going long if the price drops enough [18]. 3.2.6 Tin - **Market Information**: Tin prices rose. The warehouse receipts decreased, the tin concentrate price rose, and the smelting plant's operating rate rebounded but remained low due to raw material shortages [19]. - **Strategy**: Tin prices are expected to be strong and volatile, and it is recommended to go long on dips [21]. 3.2.7 Lithium Carbonate - **Market Information**: Lithium carbonate prices were in high - level oscillation. The spot index declined slightly, and the futures contract price rose slightly [22]. - **Strategy**: Pay attention to the high - level selling pressure, and focus on December's lithium - battery material production and the equity market atmosphere [22]. 3.2.8 Alumina - **Market Information**: Alumina prices rose slightly. The positions increased, the basis was at a discount, and the overseas price was stable. The futures warehouse receipts were unchanged [23]. - **Strategy**: Observe in the short term, and focus on supply - side policies and other factors [24]. 3.2.9 Stainless Steel - **Market Information**: Stainless steel prices fell. The positions increased, the spot price decreased slightly, and the inventory decreased slightly [25][26]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to remain weak in the short term [26]. 3.2.10 Casting Aluminum Alloy - **Market Information**: Casting aluminum alloy prices rose. The positions increased, the trading volume increased, and the warehouse receipts decreased slightly [27]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to follow aluminum prices [28]. 3.3 Black Building Materials Category 3.3.1 Steel - **Market Information**: Rebar and hot - rolled coil prices rose slightly. The registered warehouse receipts decreased, and the positions decreased [30]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to be weak and volatile in the short term but may recover in the future [31]. 3.3.2 Iron Ore - **Market Information**: Iron ore prices rose. The positions decreased, and the spot price rose. The Simandou iron ore project was put into production [32]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to be weak in the short term, and pay attention to the support at 750 - 760 yuan/ton [33]. 3.3.3 Glass and Soda Ash - **Market Information**: Glass prices fell, and the inventory decreased; soda ash prices fell, and the inventory increased [34][36]. - **Strategy**: Glass prices are expected to be weak; soda ash prices are expected to be volatile [35][37]. 3.3.4 Manganese Silicon and Ferrosilicon - **Market Information**: Manganese silicon prices fell slightly, and ferrosilicon prices rose slightly. Both are in the oscillation range [38]. - **Strategy**: The short - term negative impact is a phased release, and it is more cost - effective to look for rebound opportunities [39]. 3.3.5 Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon - **Market Information**: Industrial silicon prices rose slightly, and polysilicon prices rose. Industrial silicon production increased, and polysilicon production decreased in November [42][44]. - **Strategy**: Industrial silicon prices are expected to be in consolidation; polysilicon supply - demand may improve marginally [43][45]. 3.4 Energy and Chemicals Category 3.4.1 Rubber - **Market Information**: Rubber prices rebounded. The 11 - month warehouse receipts are about to expire, and there are different views on the market [47][48]. - **Strategy**: Adopt a neutral approach for short - term trading, and partially build positions for the RU2601 - RU2609 spread [50]. 3.4.2 Crude Oil - **Market Information**: Crude oil and related refined product prices rose [51]. - **Strategy**: Maintain a low - buying and high - selling strategy, and observe in the short term [52]. 3.4.3 Methanol - **Market Information**: Methanol prices rose. The supply pressure increased, and the demand decreased [53]. - **Strategy**: Observe [53]. 3.4.4 Urea - **Market Information**: Urea prices rose. The supply increased, and the demand was weak [54]. - **Strategy**: Observe [54]. 3.4.5 Pure Benzene and Styrene - **Market Information**: Pure benzene prices were stable, and styrene prices were mixed. The supply pressure increased, and the demand decreased [55]. - **Strategy**: Styrene prices may stop falling [57]. 3.4.6 PVC - **Market Information**: PVC prices rose. The cost was stable, the supply increased, and the demand decreased [58]. - **Strategy**: Short on rallies [59]. 3.4.7 Ethylene Glycol - **Market Information**: Ethylene glycol prices rose. The supply decreased slightly, the demand decreased slightly, and the inventory increased [60]. - **Strategy**: Short on rallies [61]. 3.4.8 PTA - **Market Information**: PTA prices rose. The supply decreased slightly, the demand decreased slightly, and the inventory increased [62]. - **Strategy**: Pay attention to the opportunity of PXN rising to drive PTA up [63]. 3.4.9 p - Xylene - **Market Information**: p - Xylene prices rose. The supply increased, the demand decreased, and the inventory increased [64]. - **Strategy**: Pay attention to the mid - term valuation increase opportunity [65]. 3.4.10 Polyethylene - **Market Information**: Polyethylene prices rose. The supply was stable, the demand decreased slightly, and the inventory decreased [66][67]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to be in low - level oscillation [68]. 3.4.11 Polypropylene - **Market Information**: Polypropylene prices rose. The supply was stable, the demand increased slightly, and the inventory increased [69]. - **Strategy**: Prices may be supported in the first quarter of next year [70]. 3.5 Agricultural Products Category 3.5.1 Live Pigs - **Market Information**: Pig prices fell. The demand was weak, and the supply was high [72]. - **Strategy**: First, do reverse spreads, and then wait to short on rallies [73][74]. 3.5.2 Eggs - **Market Information**: Egg prices were stable with slight declines. The supply was stable, and the demand was average [75]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to be strong in the short term [76]. 3.5.3 Soybean and Rapeseed Meal - **Market Information**: CBOT soybeans rose slightly. Domestic soybean inventory increased, and the meal price was stable [77]. - **Strategy**: Short - term follow - up with import cost increases, and mid - term short on rallies [78]. 3.5.4 Oils and Fats - **Market Information**: Palm oil prices were mixed. The production increased, and the export decreased; rapeseed production was stable [79][80]. - **Strategy**: Take a volatile view and turn to a long - term view if there are signs of production decline [81]. 3.5.5 Sugar - **Market Information**: Sugar prices were in oscillation. Brazilian sugar production increased, and the global supply surplus was revised down [82]. - **Strategy**: Wait to short after the rebound weakens [83]. 3.5.6 Cotton - **Market Information**: Cotton prices were in oscillation. The downstream demand was weak, and the domestic production was high [84][85]. - **Strategy**: Prices are expected to be in oscillation [86].
刚刚 新能源利好消息来了!
Zhong Guo Ji Jin Bao· 2025-11-12 14:09
1.到2030年,集成融合发展成为新能源发展的重要方式,新能源可靠替代水平明显增强,市场竞争力显著提升,有力支撑经济社会发展全面绿色转型,为 加快中国式现代化建设提供更加安全可靠的绿色能源保障。 2.强化新能源开发空间集约复合利用。加强"沙戈荒"、水风光等新能源大基地集约化选址,引导各类集中式新能源项目开展风光同场建设,实现场区空 间、输变电设施、调节能力等集约共用。 大家好,盘后又来利好了。 11月12日下午,国家能源局发布《关于促进新能源集成融合发展的指导意见》。 其中有以下这些重点内容: 3.探索建设以抽水蓄能、新型储能等为调节电源,带动周边风光大规模高质量开发的新型水风光一体化基地。 4.有序推动风电、光伏发电项目改造升级,提升土地利用效率。 5.鼓励矿区依托闲置土地、塌陷区等资源,发展光伏、风电等新能源。 6.推进海上风电集群化开发,集约化布置送出海缆廊道和登陆点,鼓励共享送出通道。 7.鼓励在高速公路服务区、公路边坡及站场、铁路站场、机场、港口等交通场所建设新能源与周边用能一体化设施。 8.推进建筑光伏一体化发展,推动光伏系统与建筑同步规划设计、同步施工,推进建筑低碳用能和清洁供热,建设"光储直柔 ...
国家能源局:优化“沙戈荒”储能比例,探索新能源集成融合项目纳入容量补偿
中关村储能产业技术联盟· 2025-11-12 08:17
Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of integrated and collaborative development in the renewable energy sector, aiming for significant improvements in reliability and market competitiveness by 2030, which will support a comprehensive green transition in the economy and society [6][7]. Group 1: Overall Requirements - The guidance is aligned with Xi Jinping's thoughts and aims to implement the new development philosophy, focusing on system integration and one-time development to enhance the reliability and stability of energy supply [7]. - By 2030, integrated development will become a key approach in renewable energy, significantly enhancing its reliability and market competitiveness [7]. Group 2: Accelerating Multi-Dimensional Integrated Development - The article calls for optimizing the power structure and energy storage configuration of renewable energy bases, encouraging the use of thermal power and new storage technologies to enhance collaboration between renewable and coal power [9]. - It supports the establishment of 100% renewable energy bases in suitable regions and promotes the integrated development of water, wind, and solar energy [9][10]. Group 3: Promoting Integrated Operation of Renewable Energy - Continuous improvement in the accuracy of renewable energy power forecasting and the adoption of advanced grid technologies are encouraged to enhance the controllability of renewable energy [12]. - The article advocates for the integration of renewable energy with energy storage systems and the exploration of substantial joint operations with other power sources to improve market competitiveness [12]. Group 4: Promoting Synergistic Development with Multiple Industries - The guidance suggests enhancing the green manufacturing capabilities of the renewable energy industry and promoting the integration of renewable energy with traditional industries to optimize energy consumption and reduce costs [13][14]. - It encourages the development of new energy industries, such as green hydrogen and ammonia, in resource-rich areas, promoting the establishment of comprehensive industrial bases [16]. Group 5: Strengthening Organizational Support - The article emphasizes the need for coordinated project construction and management, encouraging local energy authorities to enhance collaboration and ensure the smooth execution of renewable energy projects [19]. - It also highlights the importance of optimizing investment and development management processes for renewable energy integration projects [20].
国家能源局:探索建设以抽水蓄能、新型储能等为调节电源 带动周边风光大规模高质量开发的新型水风光一体化基地
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-11-12 07:13
每经AI快讯,11月12日,国家能源局发布关于促进新能源集成融合发展的指导意见。其中提到,提升 新能源多品种互补开发水平。优化"沙戈荒"新能源基地电源结构和储能配置比例,因地制宜建设光热发 电等调节性电源,合理控制新建基地煤电装机需求,鼓励以熔盐储热耦合调峰、就地制绿氨掺烧等方 式,提高新能源与煤电深度协同水平,提升基地绿电电量占比;支持有条件地区充分发挥光热、抽水蓄 能和新型储能等的支撑调节作用,探索打造100%新能源基地。发挥水电转动惯量大、启停快速和调节 精准特性,积极推进主要流域水风光一体化开发。探索建设以抽水蓄能、新型储能等为调节电源,带动 周边风光大规模高质量开发的新型水风光一体化基地。结合地区资源禀赋条件和系统调节支撑需求,推 进省内集中式新能源项目风光气储等互补开发。 ...
国家能源局:探索建设以抽水蓄能、新型储能等为调节电源,带动周边风光大规模高质量开发的新型水风光一体化基地
Zheng Quan Shi Bao Wang· 2025-11-12 07:13
Core Viewpoint - The National Energy Administration has released guidelines to promote the integrated development of renewable energy, emphasizing the enhancement of multi-type complementary development of renewable energy sources [1] Group 1: Renewable Energy Development - The guidelines propose optimizing the power structure and energy storage configuration of "Shage Desert" renewable energy bases, encouraging the construction of thermal power generation and other regulatory power sources based on local conditions [1] - There is a focus on rationally controlling the demand for new coal power installations at these bases and promoting deep collaboration between renewable energy and coal power [1] - The guidelines support regions with conditions to fully utilize solar thermal, pumped storage, and new energy storage to explore the creation of 100% renewable energy bases [1] Group 2: Hydropower and Integrated Development - The guidelines highlight the significant inertia and rapid start-stop characteristics of hydropower, advocating for the integrated development of water, wind, and solar energy in major river basins [1] - There is an exploration of building new types of water-wind-solar integrated bases that utilize pumped storage and new energy storage as regulatory power sources to drive large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar energy in surrounding areas [1] - The guidelines emphasize the need to advance the complementary development of wind, solar, and gas storage projects based on regional resource endowments and system regulation support requirements [1]
南网储能(600995):充分受益于“电改”的储能龙头
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-11-09 10:28
Core Viewpoint - The company is expected to benefit significantly from the upcoming electricity market reforms starting in 2026, which will allow electricity prices to more accurately reflect supply and demand dynamics, potentially increasing the profitability of adjustable resources like pumped storage and new energy storage [1] Group 1: Market Dynamics - The introduction of a two-part electricity pricing mechanism under document "633" will impact the profitability of pumped storage, with the net present value (NPV) of projects closely tied to capacity prices [2] - For projects with a unit cost of 6.5 yuan/watt, if the capacity price is below 500 yuan/kilowatt-hour, the project's DCF value is negative; at 550 yuan/kilowatt-hour, the NPV ranges from 1.2 to 1.8 yuan/watt, translating to a value of 15-22 billion yuan for a typical 1.2 million kilowatt project [2] Group 2: Capacity and Growth Projections - The company has 10.8 million kilowatts of pumped storage capacity under construction, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23% for the period 2025-2029 [3] - The company has significant potential for additional pumped storage projects, with at least 25.8 million kilowatts still in the early stages of development [3] Group 3: Valuation and Profitability - The company's total valuation for all hydropower stations is estimated between 38 billion to 64.5 billion yuan, with specific valuations of 18-20 billion yuan for existing pumped storage and 13.6-38 billion yuan for projects under construction [4] - The company has revised its net profit forecasts for 2025-2027 upwards by 10%, 11%, and 13% respectively, reflecting a recovery in the utilization hours of peak-shaving hydropower [5]