广发证券首席经济学家 郭磊 guolei@gf.com.cn 摘要 第一， 2025年6月BCI读数为49.3，较前值下行1.0个点。这与前期出来的EPMI数据在指向上一致。6月经济继续确认边际放缓迹象。 第二， 销售和利润前瞻指数同步回落，环比分别下行2.7、2.9个点。我们估计可能和需求端一系列边际变化有关：一是房地产在经历放缓脉冲，6月前28天30城 成交同比为-17.8%；二是从港口集装箱吞吐量和EPMI的6月出口订货指标来看，外需存在放缓特征，可能和海外进口商利用关税平静期补库需求已集中释放有 关；三是"国补"换档、第三批资金待下达期间，家电3C产品等终端销售不排除存在短期扰动。 第三， 企业库存前瞻指数环比上行1.5个点。在销售和利润下降的条件下，逻辑上企业不会主动补库；所以库存上升属于需求放缓带来的被动补库。实际上5月规 上工业企业数据就已经显现出类似特征，在报告《5月企业盈利增速出现调整的原因》中，我们指出"价格回落下拉名义库存；但需求弱于供给、产销率下降导致实 际库存有一定程度的被动上升"。 第四， 企业投资和招工前瞻指数一上一下，投资小幅上行0.1个点，招工下行1.4个点。我们理解投资存在 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles is that the Chinese government is intensifying policies to boost consumption, as evidenced by the recent guidance from six departments aimed at stimulating and expanding consumer spending [1] - In the first five months of the year, retail sales of consumer goods increased by 5% year-on-year, with May seeing a notable growth of 6.4%, marking the highest monthly growth rate in 2024 [1] - The acceleration in consumption growth is primarily attributed to the "trade-in" policy, which has significantly boosted sales in furniture, communications, and home appliances, all showing growth rates exceeding 20% [1] Group 2 - Experts suggest that to further support consumption growth, it is essential to understand the underlying factors driving consumer behavior, which include GDP growth, primary and secondary distribution, and consumption propensity [1] - The most significant factor influencing consumer growth is GDP growth, while the effects of consumption propensity and distribution are comparatively less impactful [1] - Short-term policies should focus on utilizing counter-cyclical measures to enhance residents' income and expectations, thereby expanding consumption effectively [1] Group 3 - Recommendations for immediate policy actions include pilot programs to encourage childbirth, urban area development, and housing support for migrant workers, which could enhance the consumption propensity of certain demographics [2] - Long-term strategies to boost consumption involve improving social welfare and security levels, which are crucial for increasing consumption propensity over time [2] - Industrial policies aimed at unleashing the potential of the service sector are also highlighted as essential for increasing overall income growth and improving primary distribution, thereby supporting future consumption growth [2]

Market Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index fell by 0.4%, the CSI 300 decreased by 0.5%, the STAR Market 50 dropped by 1.5%, the CSI 1000 declined by 0.9%, the ChiNext Index decreased by 1.2%, and the Hang Seng Index fell by 0.1% [3][4] - The best-performing sectors on that day were Beauty Care (+1.1%), Banking (+0.5%), Pharmaceutical and Biological (+0.3%), Transportation (+0.2%), and Media (+0.2%). The worst-performing sectors were Defense and Military (-2.0%), Computer (-1.9%), Electronics (-1.7%), Communication (-1.4%), and Non-Bank Financials (-1.1%) [3][4] - The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets was 1,415.3 billion yuan, with a net inflow of 7.59 billion Hong Kong dollars from southbound funds [3][4] Important Insights Inflation and Economic Policy - In May, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) year-on-year growth was -0.1%, consistent with the previous value and better than market expectations of -0.2%. The month-on-month growth was -0.2%, influenced mainly by falling energy prices [5] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) year-on-year growth recorded -3.3%, slightly below market expectations of -3.2%, with a month-on-month decline of 0.4% due to falling prices of internationally priced bulk commodities [5] Trade Dynamics - In May, China's exports to the United States decreased by 33.6%, primarily due to the high average tariff levels maintained until mid-May when tariffs were officially lowered following negotiations [6] - The market outlook for trade with the U.S. remains pessimistic, but there is potential for a rebound in exports to the U.S. [6]

Group 1: Inflation Data - Core CPI continues to rise, indicating steady internal demand recovery, with a year-on-year increase of 0.6% in May, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month[7] - Overall CPI in May decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, with energy prices dropping by 6.1%, a decline that expanded by 1.3 percentage points compared to the previous month[7] - Non-food CPI remained stable year-on-year, reflecting a steady performance in consumer prices[7] Group 2: Trade Data - In May, China's exports amounted to $316.1 billion, showing a year-on-year growth of 4.8%, which was below the market expectation of 6.2% and the previous month's 8.1%[14] - Exports to the U.S. fell by 34.5% in May, a decline that widened by 13.5 percentage points from the previous month, despite expectations of recovery due to tariff reductions[14][15] - Exports to Japan and ASEAN countries grew by 6.2% and 14.8% respectively, indicating relative stability in trade with other regions[14] Group 3: Economic Outlook - Signs of weakening consumer momentum are evident, with some policy-supported categories showing price stagnation or decline[6][8] - High inventory levels among U.S. wholesalers and retailers suggest a lack of urgency to replenish stock, impacting China's export dynamics[15] - The need for counter-cyclical policies is emphasized to stabilize expectations and ensure steady economic performance amid external uncertainties[29]

Economic Confidence Index - The economic confidence index for June is reported at 50.50, indicating a return above the neutral line of 50 [1][4][27] Economic Predictions for May - The average prediction for the CPI year-on-year growth in May is -0.13%, while the PPI is predicted to be -3.06% [2][10] - The predicted year-on-year growth for social retail sales in May is 4.85%, down from 5.1% in April [12] - The predicted year-on-year growth for industrial added value in May is 5.85%, lower than the previous month's 6.1% [13] - The predicted year-on-year growth for fixed asset investment in May is 3.96%, slightly lower than the previous month's 4% [14] - The predicted year-on-year growth for real estate development investment in May is -10.21% [16] - The predicted trade surplus for May is $971.38 billion, with exports expected to grow by 4.97% and imports declining by -0.61% [17] Monetary Policy and Financial Data - Economists expect the monetary policy to remain accommodative, with little change anticipated in reserve requirements and interest rates in June [21] - The average prediction for new loans in May is 9704.55 billion yuan, a significant increase from the previous month's 2800 billion yuan [18] - The predicted total social financing for May is 2.34 trillion yuan, higher than the previous month's 1.16 trillion yuan [19] - The predicted M2 year-on-year growth for May is 8.08%, up from 8% in April [20] Exchange Rate and Foreign Reserves - The predicted exchange rate for the RMB against the USD at the end of June is 7.17, with an expected average of 7.13 by the end of the year [22] - The forecast for foreign exchange reserves at the end of May is $32,911.89 billion, with an expected increase to $32,917 billion by the end of the month [23] Policy Outlook - Future macroeconomic policies are expected to maintain a steady and proactive approach, focusing on structural tools to support key sectors like AI and green technology [24][26] - The government is anticipated to accelerate the implementation of existing policies and introduce new measures to stimulate consumption and investment [29][31]

Group 1: Macro Strategy and Market Overview - The report highlights the uncertainty surrounding Trump's tariff policies, with a recent increase in steel and aluminum tariffs to 50% and a temporary suspension of a previous court ruling against these tariffs, leading to increased uncertainty in trade negotiations [1][16] - In the A-share market, major indices rebounded significantly in May, with the ChiNext and Shenzhen Composite Index rising by 2.32% and 2.94% respectively, driven by a series of stabilizing measures [1][18] - The report notes that the central bank injected 599.8 billion yuan into the market in May, indicating a proactive monetary policy stance amid concerns over liquidity due to accelerated government bond issuance [1][18] Group 2: Fixed Income Market Insights - The fixed income market is experiencing a volatile environment, with a balanced tug-of-war between bulls and bears, and the potential for trading opportunities arising from adjustments in interest rates [3] - Economic data indicates a mismatch in expectations, particularly with external demand showing resilience but not fully compensating for insufficient domestic demand recovery [3] - The central bank's recent actions, including rate cuts, suggest limited room for further easing in the short term, with market dynamics heavily influenced by the ongoing U.S.-China tariff negotiations and economic fundamentals [3] Group 3: Company-Specific Insights - EHang Intelligent (EH) - EHang reported a revenue of 26.1 million yuan in Q1 2025, down from 61.7 million yuan in the same period last year, with a gross margin of 62.4% [8][21] - The company has received operational certification for its EH216-S model, allowing it to expand its commercial operations gradually, including transitioning from isolated airspace to integrated airspace [8][21] - EHang plans to double its production capacity at its Yunfu facility to 1,000 units by the end of 2025, supported by strategic partnerships for a new eVTOL production base [8][22] Group 4: Company-Specific Insights - Bluko Group - Bluko Group, a leading domestic model toy company, achieved a GMV of 1.8 billion yuan in 2023, marking a year-on-year growth of over 170% [4][24] - The company is recognized for its high cost-performance ratio and strong IP recognition, with a projected sales volume of 135 million units for its building block toys in 2024 [6][25] - Bluko's integrated design, production, and R&D system, along with its collaboration with leading third-party manufacturers, has resulted in a gross margin of 52.6% and a high precision in mold production [6][25] Group 5: Company-Specific Insights - Pinduoduo (PDD) - Pinduoduo reported a 10% year-on-year increase in revenue to 95.7 billion yuan in Q1 2025, but its adjusted net profit decreased by 45% to 16.9 billion yuan [9][12] - The company faces intense competition and has increased investments, which may pressure profit margins, necessitating further subsidies to maintain price advantages [9][12] - Despite short-term challenges, Pinduoduo is expected to maintain long-term competitiveness, particularly with its TEMU platform's growth potential in the global e-commerce market [9][12]

Domestic Policy News - The General Secretary emphasized accelerating the construction of an education powerhouse, highlighting the importance of education for national strength and rejuvenation [9][10] - Premier Li Qiang attended the ASEAN-China-GCC summit, focusing on regional economic cooperation amidst global challenges [11][12] - The People's Bank of China introduced a new management method for cybersecurity incidents in its business areas [20] Equity Market Analysis - In May, the A-share market rebounded significantly, with the ChiNext and Shenzhen Composite Index rising by 2.32% and 2.94% respectively, driven by a series of stabilizing measures [21][22] - The MSCI China A-share Index increased by 1.6% in May, reflecting positive market sentiment [21] - Southbound capital maintained a net inflow of 41.992 billion yuan in May, indicating strong investor interest [21] Fixed Income Market Analysis - The central bank net injected 599.8 billion yuan in May, responding to liquidity pressures from accelerated government bond issuance [46][47] - The 10-year government bond yield fluctuated around 1.68%, reflecting stable market conditions despite external uncertainties [46] Commodity Market Analysis - The non-ferrous metals market showed signs of recovery, while crude oil prices rebounded from recent lows [23] - Agricultural products, particularly pork, continued to experience weak fluctuations, indicating ongoing market challenges [23] Policy Impact Analysis - The adjustment of the CSI 300 index sample reflects a shift towards emerging sectors, enhancing market representation [22] - The manufacturing PMI for May was reported at 49.5%, indicating a need for further counter-cyclical policy measures to support economic stability [23][24]

Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI for May 2025 is reported at 49.5%, a significant increase of 0.5 percentage points from the previous month, aligning with market expectations[2][4] - The production index rose to 50.7%, up 0.9 percentage points from last month, indicating a recovery in production activities[5][14] - New orders index increased to 49.8%, up 0.6 percentage points, reflecting improved demand conditions[5][14] - High-energy industries continue to decline, with the PMI dropping to 47.0%, down 0.7 percentage points, indicating ongoing challenges in these sectors[6] External Trade - The new export orders index rose to 47.5%, a significant increase of 2.8 percentage points, indicating a recovery in export activities following tariff reductions[21] - The import index increased to 47.1%, up 3.7 percentage points, suggesting improved import conditions[21] Service Sector - The service sector PMI increased slightly to 50.2%, up 0.1 percentage points, remaining in the expansion zone, driven by increased tourism and hospitality activities during the May Day holiday[31] Construction Sector - The construction PMI is at 51.0%, down 0.9 percentage points, indicating a slowdown in expansion primarily due to weakened housing demand, although infrastructure projects are accelerating[35] - Special bond issuance has increased significantly, with 443.2 billion yuan issued in May, up from 230.1 billion yuan in April, supporting investment in infrastructure[35]

证券研究报告 | 2025年05月27日 杭州银行（600926.SH） 转债触发强赎，高成长优质行将迎价值重估 评论：夯实资本，优质高成长银行 截止 2025 年一季度末，公司核心一级资本充足率 9.01%，杭银转债未转股余额为 106.37 亿元。据此测算 未转股余额完成转股后可提振核心一级资本充足率 0.83 个百分点，资本进一步夯实，规模高增有望延续。 公司信贷延续高成长，资产质量优质，拨备覆盖率排在上市银行首位。2025 年一季度营收同比增长 2.22%，较 2024 年增速下降了 7.4 个百分点；实现归母净利润同比增长 17.3%，较 2024 年增速下降了 0.8 个百分点。营收 增速下降主要受其他非息收入同比下降拖累，一季度净利息收入同比增长了 6.8%。信贷延续了高增态势，期末 总资产 2.22 万亿元，贷款总额 1.00 万亿元，存款总额为 1.35 万亿元，较年初分别增长 5.2、6.2%和 6.0%。其 中，对公贷款（不含贴现）较年初增长了 11.7%，大零售贷款较年初下降了 1.3%，期末零售贷款占贷款总额的 30.3%。 期末不良率 0.76%，与年初持平，处在上市银行前列；关注 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential for the upward limit of equity assets to be opened further through three emerging clues: government investment acceleration, supply-demand relationship management, and improvements in US-China trade relations. Group 1: Government Investment - Government investment is expected to accelerate following the issuance of special bonds and project implementation, with significant activity anticipated in May. The issuance of special bonds began on April 24, and the acceleration of project implementation is expected to lead to increased construction activity, particularly in urban renewal projects [2][4]. - The economic data from April indicates that while equipment and appliance sales are strong, the real estate and narrow infrastructure sectors are lagging, with fixed asset investment showing a year-on-year increase of only 3.6% [2]. Group 2: Supply-Demand Relationship - New signals from policies indicate a shift towards managing low prices and addressing "involution" competition. The central bank's report emphasizes a transition from managing high prices to low prices, aiming for high-quality development and preventing disorderly competition [3]. - The past two years have seen nominal growth rates lag behind actual growth, leading to higher real interest rates, which in turn dampen investment and consumption. Improving the supply-demand balance is seen as a pathway to raise the price level and stimulate economic activity [3]. Group 3: US-China Trade Relations - Recent communications between US and Chinese officials following the Geneva talks are viewed as a positive signal for improving macroeconomic uncertainty. Enhanced relations could lead to simultaneous improvements in the economic fundamentals and risk appetite [4]. Group 4: Market Performance - The week of May 22 saw significant upward pressure on risk-free rates in the US, leading to a "risk-off" sentiment in global markets. The S&P 500, NASDAQ, and Dow Jones all recorded declines of approximately 2.5% [5]. - The Hong Kong Hang Seng Index outperformed global markets, rising by 1.1%, while A-shares showed mixed performance with a slight decline in technology stocks [5][6]. Group 5: Commodity Market Dynamics - The commodity market displayed divergence, with gold leading gains amid geopolitical risks and tightening liquidity. Gold prices rose by 5.0% for London gold and 5.6% for COMEX futures, while copper also saw a slight increase [6][7]. - Oil prices adjusted downwards, with Brent crude futures falling by 1.0% during the same period [6]. Group 6: Economic Indicators - Industrial production in May is expected to show resilience, with a year-on-year growth estimate of 5.99%, supported by export demand. The actual and nominal GDP growth rates for May are projected at 5.24% and 4.10%, respectively [14]. - Consumer price index (CPI) and producer price index (PPI) estimates indicate slight declines, with PPI expected to be -2.98% year-on-year, reflecting ongoing price pressures in the industrial sector [15][16]. Group 7: Policy Developments - The State Council approved the "Manufacturing Green Low-Carbon Development Action Plan (2025-2027)," emphasizing the need for green technology innovation and the transformation of traditional industries [24]. - The government is focusing on addressing "involution" competition to promote healthy industrial development and enhance market competition [25].