Group 1 - The global economy in 2025 is characterized by uncertainties, including trade wars, technological transitions, and geopolitical risks, making financial markets a key window for observing macro trends [1] - The recent roundtable discussion at Fudan University focused on the themes of economic and trade competition, technological transitions, and the current international financial situation, aiming to provide academic references for China's capital market in response to new international changes [1][2] - The chief economist from ICBC International highlighted that the global economic recovery cycle is confirmed for 2023-2024, but recent trade wars have caused fluctuations in expectations, with Hong Kong stocks rising nearly 30% in the past three months, outperforming global markets [2] Group 2 - The resilience of the Chinese economy is attributed to its large-scale market and complete industrial system, with a focus on the integration of digital and real economies [3] - The chief economist from Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation emphasized the need for China to manage its relationships with the US and neighboring countries carefully to avoid isolation, suggesting a focus on domestic demand and long-term strategies [3] - The Fudan University professor pointed out that the capital market is crucial for activating property income and addressing the decline in regular income, which is essential for the internationalization of the RMB [4] Group 3 - The discussion highlighted the importance of capital markets in supporting early-stage financing for technology companies and accelerating breakthroughs in advanced technology fields [5] - Experts agreed that the global economic recovery is subject to fluctuations, but China's manufacturing advantages and technological potential provide resilience against challenges [6] - The need for China to be cautious of deflation and geopolitical risks was emphasized, advocating for counter-cyclical policies and technological breakthroughs to achieve quality growth [6]

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided on the report industry investment rating. 2. Core View of the Report - The prices of treasury bond futures generally rose, with the T2509 contract rising 0.2%, and the short - term market interest rates generally declined. The yields of key - term treasury bonds at home and abroad changed, and the price fluctuations of short - term treasury bond futures will continue to increase due to multiple factors [2][3]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Futures Market - **Prices and Volumes**: The prices of treasury bond futures generally rose, such as the T2509 contract rising 0.2%. The trading volume and open interest of each contract varied, with some open interest decreasing [2]. - **Arbitrage Opportunities**: The IRR of the CTD bonds corresponding to the main contracts of each treasury bond futures was at a low level, and there were no arbitrage opportunities [2]. Short - term Market Interest Rates - The short - term market interest rates generally declined. For example, the SHIBOR 7 - day rate decreased by 2.4bp, the DR007 rate decreased by 6.73bp, and the GC007 rate decreased by 2.9bp [2]. Spot Market - **Domestic Treasury Bond Yields**: The yields of key - term treasury bonds at home changed differently. The 10Y treasury bond yield decreased by 2.24bp to 1.72%, and the yield spread between long - and short - term (10 - 2) treasury bonds was 30.73bp [2]. - **Overseas Treasury Bond Yields**: The 10Y US treasury bond yield increased by 2bp, the 10Y German treasury bond yield decreased by 7bp, and the 10Y Japanese treasury bond yield decreased by 3.4bp [2]. Macro News - **Monetary Policy**: The central bank conducted 495.8 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 325.1 billion yuan [3]. - **Economic Meetings**: The national industrial and information authorities' symposium deployed eight key tasks for the second half of the year, including promoting industrial development and expanding domestic demand [3]. - **Other Policies**: The implementation plan of the national child - rearing subsidy system was officially announced, and the CF40 report suggested increasing counter - cyclical policies [3]. Industry Information - **Interest Rate Changes**: Most money market interest rates declined, and most US treasury bond yields fell. Trump's remarks affected the market's expectations of the Fed's policies [3]. Comment and Strategy - The price of 10 - year treasury bond active bonds rebounded significantly, and the yield dropped to 1.715%. Due to factors such as the central bank's operations, overseas economic data, and domestic policies, the price fluctuations of short - term treasury bond futures will continue to increase [3].

作者 | 第一财经 亓宁 2025.07. 28 本文字数：2927，阅读时长大约5分钟 面对复杂严峻的内外部环境，我国上半年经济增长5.3%，超出全年增长目标。下半年经济趋势和扩 内需方向仍备受关注。 对于下半年宏观政策建议，CF40资深研究员、中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所副所长张斌在报告 发布会上提到了四点： 首先是财政方面，下半年应充分运用公共预算的调入资金及使用结转结余，并考虑额外发行2.3万亿 元政府债券，力争广义财政支出达到全年预算增长目标。 "按照目前计划，6月～12月还能发行7.6万亿元，低于去年同期债务发行规模。"上述报告提到，进入 下半年以后，政府发债规模下降，如果下半年广义财政收入难有大的增长，财政的可用财力受限，对 下半年GDP增长支持力度下降，对新增社融也会形成拖累。 其次，考虑到以旧换新政策会随着时间拉长而政策效力递减，加之当前环境下企业设备更新改造需求 下降，需要谋求新的发力点来扩大内需。"相较而言，城市更新改造是为数不多的现实迫切需要且能 从总体规模上改变宏观局面的发力点，可以此为突破口，扩大政府主导的公共投资。"张斌说。 中国金融四十人论坛（CF40）最新发布的宏观政策季度 ...

Core Viewpoint - The key to maintaining economic growth resilience in the second half of the year lies in expanding domestic demand, with fiscal expenditure being crucial [1][2][5]. Economic Performance - In the second quarter, China's GDP grew by 5.2% year-on-year, slightly weaker than the first quarter but still above the annual target of 5% [2][5]. - The nominal GDP growth rate for the second quarter was 3.9%, with the GDP deflator index remaining negative for nine consecutive quarters, indicating significant demand pressure [2][5]. Structural Analysis - Industrial production remains robust, with industrial added value growth consistently exceeding GDP growth [5]. - Exports have shown resilience, particularly to regions outside the U.S., despite a notable decline in exports to the U.S. [5]. - Retail sales growth has improved due to policies supporting trade-in programs, while fixed asset investment has weakened compared to the first quarter [5]. - The real estate market has shifted from signs of stabilization back to contraction, with new housing sales and second-hand home prices declining [5]. Recommendations for Expanding Domestic Demand - Suggestions include utilizing public budget funds and considering the issuance of an additional 2.3 trillion yuan in government bonds to meet annual fiscal expenditure growth targets [1][5]. - Emphasis on urban renewal and government-led public investment as a breakthrough point for expanding domestic demand [5]. - Proposals to further lower policy interest rates to guide market rates downwards and stimulate both supply and demand to help the real estate market recover [5]. Currency and Exchange Rate Insights - The report discusses the importance of achieving a reasonable valuation of the RMB's real effective exchange rate, emphasizing that it should not be excessively high or low [6][7]. - The depreciation of the RMB's real effective exchange rate since the first quarter of 2022 is attributed to persistent domestic demand shortages [6][7]. - Recommendations include implementing timely and sufficient counter-cyclical policies to address demand deficiencies and maintaining a flexible RMB exchange rate mechanism to avoid excessive distortions [7].

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the need for further counter-cyclical policies to achieve the annual economic growth target in China, given the pressures from tariffs, real estate, and limited fiscal capacity. It emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand and its impact on the RMB exchange rate [1][2][4]. Economic Growth and Domestic Demand - China's GDP for the first half of the year was approximately 66.05 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 5.3% [2] - The report indicates that fiscal measures, such as bond issuance and spending, have effectively supported economic growth in the first half of the year [2] - It suggests that the economic momentum weakened in the second quarter compared to the first, necessitating stronger counter-cyclical policies to address increasing demand pressures [2][3] Fiscal Policy Recommendations - The report recommends utilizing public budget funds and considering the issuance of an additional 2.3 trillion yuan in government bonds to meet the annual budget growth target [2][3] - It notes that the government plans to issue 7.6 trillion yuan in bonds from June to December, which is lower than the previous year's issuance [2] Domestic Demand Expansion Strategies - The report identifies urban renewal and transformation as a critical area for expanding domestic demand, suggesting it as a viable point for government-led public investment [3] - It advocates for lowering policy interest rates to guide market rates downwards, thereby improving inflation expectations and balancing private sector savings and investments [3] - The report emphasizes the need for simultaneous efforts on both supply and demand sides to revitalize the real estate market [3] RMB Exchange Rate Dynamics - The report discusses the undervaluation of the RMB's real effective exchange rate, which has depreciated over 15% since early 2022, despite improvements in export competitiveness [4][5] - It highlights that the nominal effective exchange rate's depreciation and the decline in domestic price levels relative to trade partners contributed significantly to this depreciation [5] - The report stresses that the comparison of expected returns on RMB assets versus foreign assets is crucial for determining the supply and demand in the foreign exchange market [5][6] RMB Stablecoin Development - The report outlines structural changes in the RMB exchange rate, including a shift in expectations and a changing interest rate environment, which may support RMB internationalization [7] - It discusses various options for advancing RMB stablecoin trials, emphasizing the need for onshore stablecoins due to limited application scenarios for offshore stablecoins [8][9] - The report suggests leveraging China's manufacturing and industrial chain advantages to expand offline applications for stablecoins [8]

Report Details - Report Date: July 27, 2025 [1] - Report Title: Nanhua Treasury Bond Futures Weekly Report Investment Rating - No investment rating information is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - This week, the bond market experienced a significant adjustment. The main pressure came from risk assets, and the tightening of the capital market worsened the situation. Treasury bonds and commodities are two types of assets with highly similar but opposite price trends. When commodities rebounded, the bond market faced substantial pressure and significant pullbacks [2]. - In the medium - to long - term, fundamentals and liquidity expectations are the two most crucial factors for the bond market. The report does not believe that the fundamentals have changed drastically in just one week, nor does it think that production restrictions can solve demand - side problems. The significant fluctuations in commodities and the bond market are related to the long - term low (high) valuation and low - volatility market structure, and market behavior has amplified the intensity of the market [2]. Summary by Relevant Catalog 1. Market Data - **Futures Data**: The settlement prices of various Treasury bond futures contracts decreased this week. For example, the 10 - year Treasury bond futures T2509.CFE closed at 108.195, down 0.57%; the 30 - year Treasury bond futures TL2509.CFE closed at 118.120, down 2.00% [8]. - **Spread Data**: In terms of inter - period spreads, T2509 - T2512 was - 0.015, down 0.667; in terms of inter - variety spreads, 2TS - T was 301.109, up 0.183 [8]. - **Spot Bond Yields**: The yields of various Treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds increased this week. For example, the yield of the 10 - year Treasury bond rose 6.79 BP to 1.73%, and the yield of the 30 - year Treasury bond rose 8.70 BP to 1.98% [8]. - **Funding Rates**: Bank - to - bank pledged repurchase rates and SHIBOR rates showed different degrees of increase. For example, DR001 rose 6.08 BP to 1.52%, and SHIBOR1M rose 0.90 BP to 1.55% [8]. 2. Graphical Analysis - **Bond Yield Curve Changes**: The report shows the changes in Treasury bond yields at different time points, reflecting the trends in yield curve movements [10][12]. - **Bond Spread Trends**: The report presents the trends of inter - period spreads and inter - variety spreads, such as the 2TF - T and 2TS - T spreads [21]. - **Treasury Bond Term Spread Trends**: The report shows the trends of 5Y - 2Y BP, 10Y - 5Y BP, and 10Y - 2Y BP [25].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese economy is projected to face increasing pressure on demand due to tariffs, real estate challenges, and limited fiscal capacity, necessitating stronger counter-cyclical policies in the second half of 2025 [1][3]. Economic Growth Contributions - In the first half of the year, final consumption expenditure contributed 52% to GDP growth, capital formation contributed 16.8%, and net exports contributed 31.2% [2]. - The contribution of final consumption expenditure slightly increased to 52.3% in the second quarter, indicating that domestic demand, particularly consumption, is the main driver of GDP growth [2]. Fiscal and Monetary Policy - The focus for the second half of the year will be on reducing reserve requirements and interest rates, expanding domestic demand, and supporting a recovery in the real estate market [3][4]. - The report suggests utilizing public budget funds and considering the issuance of an additional 2.3 trillion yuan in government bonds to meet fiscal spending targets [3]. Consumer Promotion Strategies - There is an urgent need to promote consumption as the U.S. global tariffs may negatively impact Chinese exports, potentially leading to a shift from positive to negative net export contributions [5]. - Proposed measures to boost consumption include issuing long-term special bonds and increasing support for trade-in programs, with a broader scope to include general consumer goods and services [5]. Real Estate Market Recovery - To facilitate a quicker recovery in the real estate market, both demand and supply sides need to be addressed, including potential measures such as relaxing purchase restrictions and providing subsidies for low-income homebuyers [5].

the 12 2008 记者 胡艳明 "今年上半年，人民币对美元汇率升值1.9%，人民币对美元汇率在7.15—7.35之间双向浮动，既在合理均衡水平上保持了基本稳定，也发挥了调节宏观经济 和国际收支自动稳定器的作用。"7月22日，国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人李斌在国务院新闻办公室举行的新闻发布会上表示。 7月21日，中国金融四十人论坛发布的《2025年第二季度宏观政策报告》显示，今年二季度，人民币对美元汇率上行，对一篮子货币汇率下行。二季度末， 人民币对美元汇率为7.16，较一季度末的7.18有所升值。二季度美元指数显著下降，人民币对美元汇率升值，与其他货币对美元的升值幅度相比较少。 《2025年第二季度宏观政策报告》指出，实现人民币汇率合理估值，需要及时、充分的逆周期政策。保持人民币对美元的宽幅区间波动（比如将人民币对美 元汇率的波动区间设定为6.2—7.2），有助于防止人民币汇率出现过度扭曲。 对于下半年外汇市场的走势，李斌表示，在开放条件下，一国外汇市场会受到内外部多重因素的影响。总的来看，经济高质量发展、对外开放稳步推进、外 汇市场韧性不断增强，这三个有利因素将支持我国外汇市场继续保持平稳运行，人 ...

Economic Performance - China's GDP grew by 5.3% year-on-year in the first half of the year, surpassing the annual target of 5% [1] - The contribution of consumption to economic growth reached 52% in the first half of the year, with total retail sales of consumer goods amounting to 24.55 trillion yuan, a 5% increase year-on-year [4] Consumption Trends - The retail sales growth rate for the catering industry significantly declined from 5.2% in April and 5.9% in May to just 0.9% in June, with the average growth rate for the second quarter at 4.0%, down from 5% in the first quarter [4] - The "old-for-new" policy has positively impacted retail sales, but its effectiveness is expected to diminish over time, necessitating new strategies to boost domestic demand [4][9] Real Estate Market - The real estate market showed signs of weakness in the second quarter, with fixed asset investment growth slowing down and real estate investment declining further, with a year-on-year drop of 11.2% by June [5] - New residential sales area decreased by 3.7% year-on-year in June, indicating a continued downturn in the real estate sector [5] External Economic Factors - Exports to the U.S. fell by 24% in the second quarter, while exports to other regions, such as ASEAN and India, increased by 17.5% and 14.3% respectively [7] - The expiration of the 90-day tariff suspension on August 1 poses additional risks to the economic outlook, with potential new tariffs being implemented by the U.S. [7][8] Future Economic Outlook - Experts suggest that the focus for the second half of the year should be on expanding domestic demand, with fiscal spending being a key driver [9][10] - Recommendations include utilizing public budget funds and considering the issuance of an additional 2.3 trillion yuan in government bonds to support fiscal expenditure growth [9]

Core Viewpoint - The industry is expected to see continuous improvement in its prosperity due to the gradual implementation of counter-cyclical fiscal policies and a cyclical upswing in the industry, with excavator domestic sales growth likely to continue rising. Although exports face certain trade friction risks, most major engineering machinery manufacturers have limited exposure to the U.S. market, making the risks manageable. Overall, opportunities outweigh risks in 2025 [1]. Group 1: Industry Performance - In June 2025, domestic excavator sales reached 8,136 units, a year-on-year increase of 6.20%, while total excavator sales were 18,804 units, up 13.3% year-on-year. Exports accounted for 10,668 units, reflecting a 19.3% increase [2]. - For the first half of 2025, total excavator sales were 120,520 units, a 16.8% year-on-year increase, with domestic sales at 65,637 units, up 22.9%, and exports at 54,883 units, up 10.2% [2]. - The average monthly working hours for major engineering machinery in June 2025 were 77.2 hours, down 9.11% year-on-year, with excavators averaging 64.2 hours [2]. - The monthly operating rate for major engineering machinery in June 2025 was 56.9%, a decrease of 7.55 percentage points year-on-year, with excavators at 58.2% [2]. Group 2: Trade Risks - Most Chinese engineering machinery manufacturers have limited exposure to the U.S. market, with XCMG's U.S. market revenue accounting for less than 1% of total revenue, and Zoomlion's around 1%. Hengli Hydraulic's export revenue to the U.S. is approximately 5% of total revenue, indicating that overall risks are manageable [3].