机器人的功能触角：灵巧手 20250821 摘要 灵巧手技术层面聚焦驱动、传动和感知。驱动系统以空心杯电机为主， 但普通直流无刷电机和新型轴向磁通电机等方案可提高功率密度。传动 方面，键绳、微型丝杠、精密减速器各有优劣，可组合应用。感知领域 中，触觉传感器技术壁垒高，压阻式传感器应用广泛，未来或发展为电 磁电子皮肤。 灵巧手发展历史悠久，早期应用功能单一。2000 年后，仿生灵巧手快 速发展，如德国宇航中心推出高自由度灵巧手，但成本高昂。国内哈工 大推出首个进入工业测试的国产灵巧手。特斯拉 Optimus 人形机器人 推动行业发展，不断迭代技术方案，验证多种驱动和传动方案。 海外市场由领先公司主导，中国企业积极布局。非上市公司如银石、强 岛，上市公司如兆维机电、明智电器、雷赛智能和禾川等具有优势。末 端执行器分为多指夹爪和多指灵巧手，后者模仿人类生理结构，是未来 发展趋势，可实现复杂精细操作。 特斯拉人形机器人不断迭代，第一代采用空心杯电机加涡轮蜗杆方案， 第二代改用直流无刷电机加微型丝杠加腱绳方案，并验证直驱及微型谐 波减速器等新方案。特斯拉计划在 11 月发布第三代人形机器人产品， 其零销售方案将更清晰。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights significant growth in revenue and net profit for Sifang Optoelectronics in the first half of 2025, driven by advancements in gas sensor technology and strategic acquisitions in the low-carbon thermal engineering sector [2][20]. Company Overview and Financial Indicators - Sifang Optoelectronics achieved operating revenue of 507.90 million yuan, a 49.36% increase compared to the same period last year [3][20]. - The total profit reached 96.79 million yuan, marking a 118.87% increase year-on-year [3][20]. - Net profit attributable to shareholders was 84.12 million yuan, up 103.41% from the previous year [3][20]. - The company's net assets increased by 5.77% to 1.09 billion yuan, and total assets grew by 10.43% to 1.72 billion yuan [3][20]. Business and Industry Analysis - Sifang Optoelectronics specializes in the research, production, and sales of gas sensors and gas analysis instruments, utilizing various advanced technologies [6][10]. - The company operates in multiple sectors, including HVAC, industrial safety, automotive electronics, medical health, smart metering, scientific instruments, and low-carbon thermal engineering [6][10]. - The gas sensor industry is transitioning towards miniaturization, integration, and intelligence, driven by advancements in MEMS technology, nanomaterials, and artificial intelligence [8][9]. - The demand for gas sensors is increasing due to stricter environmental regulations and safety standards, particularly in the context of carbon neutrality initiatives [14][15]. Research and Development - The company emphasizes independent innovation and collaborates with academic institutions to enhance its R&D capabilities [10][11]. - Sifang Optoelectronics has established several national and provincial technology innovation platforms to strengthen its research efforts [10][11]. Market Position and Competitive Advantage - The company is recognized as a leading player in the gas sensor field, with its PM sensor products holding the top market share globally [12][20]. - Sifang Optoelectronics has been awarded multiple accolades for its contributions to environmental protection and technological innovation [10][11]. Future Outlook - The implementation of stricter carbon emission standards and safety regulations is expected to create substantial market opportunities for gas analysis instruments and sensors [14][15]. - The company aims to expand its international market presence, particularly in Europe and Asia, while enhancing its product offerings to meet evolving customer demands [6][10].

Core Viewpoint - Naxin Micro has emerged as a significant player in the sensor market, breaking the long-standing monopoly of overseas giants and establishing a new milestone for Chinese chip companies through its excellence in isolation devices and sensor signal conditioning chips [1][2]. Development History - Naxin Micro was founded in 2013 and launched its first three-axis accelerometer signal conditioning chip in 2014, followed by a pressure sensor signal conditioning chip in 2015 and an automotive-grade pressure sensor chip in 2016, marking its entry into the automotive electronics market [2]. - By 2018, Naxin Micro's automotive pressure sensor chips achieved mass production, with over 100 million automotive chips shipped by the time of its IPO in April 2022 [2][3]. - The company has continuously innovated its sensor products from 2019 to 2021, including the launch of MEMS pressure sensors and the second-generation magnetic sensor conditioning chips [2][3]. Product Lines and Market Coverage - Naxin Micro has developed three main product lines: pressure sensors, magnetic sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors, with over a thousand product variants [5][6]. - The pressure sensor product line covers 80% of the market, while magnetic and temperature/humidity sensors achieve full category market coverage, catering to diverse application scenarios [5][6]. Technological Advancements - Naxin Micro focuses on high-precision, high-performance sensor chips rather than traditional sensor module manufacturing, allowing it to leverage its semiconductor technology advantages [4][5]. - The company has achieved several "domestic firsts" in sensor development, including the first domestic small-sized integrated magnetic current sensor and the first functional safety ASIL B (D) AMR wheel speed sensor [6][7]. Strategic Collaborations and Acquisitions - Naxin Micro has formed a strategic partnership with Continental Group to co-develop automotive-grade pressure sensor chips, enhancing reliability and precision for automotive safety applications [7][8]. - The acquisition of Maguan, a company specializing in magnetic sensors, has expanded Naxin Micro's product offerings and positioned it as the only domestic company with a comprehensive range of magnetic sensor products [9]. Future Outlook - Naxin Micro aims to enhance its competitiveness in the sensor market through increased self-research efforts and product line expansion to meet diverse market demands [8][9]. - The company is well-positioned to leverage the rapid growth of the new energy vehicle and industrial sectors, providing critical technology support with its high-precision and reliable sensor chips [5][11].

Group 1: Industry Overview - The humanoid robot industry is on the brink of explosive growth, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 60% over the next five years [4][6] - By 2030, the production capacity of humanoid robots is expected to reach 5-6 million units, with the market size surpassing 450 billion yuan [6] - In the first half of 2025, there were 87 financing events in China's humanoid robot sector, raising a total of 10.9 billion yuan, nearly doubling the financing amount from the entire year of 2024 [5] Group 2: Company Profile - Hanwei Technology - Hanwei Technology, established in 1998 and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2009, is a leading company in the gas sensor field in China [2] - The company is one of the few capable of mass-producing flexible tactile sensors, with a thickness of less than 0.3mm and sensitivity reaching 0.1 kPa [3] - Hanwei Technology is collaborating with various robotics companies to integrate flexible tactile sensors into robotic hands, enhancing their ability to perform complex and delicate tasks [3] Group 3: Technological Advancements - Hanwei Technology's product matrix covers multiple dimensions of perception for humanoid robots, including touch, balance, force control, and smell [4] - The company has developed various electronic skin technologies, including pressure-sensitive, piezoelectric, capacitive, magnetic, and liquid metal sensors, suitable for different body parts and functional scenarios [4] - The flexible sensor production line at Suzhou Nistad has reached full capacity, with new expansion plans underway to significantly increase production in the second half of the year [8] Group 4: Market Dynamics - The sensor market is expected to grow rapidly, driven by the humanoid robot market, with a projected CAGR of 61.6% by 2030 [7] - Force sensors are anticipated to dominate the market, with a demand scale of approximately 58.5 billion yuan by 2030, while visual sensors may reach around 20 billion yuan [7] - Hanwei Technology is actively supplying flexible electronic skin products to several humanoid robot manufacturers, indicating a strong market presence [7]

Group 1 - Yuanzhi Investment recently conducted research on Huapei Power, which has established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Huapei Jushen, to develop cutting-edge technologies such as six-dimensional force sensors [1] - Huapei Power has completed testing of its first-generation products and is leveraging its automotive-grade chip manufacturing advantages to reduce costs [1] - The company aims for international expansion, planning to establish production capacity in Europe and America, and is focusing on mergers and acquisitions within the automotive and robotics supply chains [1] Group 2 - Yuanzhi Investment Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is a registered entity with the Asset Management Association of China, specializing in equity investment, real estate investment, fund management, and investment consulting [2] - The company manages various investment funds and has invested in multiple projects across high-end manufacturing, TMT, environmental protection and energy, modern agriculture, healthcare, and real estate acquisition, achieving good returns [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful collaboration between companies and research institutions in Tianjin, showcasing how technological advancements and targeted support from local science and technology associations have led to significant improvements in operational efficiency and innovation. Group 1: Company Innovations - Tianjin Bohua Anchuang Technology Co., Ltd. has implemented an intelligent monitoring system that significantly enhances the accuracy of equipment fault warnings, effectively preventing multiple potential accidents [1][3]. - The introduction of the integrated welding machine by Tianjin Jinqiao Welding Materials Group is a result of the "integrated welding technology" innovation platform, which has led to the development of over 30 specialized welding process packages for various industries [3]. Group 2: Support from Local Institutions - The Tianjin Science and Technology Association has established a "Science and Technology Innovation China" platform to connect companies with relevant research teams, facilitating the matching of technological needs with available expertise [2][4]. - The association has formed over 10 innovation platforms, connecting more than 200 national societies and 165 municipal societies, thereby creating a collaborative mechanism for technological innovation [4].

Core Insights - The article discusses the increasing importance of six-dimensional force sensors in humanoid robots, which are transitioning from performance-oriented designs to practical applications in factories [1][10] - The demand for high-precision sensors is rising as humanoid robots are expected to perform complex tasks, necessitating advanced sensory feedback systems [10][12] Group 1: Market Trends - In the first half of this year, leading manufacturers of six-dimensional force sensors have seen shipment volumes reach thousands for single robot clients [1] - The market for humanoid robots is projected to grow significantly, with an estimated 2,000 units expected to be sold in China in 2024 and a global shipment forecast of 18,000 units by 2025 [9] - The penetration rate of six-dimensional force sensors in humanoid robots is anticipated to exceed 30% in the future [9] Group 2: Technological Developments - Six-dimensional force sensors are crucial for enabling robots to perform delicate tasks, as they can sense forces and moments in all six dimensions [4][5] - The technology behind these sensors involves complex algorithms that decode strain data into clear force and moment signals, enhancing the sensor's adaptability to dynamic environments [5][12] - The cost of six-dimensional force sensors has decreased by approximately 30% compared to last year, facilitating their entry into small-scale production [11] Group 3: Industry Challenges - The lack of standardized products in the robotics industry has led to a reliance on customized solutions, posing challenges for core component manufacturers [12] - Companies are focusing on balancing production capacity, cost control, and R&D investment to meet the growing market demand [11][14] - The rapid technological iteration in humanoid robots requires suppliers to maintain a fast response rate to client needs [12][14] Group 4: Competitive Landscape - The current market for force sensors has not yet entered a phase of aggressive price competition, allowing manufacturers to retain some bargaining power [14] - Companies are collaborating closely with robot manufacturers to support each other's development rather than engaging in fierce competition [14] - The ability to deliver quickly and innovate will be critical for companies to secure advantageous positions in the humanoid robot supply chain [14]

Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved a revenue of 94,016 million yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 25.93% [3] - The net profit attributable to shareholders was 8,264 million yuan, with a growth of 3.44% [3] - In Q1 2025, the revenue reached 26,127 million yuan, marking a year-on-year increase of 42.15% [3] - The net profit attributable to shareholders for Q1 2025 was 2,037 million yuan, up by 59.49% [3] Revenue Breakdown by Application - Automotive applications generated revenue of 52,005 million yuan, a growth of 32.84%, accounting for 55.31% of total revenue [3] - Home appliance applications contributed 32.25% of total revenue, with a year-on-year growth of 19.34% [3] - Energy storage and other industries achieved revenue of 11,693 million yuan, growing by 15.72%, representing 12.44% of total revenue [3] Product Development and Competitive Advantage - The company’s MEMS pressure sensors saw a revenue increase of 646% in Q1 2025, indicating rapid growth potential [5] - Key competitive advantages include in-house R&D capabilities, standardized design for cost efficiency, and a comprehensive product line covering core automotive applications [4] Cost Control Measures - The company plans to enhance cost control through technological innovation, automation improvements, and lean production management [8] - Strategies include process cost reduction, increased automation, and optimizing product and customer structure to maintain competitive advantages [8] Global Expansion Strategy - In 2024, overseas revenue reached 14,332 million yuan, a growth of 34.30%, accounting for 15.24% of total revenue [9] - The company is establishing subsidiaries in Belgium, Germany, and Thailand to enhance local service and technical support [10] - The German subsidiary is expected to be registered by the end of July 2025, focusing on local sales and service [10]

Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved a revenue of CNY 940.16 million, a year-on-year increase of 25.93% [4] - The net profit attributable to shareholders was CNY 82.64 million, up 3.44% year-on-year [4] - In Q1 2025, revenue reached CNY 261.27 million, representing a 42.15% increase [4] - The net profit attributable to shareholders in Q1 2025 was CNY 20.37 million, a 59.49% increase year-on-year [4] Product Performance - Pressure sensors generated CNY 468 million in revenue in 2024, accounting for 49.78% of total revenue, with a growth of 32.17% year-on-year [4] - In Q1 2025, pressure sensors contributed CNY 140.13 million, representing 53.63% of total revenue, with a year-on-year growth of 70.49% [4][5] Strategic Initiatives - The company plans to invest CNY 41.31 million in building an automated production line for the new generation of electronic mechanical brake (EMB) sensors [7][8] - The EMB system offers advantages such as simplified structure and faster response times compared to traditional hydraulic systems [7] - The company aims to enhance its market position in the pressure sensor field by expanding its product line and increasing market share in both domestic and international markets [5][6] Research and Development - R&D expenses for 2024 totaled CNY 62.62 million, accounting for 6.66% of total revenue, a 32.10% increase from the previous year [11] - The company holds 77 patents, including 24 domestic invention patents and 3 overseas invention patents [11][12] - Future R&D efforts will focus on enhancing core technologies such as sensitive ceramic technology and MEMS technology [9] Dividend Policy - The company distributed a cash dividend of CNY 3.00 per 10 shares for the 2024 fiscal year, totaling CNY 29.52 million [10] - Future dividend policies will consider profitability, cash flow, and shareholder expectations [10]

Group 1 - "Deep-sea technology" has been included in the government work report for the first time in 2025, with recent supportive policies from regions like Shandong and Hainan to promote industry development [1] - The underwater robots are being tested for applications in offshore wind farm operations and submarine cable inspections, with ongoing tests on motion performance, underwater communication, and data transmission modules [3] - The underwater robots are already in practical use across various fields such as marine oil development, marine topography surveying, environmental monitoring, and rescue operations, with performance improvements expected due to advancements in AI and sensor technology [3] Group 2 - The Sanya Nanshan Port is China's first public scientific research port, facilitating research cooperation and resource sharing, significantly reducing travel time to deep-sea operation areas [6] - In 2024, Sanya Nanshan Port supported 1,416 scientific research voyages, with over 800 completed so far this year, enhancing the efficiency of marine research [6] - The marine acoustic sensor industry has seen substantial growth in both output and demand, primarily used for monitoring and collecting marine environmental data [6] Group 3 - China's marine economy has shown strong growth, surpassing 10 trillion yuan for the first time in 2024, representing a 5.9% increase from the previous year [9] - The marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry has maintained the largest global market share for seven consecutive years [7][9]