Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to maintain a reasonable macro tax burden level while ensuring fiscal sustainability and health, highlighting the importance of tax reform and management in the context of economic governance [2][12]. Tax Burden and Fiscal Policy - Maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden requires finding increments from fair tax burdens, identifying new tax sources, standardizing tax incentives, and adapting to new situations to accelerate tax system construction and improve tax collection [5][11]. - The macro tax burden has been decreasing from 20.36% of GDP in 2017 to an estimated 16.29% in 2024, indicating a trend of significant tax reductions [4][11]. Tax System Reform - The key directions for tax reform include improving local taxes and direct tax systems, refining income tax policies, and standardizing tax incentives to ensure a fair tax burden [2][12]. - The article stresses the importance of adapting tax policies to the changing economic landscape, particularly as new economic drivers emerge [7][10]. Fiscal Management and Sustainability - The article discusses the need for cautious use of fiscal policy space to avoid excessive reliance on debt due to high spending demands and tax reductions [3][11]. - It highlights the importance of optimizing expenditure structures to ensure that funds are allocated to critical areas, particularly in social welfare [11][12]. Zero-Based Budgeting - The implementation of zero-based budgeting is seen as a way to enhance the efficiency of fiscal funds and improve overall fiscal policy effectiveness [15]. - This approach allows for a reassessment of spending priorities, ensuring that funds are directed towards high-performance projects while potentially cutting low-performance expenditures [15]. Government Investment Planning - The introduction of a comprehensive government investment plan aims to clarify government investment accounts and improve management of fiscal resources [16]. - This initiative seeks to address issues of fragmented funding and enhance the overall efficiency of government investments [16]. Economic Growth and Market Vitality - The article underscores the importance of economic growth and market vitality in addressing fiscal challenges, advocating for policies that create a conducive environment for economic expansion [17][18]. - It suggests that enhancing market vitality is crucial for resolving various fiscal issues, emphasizing the need for supportive policies that facilitate economic development [17][18].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the cautious use of fiscal policy space while ensuring fiscal sustainability and health development, as highlighted by Yang Zhiyong, the director of the Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences [1][9] - The "Suggestions" document released on October 28 outlines the importance of active fiscal policy and fiscal sustainability as fundamental requirements for better governance during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1][10] - Key directions for tax reform include improving local taxes, direct tax systems, and standardizing tax incentives while maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden level [1][2][4] Group 2 - Maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden requires finding increments from fair tax burdens, exploring new tax sources, standardizing tax incentives, and accelerating tax system construction [2][4] - The decline in traditional economic tax sources necessitates timely tax system reforms to effectively convert new economic sources into tax revenue [2][6] - The "Suggestions" also mention strengthening fiscal scientific management, deepening zero-based budgeting reforms, and enhancing local financial autonomy [2][11] Group 3 - The distinction between "maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden" and "stabilizing macro tax burden" lies in aligning tax burden levels with fiscal functions and governance needs [3][4] - From 2017 to 2024, the macro tax burden has been decreasing, with fiscal revenue as a percentage of GDP dropping from 20.36% to 16.29% [3][4] - The need for a balanced approach between expenditure demands and taxpayers' capacity is crucial for determining a reasonable macro tax burden [3][4] Group 4 - The necessity of optimizing expenditure structure while maintaining expenditure intensity is highlighted, with a significant portion of fiscal spending directed towards people's livelihoods [10][11] - The "Suggestions" propose a comprehensive government investment plan to enhance clarity and management of government investments, addressing issues of fragmented fiscal resources [14][15] - The focus on economic growth and market vitality is essential for addressing fiscal challenges and ensuring a conducive policy environment for economic development [16]

编辑丨张星 在近日出版的《〈中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议〉辅导读本》中，国 家发展改革委主任郑栅洁发表题为《坚持扩大内需这个战略基点》的署名文章，详细分析了"十五五"时 期扩大内需面临的新形势新要求及扩大内需的各项决策部署。 郑栅洁表示，大力提振居民消费。立足当前，重点是优化环境、创新场景、减少限制。取消消费领域不 合理或"一刀切"限制措施。针对带薪休假"有假难休"的问题，完善落实机制等。着眼长远，重点是切实 增强居民消费能力，着力提高居民消费率。稳就业促增收是消费的前提和基础，要采取有力措施，提高 居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重。加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度，增加政府资金用于民生保障支 出。 郑栅洁表示，积极扩大有效投资。一是优化投资结构。充分激发民间投资活力，更好发挥政府投资带动 放大作用，加大对消费相关领域投资力度，推动投资消费良性循环。二是提高投资效益。着眼于解决部 分领域投资存在"重投入、轻效益"问题，完善交通、能源等领域价格形成机制，优化基础设施和教育等 公共服务设施布局。三是深化投融资体制改革。用好新型政策性金融工具，发挥好基础设施领域不动产 投资信托基金、政府和社会 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of expanding domestic demand as a strategic foundation during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on enhancing consumer spending and effective investment to drive economic growth [1][5]. Group 1: Consumer Spending - The government aims to boost resident consumption by optimizing the environment, innovating consumption scenarios, and removing unreasonable restrictions in the consumption sector [1][2]. - Measures will be taken to enhance residents' income share in national income distribution, with a focus on increasing government funding for social welfare [1][6]. - The article highlights the need to address the challenges of paid leave and improve mechanisms to ensure its implementation [1]. Group 2: Effective Investment - The government plans to optimize investment structure by stimulating private investment and enhancing the role of government investment in driving consumption-related sectors [2][10]. - There is a focus on improving investment efficiency, particularly in transportation and energy sectors, to address issues of "heavy investment, light returns" [2][10]. - The article discusses the importance of deepening investment and financing system reforms, utilizing new policy financial tools, and enhancing public-private partnerships [2][10]. Group 3: Investment in People - The article stresses the significance of investing in human capital alongside physical assets, highlighting the need for investments in education, healthcare, and skills training [5][6]. - It points out that the return on investment in physical assets has been declining, necessitating a shift towards enhancing human capital to foster new productivity [6][8]. - The government is encouraged to prioritize public funding for comprehensive development across all demographics and life stages [8][12]. Group 4: Infrastructure and Major Projects - The "15th Five-Year Plan" will see the implementation of significant landmark projects in urban renewal, strategic transportation, and new energy systems [7][10]. - The government aims to maintain appropriate growth in infrastructure investment while ensuring it does not exceed necessary levels [7][10]. - Key projects will also focus on service consumption areas such as elderly care, healthcare, and cultural tourism to meet the evolving needs of the population [7][10]. Group 5: Policy Recommendations - The article suggests that local governments should shift from traditional competition models to optimizing human capital and creating a conducive environment for investment [8][14]. - It emphasizes the need for clear delineation between government and private investment roles to stimulate private sector participation [12][14]. - The article advocates for enhancing the investment environment for private enterprises, ensuring fair competition, and providing necessary support for risk management [14][15].