现代宇宙学的主流理论认为，宇宙在诞生的极早期经历过一个极为短暂但异常迅猛的膨胀阶段—— 宇宙暴胀，宇宙的尺度在万亿分之一秒的时间内放大了亿亿亿倍。这个剧烈的过程不但埋下了后来星 系、星系团等宇宙结构形成的"种子"，还激起了时空的涟漪——即原初引力波。 引力波是时空的波动。2015年，激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）合作组宣布首个引力波的探测事 例，这一划时代的发现摘得了诺贝尔物理学奖的桂冠，开启了人类引力波天文学的新纪元。目前已积累 的几十起引力波探测事例均源自大质量天体，如黑洞、中子星的并合过程。原初引力波与之截然不同， 它产生于138亿年前时空的量子涨落，被称为"宇宙婴儿时期的第一声啼哭"。至今，这些微弱的涟漪仍 在宇宙间回荡。 原初引力波承载着宇宙诞生的核心秘密。现代宇宙学对极早期宇宙提出了多种可能的图景，例如： 暴胀宇宙——宇宙在诞生后极短时间内经历了一次指数级的超快膨胀；反弹宇宙——宇宙在经历一次收 缩后反弹；循环宇宙——宇宙在膨胀和收缩之间周而复始的循环等。不同的理论模型对原初引力波的产 生机制和强度也做出了不同的预言，因此，探测出原初引力波的存在与否、测量出原初引力波的强度， 就如同获得了解开宇 ...

原初引力波经过138亿年的漫长时光已经变得极其微弱。幸运的是，人们可以通过宇宙大爆炸的余晖， 即宇宙微波背景辐射（CMB），来寻找原初引力波的蛛丝马迹——原初B模式偏振。这种大尺度的、旋 涡状的偏振图案，就像是原初引力波在CMB这张"底片"上留下的"指纹"，是其存在的最直接证据之一。 LIGO等激光干涉仪探测引力波，如同架设了一台"时空录像机"，实时录制了引力波引起的臂长变化； 而CMB偏振望远镜探测原初引力波，则更像是拍摄一张来自宇宙早期的"化石照片"。 探测原初引力波对台址环境要求十分苛刻，大气层中的水汽会严重干扰对这种微弱偏振信号的精密测 量，一般认为，观测季可沉降水汽含量中位数低于2毫米的地方，是较为理想的台址。纵观全球，只有 南极极点、智利阿塔卡马沙漠、格陵兰岛和中国西藏阿里地区满足这样的条件。在冬季，阿里台址气温 将降至零下30摄氏度，可沉降水汽含量中位数在观测季可达1毫米以下。 现代宇宙学的主流理论认为，宇宙在诞生的极早期经历过一个极为短暂但异常迅猛的膨胀阶段——宇宙 暴胀，宇宙的尺度在万亿分之一秒的时间内放大了亿亿亿倍。这个剧烈的过程不但埋下了后来星系、星 系团等宇宙结构形成的"种子"，还激起 ...

（作者为中国科学院高能物理研究所研究员、阿里原初引力波探测实验首席科学家） 现代宇宙学的主流理论认为，宇宙在诞生的极早期经历过一个极为短暂但异常迅猛的膨胀阶段——宇宙 暴胀，宇宙的尺度在万亿分之一秒的时间内放大了亿亿亿倍。这个剧烈的过程不但埋下了后来星系、星 系团等宇宙结构形成的"种子"，还激起了时空的涟漪——即原初引力波。 （文章来源：人民日报） 引力波是时空的波动。2015年，激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）合作组宣布首个引力波的探测事例， 这一划时代的发现摘得了诺贝尔物理学奖的桂冠，开启了人类引力波天文学的新纪元。目前已积累的几 十起引力波探测事例均源自大质量天体，如黑洞、中子星的并合过程。原初引力波与之截然不同，它产 生于138亿年前时空的量子涨落，被称为"宇宙婴儿时期的第一声啼哭"。至今，这些微弱的涟漪仍在宇 宙间回荡。 探测原初引力波对台址环境要求十分苛刻，大气层中的水汽会严重干扰对这种微弱偏振信号的精密测 量，一般认为，观测季可沉降水汽含量中位数低于2毫米的地方，是较为理想的台址。纵观全球，只有 南极极点、智利阿塔卡马沙漠、格陵兰岛和中国西藏阿里地区满足这样的条件。在冬季，阿里台址气温 将降至零 ...

Key Points - The U.S. has initiated a series of high-intensity tariff actions, putting the global trade system and financial markets under severe pressure, with strong dissatisfaction expressed by Europe and Mexico's commitment to resolving disputes diplomatically [2] - Bank stocks in China have reached historical highs, with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China seeing a peak increase of 3.35%, pushing its market value close to 3 trillion yuan, and the banking sector's cumulative growth for the year reaching 19.58% [6] - The new round of food delivery subsidy wars has reignited, with major players like JD and Meituan heavily investing to capture the instant retail market, indicating a fierce competition for market positioning [6] - The Chinese government is addressing "involution" competition, highlighting that while consumers may benefit from short-term low prices, the long-term effects could lead to reduced quality and choices [6] - The investment heat in the embodied intelligence sector continues to rise, with major tech giants and leading investment institutions like Meituan, Didi, ByteDance, Ant Group, Sequoia, Hillhouse, and JD making comprehensive layouts [7] - The sales of mid-to-high-end liquor in the restaurant channel have declined, with a shift in consumer spending from the 100-300 yuan price range to the 50-100 yuan range [8] - Several banks have introduced business loan products with annual interest rates starting with "2", indicating a competitive lending environment [8] - As the U.S. electric vehicle tax credit policy is set to end, American automakers are ramping up promotional activities for electric vehicles, urging consumers to take advantage of the last window for subsidies [8]

Group 1 - The Ali Cosmic Primordial Gravitational Wave Detection Experiment (AliCPT-1) has successfully achieved its first light observation, capturing clear images of radiation from the Moon and Jupiter in the 150GHz frequency band [1][2][5] - This experiment, led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is China's first primordial gravitational wave detection initiative and marks a significant advancement in the field [1][4] - The successful observation is expected to provide a unique observational window for studying the origins of the universe and validating inflation theory, potentially allowing scientists to glimpse the "initial state" of the universe [4][5] Group 2 - The experiment is conducted at an altitude of 5250 meters in the Ali region of Tibet, which is considered an optimal location for observing primordial gravitational waves due to its dry and clean environment [1][4] - The detection of primordial gravitational waves is recognized globally as a major frontier in fundamental science, crucial for exploring quantum gravitational effects and enhancing cosmological research precision [4][5] - The completion of this experiment fills a gap in China's research capabilities in this area, complementing existing observational sites in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Antarctica and the Atacama Desert in Chile [5]