Core Points - The third United Nations Ocean Conference concluded in Nice, France, on June 13, emphasizing urgent action for ocean sustainability through the political declaration "Our Ocean, Our Future: Call for Urgent Action" [1] - The declaration reaffirms support for previous conference outcomes and highlights the importance of implementing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement [1] - It also stresses the need for effective execution of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its protocols, particularly regarding marine-related goals [1] Funding and Goals - The declaration points out that Sustainable Development Goal 14, which focuses on the protection and sustainable use of oceans, is one of the least funded goals, indicating a need for significant financial resources to accelerate global ocean action [1] - The conference included ten thematic discussions on marine action, covering topics such as the protection and sustainable management of marine ecosystems and funding for Sustainable Development Goal 14 [2] International Cooperation - A highlight of the conference was the progress towards the entry into force of the agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, which requires approval from 60 countries to become binding international law [2] - As of the conference, 50 countries had submitted their approval, with an additional 15 countries committing to do so [2] Participation and Objectives - The conference, co-hosted by France and Costa Rica from June 9 to 13, attracted 15,000 participants, aiming to prioritize ocean issues globally [2]

Group 1 - Michael Spence highlighted that the U.S. withdrawal from the WHO and climate agreements indicates a retreat from sustainable development agendas, leading to three potential scenarios for the future [1] - The most likely scenario is a mixed one, where a multilateral system is supported by Europe, China, and other major emerging markets, as the economic weight of emerging markets is gradually increasing [1] - Spence noted that the trade negotiations are showing positive changes, with the negative effects on consumer confidence in the U.S. economy being a significant concern [3] Group 2 - The uncertainty in the Federal Reserve's monetary policy is emphasized, with current inflationary pressures easing but ongoing tariff policies raising questions about necessary countermeasures [3] - Spence mentioned that the recent developments in AI technology, particularly the rise of open-source AI models, are having a positive impact on the global economy [3] - The report from Stanford indicates that the gap between the U.S. and China in AI technology is rapidly narrowing, with both countries focusing on smaller models that are more cost-effective [3]

Core Points - The dialogue in Geneva highlighted the negative impact of U.S. tariffs on developing countries, emphasizing the need for solidarity and cooperation among these nations to address trade barriers imposed by the U.S. [1] - The WTO Secretary-General noted that current trade frictions could lead to a long-term decline in global GDP by nearly 7%, with particularly severe effects on developing and least developed countries [2] - Economic experts criticized the U.S. tariff policy as detrimental, arguing that it reflects a zero-sum mentality and could exacerbate economic uncertainty rather than resolve manufacturing challenges [3] Group 1 - The dialogue emphasized that U.S. tariffs undermine sustainable development agendas and violate the principles of a rules-based multilateral trading system [1] - Representatives from various countries called for global cooperation and dialogue as the only viable solution to address global challenges [1] - The meeting's extension indicated the urgency and importance of the discussions surrounding U.S. trade practices [1] Group 2 - The WTO's report stressed that if all economies pursue benefits at the expense of others, the outcome will be detrimental to all parties involved, highlighting the necessity of cooperative trade policies [2] - Chinese officials urged the U.S. to show sincerity in negotiations by preparing to correct its unilateral tariff actions [2] - Investors expressed relief regarding the high-level talks between the U.S. and China, as trade between the two major economies has nearly stagnated, raising concerns about potential shortages in the U.S. [2] Group 3 - Experts in Switzerland argued that the U.S. approach to tariffs is economically illogical and could disrupt resource allocation, leading to increased unemployment and rising prices [3] - The significance of the U.S.-China talks was underscored as a means to ease global trade tensions, which is a positive development for the world [3] - The Swiss perspective reflects a broader concern about the crisis facing the global multilateral trading system due to U.S. tariff actions [3]