编者按： "十五五"开局之年，适度宽松的货币政策要努力推动实现经济增长、物价回升，这首先要求明年金融总 量保持合理增长，充分满足实体经济融资需求。社会融资规模、广义货币供应量（M2）是观测金融总 量的主要指标，也是当前我国货币政策主要的中间变量。尽管近年来央行多次强调将不断优化货币政策 中间变量，淡化对数量目标的关注，把金融总量更多作为观测性、参考性、预期性指标，但短期看，推 动社会融资规模、货币供应量增长同经济增长、价格总水平预期目标相匹配，依然是观测金融支持实体 经济是否"给力"的重要参考。 今年以来，社会融资规模、货币供应量增速水平始终高于名义经济增速，明年仍有基础继续保持平稳增 长。基础来自哪里？来自继续实施更加积极的财政政策，来自推动投资止跌回稳，来自居民消费需求持 续恢复，来自直接融资市场迅速发展。 货币政策工具也不只是降准降息，近年来货币政策工具特别是流动性投放工具更加多样，期限分布更趋 合理。长期有降准、国债买卖工具，中期有中期借贷便利（MLF）、买断式逆回购操作等工具，短期 有公开市场7天期逆回购、临时隔夜正、逆回购等工具。鉴于新的一年国债、地方政府专项债券等政府 债券将保持较大发行规模，央 ...

近日，中国人民银行发布11月金融数据。数据显示，11月，广义货币(M2)和社会融资规模增速均保持在 较高水平，持续为经济回升向好创造适宜的货币金融环境。 前11个月，社会融资规模增量为33.39万亿元，超2024年全年。11月末，广义货币(M2)余额336.99万亿 元，同比增长8%，在上年同期基数提高的背景下，仍保持较高增速。社会融资规模存量440.07万亿 元，同比增长8.5%，比上年同期高0.7个百分点。同时，前11个月人民币贷款增加15.36万亿元，贷款规 模保持合理增长，信贷结构持续优化。 社会融资规模存量增8.5% 2025年前11个月，我国金融总量指标保持稳定增长，为经济高质量发展营造了适宜的货币金融环境。央 行数据显示，2025年11月末，社会融资规模存量为440.07万亿元，同比增长8.5%，广义货币供应量(M2) 同比增长8%，两项指标增速均保持在较高水平。 从部门结构看，企(事)业单位贷款增加14.4万亿元，占全部贷款增量的93.7%。其中，中长期贷款增加 8.49万亿元，占企业贷款增量的59%，显示企业长期投资意愿相对稳定，是信贷需求的核心支撑。短期 贷款新增4.44万亿元，票据融资新 ...

2025.12. 12 本文字数：2440，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 杜川 12月12日，央行发布最新数据，M2和社会融资规模增速均保持在较高水平，持续为经济回升向好 创造适宜的货币金融环境。 具体来看，11月末，广义货币（M2）余额336.99万亿元，同比增长8.0%，比上年同期高0.9个百 分点，在上年同期基数提高的背景下，仍保持较高增速；社会融资规模存量440.07万亿元，同比增 长8.5%，比上年同期高0.7个百分点；1-11月，社会融资规模增量为33.39万亿元，同比多3.99万 亿元。 综合融资成本持续维持在低位，充分体现了适度宽松的货币政策状态。第一财经从央行获悉，贷款利 率保持在低位水平。11月份企业新发放贷款（本外币）加权平均利率约为3.1%，比上年同期低约 30个基点；个人住房新发放贷款（本外币）加权平均利率约为3.1%，比上年同期低约3个基点。 政府加杠杆支撑社融增长 随着财政赤字率提升，政府债券对社会融资规模的贡献度明显提高。 初步统计，2025年前11个月，社会融资规模增量累计为33.39万亿元，比上年同期多3.99万亿元。 其中，政府债券净融资13.15万亿元，同比多 ...

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) emphasizes the importance of maintaining a moderately loose monetary policy to support economic growth and stabilize financial conditions, while also addressing the financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises [2][9]. Monetary Policy Execution - The PBOC's report indicates that the financial total has grown rapidly, with the social financing scale and broad money supply (M2) increasing by 8.7% and 8.4% year-on-year, respectively, as of September [3]. - The report highlights that the current balance of RMB loans has reached 270 trillion yuan, and the social financing scale stands at 437 trillion yuan [3]. Economic Outlook - The report suggests that the national economy is progressing steadily, with a solid foundation to achieve the annual growth target of around 5% [4]. - It notes that the macroeconomic policies, including fiscal and monetary measures, are expected to work in coordination to support this target [4]. Financial Structure and Monetary Creation - The report discusses the relationship between base money and broader money supply, indicating that changes in base money can influence the creation of broad money, but they are not directly correlated [5][6]. - It emphasizes that banks have diversified channels for money creation, which can include both indirect financing through loans and direct financing through bond purchases [6]. Interest Rates and Resource Allocation - The report outlines the significance of interest rates and their relative relationships in guiding resource allocation within the economy [7]. - It explains that changes in interest rates can lead to shifts in asset allocation, impacting the flow of funds between deposits and investments in the stock market [7][8]. Future Monetary Policy Directions - The PBOC plans to maintain a relatively loose social financing condition and will focus on enhancing the credit system for small and medium-sized enterprises [9][10]. - The report outlines a commitment to balancing short-term and long-term economic goals, ensuring a stable monetary environment, and preventing excessive fluctuations in the exchange rate [10][11].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) emphasizes the importance of maintaining a moderately loose monetary policy to support economic growth and stabilize financial conditions, while also addressing the evolving needs of the real economy [1][2][4]. Monetary Policy Execution - The PBOC's report indicates that the financial aggregate has grown rapidly, with the social financing scale and broad money supply (M2) increasing by 8.7% and 8.4% year-on-year, respectively, as of September [3]. - The report highlights that the current balance of RMB loans has reached 270 trillion yuan, and the social financing scale stands at 437 trillion yuan [3]. Economic Outlook - The report suggests that the national economy is progressing steadily, with a solid foundation to achieve the annual growth target of around 5% [4]. - It notes that the macroeconomic policies, including fiscal and monetary measures, are expected to work in coordination to support this growth [4]. Financial Structure and Monetary Creation - The report discusses the relationship between base money and broader money supply, indicating that changes in base money can influence the creation of broad money, but they are not directly correlated [5]. - It emphasizes that the channels for bank money creation are becoming more diversified, reflecting changes in financing and economic structures [5]. Interest Rates and Resource Allocation - The report outlines the significance of interest rates and their relative relationships in guiding resource allocation within the economy [6]. - It explains that changes in interest rates can lead to shifts in capital flows towards higher return assets, impacting various financial markets [6]. Future Monetary Policy Directions - The PBOC plans to maintain a relatively loose social financing condition and implement appropriate monetary policies to support economic stability [8]. - Key measures include enhancing credit support for small and medium-sized enterprises, expanding financial supply for consumption, and stabilizing the RMB exchange rate [8][9]. Risk Management and Financial Stability - The report emphasizes the importance of preventing and mitigating financial risks through a robust macro-prudential policy framework [9]. - It highlights the need for continuous innovation in financial tools to maintain market stability and address systemic risks [9].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has implemented a series of significant monetary policy measures to support economic recovery and enhance financial market confidence, as reported during the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress [1] Monetary Policy Execution - Following the Central Political Bureau's directives on September 26, 2024, the PBOC introduced a comprehensive set of monetary policy measures aimed at maintaining an appropriately accommodative monetary stance starting in 2025 [1] - In May, new monetary policy measures were launched, including further reductions in reserve requirement ratios (RRR) and interest rates, alongside increased structural support for technological innovation, consumption, small and micro enterprises, and stabilizing foreign trade [1] - As of the end of September, the year-on-year growth rates for the total social financing scale and broad money supply were 8.7% and 8.4%, respectively [1] - The weighted average interest rate for newly issued corporate loans was reported at 3.14% in September [1] - The execution and transmission of monetary policy have been strengthened, resulting in ample liquidity, reasonable growth in financial aggregates, and historically low social financing costs, which collectively contribute to boosting market confidence and improving social expectations [1]

Core Insights - The People's Bank of China reported that as of the end of August, the broad money supply (M2) was 331.98 trillion yuan, growing by 8.8% year-on-year, while the narrow money supply (M1) was 111.23 trillion yuan, increasing by 6% [1] - The total social financing scale increased by 26.56 trillion yuan in the first eight months, which is 4.66 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [1] - The net financing scale of government bonds reached 10.27 trillion yuan in the first eight months, an increase of 4.63 trillion yuan year-on-year, supporting the growth of social financing [2] Monetary Supply and Financing - As of the end of August, the M2 balance remained stable compared to the previous month, supported by increased fiscal policies and reasonable growth in social financing and loans [1] - The total amount of RMB loans increased by 13.46 trillion yuan in the first eight months, indicating strong support for the real economy [1] Credit Support for the Real Economy - Credit growth in August was bolstered by factors such as industry recovery, resilient exports, summer consumption peaks, and supportive real estate policies [3] - Manufacturing loans saw a significant increase, with new manufacturing loans accounting for 53% of new corporate loans, reflecting a 33 percentage point increase compared to the previous year [3] Real Estate Policies - Major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen introduced a series of real estate policies to better meet housing demand, leading to a notable increase in housing transactions [4] - Following the implementation of new policies in Shanghai, the real estate transaction volume significantly increased, indicating a recovery in housing demand [4] Future Monetary Policy Focus - The focus of future monetary policy should be on optimizing the structure of credit, as the economy transitions to medium-high growth and faces challenges such as high household leverage and pressure on bank asset quality [5] - Structural monetary policy tools have shown positive growth in key areas, with inclusive small and micro loans growing by 11.8% and medium to long-term loans for manufacturing increasing by 8.6% [5] Structural Policy Tools - Structural monetary policy tools are expected to continue playing a guiding role, enhancing financial institutions' ability to support key sectors [6] - Collaboration between monetary credit policies and fiscal measures is essential to improve the effectiveness of financial support in critical areas [6]

Group 1: Monetary Supply and Deposits - The broad money supply in Macau increased in May 2025, with M1 rising by 2.4% and M2 increasing by 1.2% to 815.7 billion MOP [1] - Resident deposits rose by 1.3% to 794.7 billion MOP, while non-resident deposits increased by 0.4% to 351.0 billion MOP [2] - The total deposits in the banking system increased by 1.4% to 1,361.7 billion MOP, with the composition of deposits being 19.2% MOP, 47.0% HKD, 8.7% RMB, and 23.4% USD [2] Group 2: Loans - Local private sector loans decreased by 1.4% to 498.5 billion MOP, and external sector loans fell by 7.6% to 495.2 billion MOP [3] - The total private sector loans declined by 4.6% to 993.7 billion MOP, with the currency composition being 22.3% MOP, 43.8% HKD, 8.8% RMB, and 21.8% USD [3] Group 3: Banking Operations - As of the end of May 2025, the loan-to-deposit ratio for local residents dropped to 49.3%, while the overall loan-to-deposit ratio, including non-residents, decreased to 73.0% [4] - The liquidity ratios for one month and three months stood at 65.7% and 57.9%, respectively [4] - The non-performing loan ratio increased to 5.7% due to a decline in total loans [4]