（来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 在新技术不断涌现，相关应用不断改变人们生活方式的当下，应该如何理解技术？在过去的一百多 年里，考古学领域往往将技术视为一种"手段"。然而，近几十年的研究让学界看到，技术并非如此简 单。它被重新理解为一种嵌入社会生活的实践，是由记忆、传统与群体经验共同塑造的一系列选择。技 术不仅关乎效率，也关乎价值、文化与社会结构等。 不久前，由中国社会科学院、上海市人民政府与国家文物局共同主办的第六届"世界考古论坛·上 海"，以"技术、社会与考古学"为主题，聚集了来自世界各地的学者，共同探讨技术、社会与文化之间 的多重关联，为技术如何塑造古代社会、又将如何塑造未来，提供了来自考古学的观察与思考。 作为适应手段的技术 当人类面对环境的变动尤其是自然环境的剧烈变化时，会有怎样的反应？来自世界各地的考古学 家，试图通过观察过去千万年间人类社会的灌溉系统、梯田工程、轮耕方式、治水设施及迁徙策略，来 回答"技术"是如何帮助人类在不稳定的环境与气候中生存的。 来自美国缅因大学的学者丹尼尔·桑德韦斯等，利用秘鲁海岸线沿线的考古记录，对约5800年以来 厄尔尼诺现象出现在东部太平洋的频率，以及其对人类社会 ...

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而在殷墟商王陵区，技术体现为一整套"国家级的组织能力"。动物祭祀坑中，每一种动物的选择、排列 与组合，都包含严密的政治与宗教意义。饲养体系、运输体系、仪式体系互为依托，形成一个巨大而复 杂的运作网络。 再往西北看，陕西清涧寨沟遗址展示了另一种技术道路。当本地群体吸收中原青铜文化的方式不是复 制，而是"改造"与"再创造"。他们在自然环境、资源差异与自身传统的基础上重塑了青铜冶铸体系，使 其带有独特的地域色彩。技术的传播，会在新的土壤中重新生长。 石器的敲击声、陶土的旋转声、玉料的磨光声、青铜的流淌声，这些声音共同构成了我们对人类社会最 早的想象。当考古学家拨开遗址上的风土与沉沙，那些古老的技艺跨越时空浮现在眼前…… "第六届世界考古论坛·上海"以"技术、社会与考古学"为主题，把来自43个国家的学者聚集起来。技术 如何塑造古代社会？人类又如何借助技术理解自身与世界？数字化时代，古人曾走过的路径对于我们有 何启发？ 中国北方的牛河梁遗址提供了一个典型例证。这里出土的玉器精巧异常，值得关注的是其背后的社会力 量。采石、运输、磨制、抛光，每一道工序都需要严密的组织结构。例如，制作一件玉龙，需要跨区域 的材料调配、标准化 ...

其二，资本赋能，破解融资缺口。 ■ 矫 月 近日，2025第三届商业航天发展大会暨第四届中关村商业航天大会发布的一组数据，勾勒出全球航天产 业的新格局：截至目前，全球共进行了325次航天发射，入轨航天器4026颗。其中，中国发射87次，民 营商业火箭企业执行23次发射任务，入轨航天器324颗。 这组数据绝非简单的数量叠加，而是商业航天从"技术验证"迈向"规模化发展"的鲜明注脚，全球航天进 入"周更发射时代"。但不容忽视的是，商业航天产业化尚存短板，笔者认为，中国商业航天要实现产业 化破局，需构建技术、资本、产业协同联动的发展生态。 其一，技术攻坚，突破关键瓶颈。 从技术层面来看，我国商业航天可回收复用等核心技术尚未成熟，这就要求相关企业进一步加强技术攻 关，一方面要深化协同创新机制，整合科研院所等资源，加速可回收火箭、一箭多星等技术迭代；另一 方面需提升发射场保障能力，破解高密度发射的基础设施制约，同时，加强在轨故障诊断与修复等技术 储备，匹配"周更发射"的常态化运营需求。 商业航天进入规模化量产与运营阶段后，亟待耐心资本补足长周期研发与产能投入的资金缺口。这就要 求进一步完善多元投融资体系，使政府引导基金与 ...

■矫月 近日，2025第三届商业航天发展大会暨第四届中关村商业航天大会发布的一组数据，勾勒出全球航天产 业的新格局：截至目前，全球共进行了325次航天发射，入轨航天器4026颗。其中，中国发射87次，民 营商业火箭企业执行23次发射任务，入轨航天器324颗。 这组数据绝非简单的数量叠加，而是商业航天从"技术验证"迈向"规模化发展"的鲜明注脚，全球航天进 入"周更发射时代"。但不容忽视的是，商业航天产业化尚存短板，笔者认为，中国商业航天要实现产业 化破局，需构建技术、资本、产业协同联动的发展生态。 商业航天进入规模化量产与运营阶段后，亟待耐心资本补足长周期研发与产能投入的资金缺口。这就要 求进一步完善多元投融资体系，使政府引导基金与创投机构形成合力，为企业提供长期资金支持，同时 支持商业航天相关企业发行上市。更关键的是，在资本支持下，商业航天企业需主动探索可持续的盈利 模式。 其三，产业协同，打通全链条壁垒。 我国商业航天产业上下游链路协同有待进一步提升，上游需攻坚关键零部件国产化，降低对外部供应链 的依赖，提升自主可控能力；中游要推进火箭制造、卫星总装的规模化生产，通过量产摊薄成本；下游 则要拓展多元应用场景 ...

Core Viewpoint - The National Market Supervision Administration has officially released the "Quality Certification Professional Capacity Improvement Action Plan (2025-2030)", marking a significant shift in China's quality certification industry from a quantity-based model to a quality and efficiency-oriented approach aimed at enhancing credibility, supporting high-quality development, and increasing international market influence [1][2]. Group 1: Action Plan Overview - The action plan aims to address issues of weak credibility, insufficient support for high-quality development, and limited international market influence in the quality certification industry [1][3]. - The plan outlines a clear three-stage goal: by the end of 2026, establish a traceable certification lifecycle; by the end of 2028, resolve issues of homogenized competition and insufficient effective supply; and by 2030, effectively address credibility and support issues, forming a professional capacity system guided by the government and supported by the industry and talent [3][4]. Group 2: Six Major Actions - The "Six Major Actions" include various initiatives such as promoting high-level openness in certification, building credibility, advancing digital development, and enhancing service capabilities for enterprises [2][4]. - The overall design emphasizes a people-centered approach and high-quality development, encapsulated in the concept of "one body, two wings, and three improvements" [2][3]. Group 3: Key Tasks - The action plan includes eight key tasks focusing on both compliance and professional enhancement, ensuring a solid foundation for certification quality while promoting innovation and service capabilities [4][5]. - Specific measures include strengthening compliance in certification institutions and personnel, enhancing technical foundations, and improving industry self-regulation [4][5]. Group 4: Importance of Technology and Personnel - Technology is highlighted as the "lifeline" of quality certification, with a focus on building a scientific and authoritative certification technology system [6][7]. - Personnel are identified as key transmitters of certification value, with initiatives aimed at improving compliance and professional capabilities among certification personnel [6][7]. Group 5: Recognition System - The recognition system is deemed essential for supporting the professionalism of certification, with plans to accelerate research in new fields and promote mutual recognition processes [8]. - Efforts will also focus on enhancing cooperation networks along the "Belt and Road" initiative to facilitate trust for domestic enterprises seeking to expand internationally [8].

Core Insights - The article discusses significant developments in the industry, highlighting key trends and potential impacts on market dynamics [1] Group 1 - The industry is experiencing a shift due to recent regulatory changes, which may affect operational strategies for companies involved [1] - Companies are adapting to new consumer preferences, leading to innovative product offerings and marketing strategies [1] - Financial performance metrics indicate a positive growth trajectory, with several companies reporting increased revenues and market share [1]

Group 1 - The 2025 Sustainable Global Leaders Conference will be held from October 16 to 18 in Shanghai at the Expo Park [1] - Liu Erhai, founder and managing partner of Joy Capital, emphasized the importance of the commercialization of technology, stating that without revenue, a company has no value [3] - The investment logic has significantly changed, moving away from a user acquisition focus to a combination of technology and commercialization capabilities [3] Group 2 - Liu advised entrepreneurs to spend more time between customers and products, highlighting the increased importance of technology and product capabilities in the current era [3]

Core Insights - The chairman of Shenzhen Zhihui Technology Co., Ltd. emphasized the importance of a "technology, manufacturing, and ecosystem triangle collaboration" strategy to overcome mass production challenges in waveguide technology and transition AR from a niche product to a mainstream productivity tool [1] Group 1: Company Strategy - Zhihui Technology has made a strategic investment in Shenzhen Montong Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., focusing on integrated AI+AR glasses products [1] - The company aims to enhance its annual strategy of "technological innovation and efficiency first" through product structure optimization, supply chain collaboration, and multi-channel layout [2] - Zhihui Technology plans to adopt a dual-driven model of "ODM + own brand" to capitalize on the upcoming AR market boom [2] Group 2: Industry Development - The chairman highlighted the critical significance of ecosystem co-construction for the industrialization of AR, advocating for cross-field collaboration among technology providers, manufacturers, and investors [1] - The integration of AI and AR is accelerating, positioning Zhihui Technology to play a significant role in the forthcoming AR popularization wave [2]

Group 1 - The number of Chinese students studying abroad has been declining over the past five years, with significant reductions in various prestigious universities [3][4][5] - The rising costs of studying abroad, particularly in the United States, have become unbearable for many families, with average annual expenses exceeding $100,000 [5][6] - The job market for returning Chinese students has become increasingly competitive, with many facing challenges in recouping their educational investments [9][10][11] Group 2 - The previous advantages of studying abroad, such as the "sea turtle" phenomenon, have diminished due to changing societal and economic conditions [20][24] - The tightening of U.S. visa policies has further complicated the prospects for Chinese students, with rejection rates for student visas reaching 36% in 2023 [25][32] - The global landscape for talent mobility is shifting, with increased restrictions on immigration and work opportunities in developed countries [28][30][31] Group 3 - Despite the challenges, there remains a recognition that studying abroad can still provide significant advantages in terms of personal development and specialized knowledge, particularly in STEM fields [39][40] - The need for exceptional talent persists, and individuals must align their skills with market demands to succeed in a more competitive environment [41][42]