蔡蔚表示，电驱动技术路线的长期趋势是集成化，从电机、减/变速器、控制器三个分离部件演变为二 合一加控制器、三合一，截至目前已发展到十二合一、甚至十四合一的概念也已被提出。但与此同时， 高度集成化的电驱也面临着更困难的售后维保问题，因此需采用模块化解决这个问题。 蔡蔚认为，截至目前绝大多数电动车采用集中电驱动系统，即使用电驱动化部件取代传统发动机，而分 布式电驱动系统将成为未来的趋势，但除比亚迪K9大巴的轮边电机等个别情况外，迄今为止还没有进 行大批量生产。他表示，其主要原因在于产业对机械、电气和热的控制不足，或将影响操控性和舒适 性。而根源则在于车轮重量，因而未来降低车轮重量将是一大发展方向。 在蔡蔚看来，当电动车采用分布驱动后，线控系统将成为下一个趋势，包括线控转向、线控悬架、线控 制动，不过和分布电驱类似，目前为止线控转向、线控悬架、线控制动的应用占比仍较小。 【文/观察者网 潘昱辰 编辑/高莘】7月15日，2025新能源智能汽车新质发展论坛在吉林长春东北亚国际 会议中心举行。哈尔滨理工大学终身荣誉教授、国家卓越工程师、俄罗斯工程院外籍院士蔡蔚在论坛期 间分享了汽车电驱动技术现状与发展趋势。他强调，关键零 ...

Group 1 - Several automakers are facing production challenges due to a shortage of rare earth materials, which are critical for high-end automotive manufacturing [2][3] - Suzuki has suspended production of its Swift model due to the impact of China's rare earth export controls, marking it as the first Japanese automaker affected [3] - Mercedes-Benz and BMW are in urgent discussions with suppliers to stabilize the supply of rare earth components, while Ford has reported increased transportation costs and delays in parts delivery due to extended approval processes for rare earth exports from China [4] Group 2 - China's Ministry of Commerce and Customs announced export controls on seven types of medium and heavy rare earth materials, with a new regulation set to take effect on October 1, 2024, establishing a closed-loop management system for the entire rare earth industry [5] - The Chinese government emphasizes that these export controls are in line with international practices and aim to protect national security and interests [6] - The demand for rare earth materials in the automotive industry is increasing, particularly for electric motors, where rare earth materials account for about 20% of the motor's cost [10] Group 3 - The global supply chain for rare earth materials is heavily reliant on China's processing capabilities, despite the country's relatively small reserves [8] - There is ongoing research and development in the automotive industry for rare earth-free motors, but current alternatives still lag behind in performance compared to rare earth-based motors [11][12] - The upcoming Rare Earth Management Regulations in China signify a shift towards sustainable development and stricter industry standards, aiming to enhance the stability of the global supply chain [12]