秋冬季是呼吸道感染的高发期，近期，多地儿童医院呼吸道门诊患者人数出现明显增长。 根据中国疾控中心发布的全国急性呼吸道传染病哨点监测情况，近期流感已成为全国哨点医院门急诊流 感样病例呼吸道样本检测阳性率第一的病原体，占比达到17.5%；同时，鼻病毒感染率也较高。什么是 鼻病毒？感染鼻病毒后有哪些危害？如何预防和应对？ 01 什么是鼻病毒？与呼吸道合胞病毒、流感有何区别？ 鼻病毒又称人鼻病毒（Human Rhinovirus, HRV），是一种很小的单链RNA病毒，它是引发普通感冒的 主要"元凶"之一，在成人和儿童中非常常见，是儿童急性上呼吸道感染最常见的病原体（占30%至 50%）。 HRV全年均可发病，其主要通过飞沫进行呼吸道传播，可在器物表面存活数日，因此也可通过器物— 手—鼻的接触而传播。主要传染源是患者及病毒携带者，人群对HRV普遍易感，特别是3岁以下儿童。 一般来说，秋冬季常见呼吸道病毒感染普遍会出现发热、咳嗽、咳痰、咽喉疼痛、打喷嚏、流鼻涕的症 状，但不同病毒感染也有不同特点。北京大学人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任医师公丕花介绍： 呼吸道合胞病毒常见于幼儿发病，2岁以内的孩子更为高发，表现为流涕、 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant increase in respiratory infections among children during the autumn and winter seasons, with various pathogens circulating, particularly influenza and rhinovirus, leading to a rise in outpatient visits at children's hospitals [1][2]. Group 1: Respiratory Infection Trends - There has been a notable rise in the number of outpatient visits for respiratory infections in children's hospitals, with symptoms such as persistent cough, runny nose, and fever being common among affected children [1]. - According to the China CDC, influenza has become the leading pathogen in outpatient settings, with a positive detection rate of 17.5% for influenza-like cases [1]. - The infection rates for rhinovirus are also high, particularly among children aged 14 and below, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is showing an upward trend in northern provinces [1]. Group 2: Symptoms and Treatment - Common symptoms of respiratory viral infections include fever, cough, phlegm, sore throat, sneezing, and runny nose, but different viruses exhibit distinct characteristics [2]. - RSV primarily affects infants under 2 years old, presenting with symptoms like runny nose, low fever, and cough, while severe cases may lead to respiratory distress [2]. - Influenza typically presents with more severe systemic symptoms, whereas rhinovirus infections are generally milder, resembling common colds [2]. Group 3: Treatment Guidelines - There are significant differences in treatment approaches for various viral infections; both rhinovirus and RSV lack specific antiviral medications, and treatment focuses on supportive care [2]. - For confirmed influenza cases, prompt administration of antiviral medications can effectively alleviate symptoms, but these medications are not beneficial for other viral infections [2]. - The use of antibiotics is discouraged for any viral infections, as they do not provide any benefit [2]. Group 4: Influenza Virus Characteristics - Current circulating influenza strains are predominantly the H3N2 subtype, which accounts for over 98% of detected cases [3]. - The H3N2 subtype is a common seasonal flu strain, and vaccination is emphasized as the most effective and economical method to prevent severe illness from influenza [3]. - Available influenza vaccines are effective against the currently circulating H3N2 strain [3].

气候转凉，流感活跃。最新监测显示，我国绝大多数省份已进入流感流行期，其中华南、西南、东北、 西北等地区的部分省份流感活动水平达到中等流行水平。 北方省份呼吸道合胞病毒阳性率上升 除了流感流行，其他呼吸道传染病的发生也有所变化，且监测结果存在南北方地域差异和不同年龄段人 群差异。 其中，肠道病毒检测阳性率本周有所下降，鼻病毒检测阳性率在平台波动，均是14岁及以下病例组检测 阳性率高于其他年龄组。 我国呼吸道疾病疫情呈上升趋势 "四川省已正式进入流感流行期，病例数呈现快速上升态势。""今年流感疫情较往年更早出现了快速上 升态势，我省（湖南）流感疫情峰值将有较大可能超过近年平均水平。"近日，多地疾控部门就流感流 行趋势发布提醒。 11月6日，中疾控公布了最新的全国急性呼吸道感染监测情况：当前我国已进入呼吸道传染病高发季 节，疫情总体呈上升趋势，流感活动逐步进入快速上升阶段，肠道病毒、鼻病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒等也 存在一定水平活动。 从数据看，第44周（2025年10月27日—11月2日），全国哨点医院报告的流感样病例数占门急诊就诊总 数的比例（流感样病例百分比）为4.7%。哨点医院门急诊流感样病例呼吸道样本检测阳性率 ...