文/ 中国宏观经济研究院党委书记、院长 黄汉权 当前社会各方面比较关注的经济热点问题主要是物价持续低位运行、就业 和收入问题、房地产市场持续调整和部分行业"内卷式"竞争严重等。 当前社会各方面比较关注的经济热点问题主要是物价持续低位运行、就业和收入问题、房地产市场持续调整和部分行业"内卷式"竞争严重等。 针对物价持续低位运行问题， 要标本兼治、长短结合、供给需求双侧发力、政策改革协同配合，把推动物价温和回升作为宏观政策目标的重要内 容，加大逆周期调节力度，实施好更加积极有为的宏观政策，综合整治部分行业内卷式竞争和价格战，在供给侧调控重点行业产能产量，以产品质 量提升带动价格回升，在需求侧增加居民收入、完善社会保障，以释放消费潜力扩大国内需求，推动总供给和总需求关系改善。 当前就业形势面临较大挑战，其中既有经济转型带来的结构性就业阵痛，也有新兴技术发展带来的摩擦性失业。也要看到，中国经济稳定增长、新 兴行业蓬勃发展，也会带来新的就业机会。 从近期情况看，房地产市场运行总体平稳。第一，在各项稳楼市政策作用下，房地产销售基本平稳，上半年，全国新建商品房销售面积45851万平 方米，同比下降3.5%；新建商品房销售额 ...

Economic Overview - In June, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 0.1% year-on-year, marking a shift from negative to positive growth, with food prices showing a reduced decline and non-food prices slightly rising [1] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) fell by 3.6% year-on-year, with a widening decline, indicating that living material prices performed better than production material prices [1] - The average CPI for the first half of the year was -0.1%, while the average PPI was -2.9%, reflecting a low overall price level in the domestic market [1] External Factors - International commodity prices have decreased, creating downward pressure on domestic prices, particularly affecting industries related to oil and gas, with oil and gas extraction prices down by 12.6% year-on-year and fuel prices down by 10.4% [1] - The rise of anti-globalization sentiments and "reciprocal tariffs" from the U.S. has led to increased trade barriers, impacting China's export industries and potentially leading to further price declines in related sectors [2] Internal Factors - The acceleration of energy structure transformation and the increase in green energy have contributed to lower energy prices, with coal mining and washing prices dropping by 21.8% year-on-year due to reduced demand for thermal power [2] - Intense market competition in certain industries, particularly in manufacturing, has led to price suppression, with many companies engaging in price wars due to product homogeneity [3] Structural Price Changes - Policies aimed at reducing "involution competition" have helped alleviate overcapacity in certain sectors, leading to a narrowing of price declines in industries such as automotive manufacturing and lithium battery production [3] - Consumption-boosting policies have positively impacted certain consumer goods sectors, resulting in price increases for items like arts and crafts, sports goods, and smart consumer products [4] - High-tech industries related to smart manufacturing and digital economy are experiencing rapid growth, with product prices showing a year-on-year increase, indicating a promising future for economic transformation [5]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is adjusting its monetary policy to enhance its effectiveness and responsiveness to the current complex economic environment, indicating a more proactive approach in policy implementation [1][3]. Economic Analysis - The meeting highlighted the increasingly complex and severe external environment, with weakened global economic growth and rising trade barriers. Internally, it emphasized insufficient domestic demand and the new challenge of persistently low prices, providing a more detailed analysis compared to previous meetings [3][4]. Policy Adjustment - The monetary policy committee stressed the importance of maintaining ample liquidity and guiding financial institutions to increase credit supply. It aims to align the growth of social financing and money supply with economic growth and price level expectations, reflecting a coordinated approach between monetary policy and economic development goals [4][5]. - Recommendations were made to strengthen the central bank's policy interest rate guidance and improve the market-based interest rate transmission mechanism, with a focus on reducing overall financing costs [4]. Structural Policy Tools - The meeting called for specific measures to deepen financial supply-side structural reforms, urging large banks to enhance their role in supporting the real economy while smaller banks focus on their core responsibilities. This indicates a clear understanding of the differentiated roles of various financial institutions [5]. - Emphasis was placed on effectively implementing various structural monetary policy tools, particularly in supporting technology innovation and boosting consumption. The meeting also highlighted the need to stabilize the capital market through mechanisms like stock repurchase and loan facilitation [5]. - In the real estate sector, the focus shifted from merely stabilizing the market to consolidating its stability, with calls to enhance the vitality of existing properties and land, reflecting a slight adjustment in policy focus [5].