Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical rise of the United States from 1865 to 1925, highlighting how it surpassed the British Empire in industrial and economic power through strategic innovations, technology absorption, and institutional support [3][28]. Group 1: Pre-Civil War Industrial Foundation - Before the Civil War, the U.S. industrial base was significantly influenced by "technology smuggling," where advanced British technologies were covertly brought to America [5][9]. - The U.S. faced legislative barriers from Britain aimed at stifling its industrial growth, similar to modern restrictions on technology transfer [5][11]. - By 1860, U.S. industrial output had surpassed France, but it still lagged behind Britain in key metrics like steel production [12]. Group 2: Post-Civil War Transformation - The Civil War (1861-1865) was pivotal in abolishing slavery, increasing the labor force, and strengthening federal power, which facilitated innovation and technology diffusion [14][15]. - Post-war, the U.S. became a "new technology digestion machine," rapidly adopting and adapting European innovations [16][20]. - By 1900, U.S. steel production had overtaken Britain's, and the country had built a vast railway network, enhancing its industrial capabilities [17][20]. Group 3: Innovation and Economic Expansion - The introduction of the assembly line by Henry Ford revolutionized production efficiency, drastically reducing costs and increasing output [22][24]. - The establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913 marked a significant financial innovation, enhancing capital mobilization and supporting industrial growth [24]. - By the late 1920s, the U.S. had become a leader in various industries, with manufacturing productivity significantly higher than that of Britain [23][28]. Group 4: Factors Behind U.S. Ascendancy - Key factors contributing to the U.S. rise included institutional advantages, scale economies, a pragmatic approach to efficiency, and an open immigration policy that attracted talent [28].

敬畏未知，不断推动科技进步。在原始社会，人们对未知世界既感神秘、又觉恐惧。从农业文明到工业 文明，人们逐渐适应自然、改造自然甚至试图征服自然，在遭受大自然的惩罚后，意识到我们对自然的 了解还十分有限。正如恩格斯在《自然辩证法》中所写，"不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。 对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都对我们进行报复。"21世纪以来，新一代信息技术、生命科学技术、 先进制造技术、能源技术等加速发展，科学技术作为第一生产力的深远影响和关键作用更加突出。如今 新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，科技进化的速度远快于生物的进化，超越了生物体的局限，人工 智能可以轻易完成人类做不到的事，让人类面临许多新的未知之数。从自然界的未知，到科技界的未 知，都会令人不由地心生敬畏，也正因为有了这种敬畏，人们才会不知疲倦地探索规律。当前，我们比 历史上任何时期都更加需要科技创新发展，锚定2035年建成科技强国的战略目标，必须坚持走中国特色 自主创新道路，充分发挥新型举国体制优势，以时不我待的紧迫感加快科技创新和产业转型升级，攻克 更多填补国内空白、打破国外垄断的关键技术，抢占科技竞争和未来发展制高点，把科技命脉和发展主 动权牢牢 ...